Linguistics Final he he he he he he he he he he he he he he he

Commands

(direct eye contact, frowning?, head nod)

WH-questions

(eyebrows down)

YES-NO questions

(eyebrows up)

Rhetorical Questions

(eyebrows up, lean forward)

Negation

(head shake, squint/frown)

Question mark wiggle

(surprised)

William Stokoe's most known accomplishments?

-He created the name ASL -He wrote the first dictionary of ASL -He was the first person to research ASL

What did the Movement Hold system show that Stokoe's system did not?

-It showed adequate detail to describe ASL words -It showed sequence -It showed the extra parameters of palm orientation and Non-Manual Structures

Arbitrary

-When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have no relationship.

Sequence is important because...

-it proves there are parts if the parts come at certain times -without sequences it seems as if signs happen in instant

How does the Movement Hold System work?

-it shows how ASL uses a system of holds and movements to make words. -it shows the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand separately.

When do babies begin to babble?

6 months

Metathesis ex

A word from ASL that often crosses the ipsilateral/contralateral boundary can use this process.

Can also function as adjectival predicates

Adjectives

What do babies babble?

All of the sounds possible for human language

Conjunctions

BUT, UNDERSTAND, #OR, PLUS

Nouns

CHICAGO, #SEARS, COMPUTER, TABLE, THEORY

Conditional

D-R J-I-M DRESS COWBOY, (raised eyebrows, a head tilt, and a short pause) OPEN HOUSE TODAY

STUDENT WIN GRANT

Declaritvie

The first contact hold rule

Deleting all non-contacting holds and any preceding movements.

The single sequence rule

Dump all internal movement (if there is any) in a compound sign.

Hold Reduction Example

Dumping the hold between movement segments

The single sequence rule ex

Eliminate all reduplication of movement in compound sign

Pronouns

Sign that represents a person, place, or thing that has already been identified in an earlier sentence

Iconic Example

Signs like -Baby -Telephone -Golf or words like -cock-a-doodle-do in spoken English

Reverse Iconic example

Signs like -Tree -Elephant -Sanwich

Arbitrary Example

Signs like -look -for -inside or "asphalt" and "line"

Metathesis Example

Signs like HONEYMOON, BACHELOR, PARENTS, DEAF, and HOME can do this

Verbs

Signs that are actions, events, processes, and states of being

Adjective

Signs that describe nouns. These can describe an opinion, size, age, or color, among many qualities that can be described about a noun.

Modal verbs

Signs that express the idea of possibility or necessity. This comes first, and then the main verb follows it.

Nouns

Signs that identify individuals, places, and concrete and abstract things

Prepositions

Signs that show relationships between nouns and predicates

Adverbs

Signs used to express manner, indicate how often or other aspects of temporal frequently, or modify adjectives.

Movement Epenthesis

Sometimes a movement section is added between the last segment of one sign and the first segment of the next sign.

DR JIM MAD (with shaking the head side to side and possible frowning or squinting)

negation

Language is productive: infinite new utterances can be produced and anything can be discussed.

Unique to Languages

Users can discuss even the fact that they are discussing the system

Unique to Languages

More than one meaning can be conveyed by a symbol or group of symbols

Unique to langaages

Assimilation Example

Usually happen with the segment just before the segment in question or just after it

Wh-Question

WHEN D-R J-I-M GET COWBOY HAT?

Command (3)

IN-BED (with direct eye contact and frowning)

The first contact hold rule ex

If the first sign in a compound has a contacting hold, that hold will stay.

Symmetry Condition

In a two handed sign, if both hands move, they will have the same handshape and the same type of movement

Movement Epenthesis Example

Inserting a movement between two holds

The use of symbols

Languages AND communication systems

A community of users

Languages and Communication Systems

Symbols may be arbitrary or iconic

Languages and Communication systems

Have gestures

Languages and communication systems

Symbols are organized and used systematically

Languages and communication systems

Rule of Three

One, two, or three of any parameter is acceptable in ASL.

Pronoun

PRO-1 and PRO-3

Verbs

RUN, WALK, ENJOY, LIKE, HELP, INFORM

Assimilation

Sometimes one segment in a sign takes on the characteristics of another segment. in other words, sometimes one segment looks the same or moves the same or is located in the same place as another segment of a sign

Hold Reduction

Sometimes the amount of time that a sign is held is decreased or the hold is removed entirely.

Metathesis

Sometimes the beginning location and the ending location of a sign can change places.

Weak-Hand Deletion

Sometimes the passive hand is deleted in a two-handed sign.

What is never a predicate in ASL?

Subject

What is linguistics?

The study of language

How do babies narrow down to one language? Or do they?

They continue to repeat the sounds that they hear that are made to them by humans

Can refer to the past, future, and things that don't happen immediately

Unique to Languages

The weak hand anticipation rule ex

When the dominant hand anticipates the second sign in a compound

The weak hand anticipation rule

When the handshape of the second sign on non-dominant hand is already in place when the second sign is made during the first part of an ASL compound

Iconic Definition

When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have a clear relationship.

Reverse Iconic Definition

When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have no relationship that can be seen until one is explained to the user, then the relationship seems obvious.

Declaritive

YOU EAT MEAT EVERY-DAY YOU

Command

YOU GO (with direct eye contact and frowning)

YOU LIKE D-R J-I-M?

Yes-No question

YESTERDAY, TWO-WEEKS-AGO, NEXT-TWO-DAYS, STILL

adverbs

According to the Ted Talks video, at what age does the ability to acquire a first language begin to drop?

age 7

SIT (with direct eye contact and frowning

command

Signs that join words or phrases of the same category

conjunctions

Topicalization

eyebrows raised- topic in the front

Use of depiction, or indicating, depicting verbs, AT, IN, UNDER, BEHIND

prepositions

Conditionals

raised eyebrows, tilt, pause -if/then

The symbols can be broken down into smaller parts

unique to langauges

Change across time

unique to languges

Parts of the system must be learned by other users

unique to languges

Users can learn other variants of the same system

unique to languges

HOW DR JIM LEARN SAY PING PONG SAME-AS CHINESE?

wh-question

Do Deaf babies babble?

yes

DR JIM IN OFFICE NOW?

yes-no question