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Commands
(direct eye contact, frowning?, head nod)
WH-questions
(eyebrows down)
YES-NO questions
(eyebrows up)
Rhetorical Questions
(eyebrows up, lean forward)
Negation
(head shake, squint/frown)
Question mark wiggle
(surprised)
William Stokoe's most known accomplishments?
-He created the name ASL -He wrote the first dictionary of ASL -He was the first person to research ASL
What did the Movement Hold system show that Stokoe's system did not?
-It showed adequate detail to describe ASL words -It showed sequence -It showed the extra parameters of palm orientation and Non-Manual Structures
Arbitrary
-When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have no relationship.
Sequence is important because...
-it proves there are parts if the parts come at certain times -without sequences it seems as if signs happen in instant
How does the Movement Hold System work?
-it shows how ASL uses a system of holds and movements to make words. -it shows the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand separately.
When do babies begin to babble?
6 months
Metathesis ex
A word from ASL that often crosses the ipsilateral/contralateral boundary can use this process.
Can also function as adjectival predicates
Adjectives
What do babies babble?
All of the sounds possible for human language
Conjunctions
BUT, UNDERSTAND, #OR, PLUS
Nouns
CHICAGO, #SEARS, COMPUTER, TABLE, THEORY
Conditional
D-R J-I-M DRESS COWBOY, (raised eyebrows, a head tilt, and a short pause) OPEN HOUSE TODAY
STUDENT WIN GRANT
Declaritvie
The first contact hold rule
Deleting all non-contacting holds and any preceding movements.
The single sequence rule
Dump all internal movement (if there is any) in a compound sign.
Hold Reduction Example
Dumping the hold between movement segments
The single sequence rule ex
Eliminate all reduplication of movement in compound sign
Pronouns
Sign that represents a person, place, or thing that has already been identified in an earlier sentence
Iconic Example
Signs like -Baby -Telephone -Golf or words like -cock-a-doodle-do in spoken English
Reverse Iconic example
Signs like -Tree -Elephant -Sanwich
Arbitrary Example
Signs like -look -for -inside or "asphalt" and "line"
Metathesis Example
Signs like HONEYMOON, BACHELOR, PARENTS, DEAF, and HOME can do this
Verbs
Signs that are actions, events, processes, and states of being
Adjective
Signs that describe nouns. These can describe an opinion, size, age, or color, among many qualities that can be described about a noun.
Modal verbs
Signs that express the idea of possibility or necessity. This comes first, and then the main verb follows it.
Nouns
Signs that identify individuals, places, and concrete and abstract things
Prepositions
Signs that show relationships between nouns and predicates
Adverbs
Signs used to express manner, indicate how often or other aspects of temporal frequently, or modify adjectives.
Movement Epenthesis
Sometimes a movement section is added between the last segment of one sign and the first segment of the next sign.
DR JIM MAD (with shaking the head side to side and possible frowning or squinting)
negation
Language is productive: infinite new utterances can be produced and anything can be discussed.
Unique to Languages
Users can discuss even the fact that they are discussing the system
Unique to Languages
More than one meaning can be conveyed by a symbol or group of symbols
Unique to langaages
Assimilation Example
Usually happen with the segment just before the segment in question or just after it
Wh-Question
WHEN D-R J-I-M GET COWBOY HAT?
Command (3)
IN-BED (with direct eye contact and frowning)
The first contact hold rule ex
If the first sign in a compound has a contacting hold, that hold will stay.
Symmetry Condition
In a two handed sign, if both hands move, they will have the same handshape and the same type of movement
Movement Epenthesis Example
Inserting a movement between two holds
The use of symbols
Languages AND communication systems
A community of users
Languages and Communication Systems
Symbols may be arbitrary or iconic
Languages and Communication systems
Have gestures
Languages and communication systems
Symbols are organized and used systematically
Languages and communication systems
Rule of Three
One, two, or three of any parameter is acceptable in ASL.
Pronoun
PRO-1 and PRO-3
Verbs
RUN, WALK, ENJOY, LIKE, HELP, INFORM
Assimilation
Sometimes one segment in a sign takes on the characteristics of another segment. in other words, sometimes one segment looks the same or moves the same or is located in the same place as another segment of a sign
Hold Reduction
Sometimes the amount of time that a sign is held is decreased or the hold is removed entirely.
Metathesis
Sometimes the beginning location and the ending location of a sign can change places.
Weak-Hand Deletion
Sometimes the passive hand is deleted in a two-handed sign.
What is never a predicate in ASL?
Subject
What is linguistics?
The study of language
How do babies narrow down to one language? Or do they?
They continue to repeat the sounds that they hear that are made to them by humans
Can refer to the past, future, and things that don't happen immediately
Unique to Languages
The weak hand anticipation rule ex
When the dominant hand anticipates the second sign in a compound
The weak hand anticipation rule
When the handshape of the second sign on non-dominant hand is already in place when the second sign is made during the first part of an ASL compound
Iconic Definition
When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have a clear relationship.
Reverse Iconic Definition
When the referent (object, idea, action, or modifying concept) and the word have no relationship that can be seen until one is explained to the user, then the relationship seems obvious.
Declaritive
YOU EAT MEAT EVERY-DAY YOU
Command
YOU GO (with direct eye contact and frowning)
YOU LIKE D-R J-I-M?
Yes-No question
YESTERDAY, TWO-WEEKS-AGO, NEXT-TWO-DAYS, STILL
adverbs
According to the Ted Talks video, at what age does the ability to acquire a first language begin to drop?
age 7
SIT (with direct eye contact and frowning
command
Signs that join words or phrases of the same category
conjunctions
Topicalization
eyebrows raised- topic in the front
Use of depiction, or indicating, depicting verbs, AT, IN, UNDER, BEHIND
prepositions
Conditionals
raised eyebrows, tilt, pause -if/then
The symbols can be broken down into smaller parts
unique to langauges
Change across time
unique to languges
Parts of the system must be learned by other users
unique to languges
Users can learn other variants of the same system
unique to languges
HOW DR JIM LEARN SAY PING PONG SAME-AS CHINESE?
wh-question
Do Deaf babies babble?
yes
DR JIM IN OFFICE NOW?
yes-no question