Linux Commands
to execute a program in your current directory, what would you type in front of the program name?
./
suppose you have extracted the files from software archive and are in the directory into which the files have been extracted. To create a Makefile with all the default values you would type _______
./configure
The ____ directory contains executables, which are the programs needed to start the system and perform other essential system tasks.
/bin
The ____ directory contains the kernel (operating system) images
/boot
The ____ directory contains the kernel (operating system) images.
/boot
If you plan to have multiple users access a system, you can create a ____ partition, which is the home directory for all users' directories.
/home
The head and tail commands, allow you to view the first few or last few lines of a file (____ lines by default).
10
Using the octal permission format, chmod ____________________ data , assigns read,write, and execute to owner; execute to group; and execute to other.
711
To append output to an existing file, you use ____.
>>
for COLORS in red blue green (A) echo $COLORS (B)
A: do B: done
Linux uses the freeware ____ shell as its default command interpreter.
Bash
You use the chexec command to indicate that a (shell script) file can be executed. (true or false)
FALSE
to increment the integer variable N by 1 you would type
N = $ [$N+1] or N = $ ((N+1))
the _______ variable provides a list of directory locations where UNIX or Linux looks to find executable scripts or programs
PATH
to add the directory "/home/bin" to your PATH, you would type
PATH="$PATH:/home/bin"
__________ are text files that contain sequences of UNIX/Linux commands
Shell scripts
A(n) ____ path begins at the root level and lists all subdirectories to the destination file.
absolute
You can use the ____ command to show the system calendar.
cal
The _____ statement simplifies the selection of a match when you have a list of choices
case
the command to view the contents of a small file is
cat
to display the contents of the "if.sh" with line numbers, you would type
cat -n if.sh
To navigate the UNIX/Linux directory structure, you use the ____ command.
cd
to change directory from your current directory to your parent directory you would type
cd ..
to modify file permissions, use the ______ command
chmod
_____ gives the owner read, write and execute permissions
chmod 755
_______ gives the owner read, write, and execute permissions
chmod 755
to determine whether two files are different, not how they are different, then use the ______ command
cmp
the command to copy a file is
cp
To reference a variable, you use a dollar sign ($) in front of it or enclose it in ___________
curly brackets {}
to see how two text files differ, use the _____ command
diff
name that identifies a grouping of computer resources on a network
domain
UNIX/Linux systems interpret ____ to mean the parent directory
dot dot (..)
If you plan to have multiple users accessing your system, you should consider having a /var partition in which to store some or all of the nonkernel operating system programs that are accessed by users. (true or false)
false
The less command scrolls only down, whereas more enables you to scroll down and up. (true or false)
false
UNIX/Linux are not case sensitive. (true or false)
false
The command to determine what type of contents a file contains is
file
use the ______ command to loop through a range of values
for
how do you stage files for a commit?
git add
What's the git command that downloads your repository from GitHub to your computer?
git clone
how do you supply a commit message to a commit
git commit -m "I'm coding"
What's the git command that downloads the latest version your repository from GitHub to an existing repository on your computer?
git fetch
What's the git command that lets you combine any changes you made on another computer with the version of your repository on your current computer?
git merge
What's the opposite of git clone, that instead of downloading your code from GitHub, uploads your changes and code back to GitHub
git push
To uncompress the compressed archive "software.tar.gz" you would type
gunzip software.tar.gz
to display the first 10 lines of a file, use the __________ command
head
You can use the -a option with the ls command to list ____________________ files.
hidden
to see a list of the command you have typed, use the _______ command
history
another name for server
host
base operating system
kernel
to pause the display while displaying the contents of large files, you can use the ______ command
less
You use the ____ command to display a directory's contents, including files and other directories.
ls
to list all the files in your current directory, including the hidden files, but without the file permissions, use the ______ command
ls -a
to list all the files in your current directory, including the hidden files and the file permission, use the ____________ command
ls -al
to list the files in your current directory including the permissions on the files use the _______ command
ls -l
to list the files in your current directory including the permissions on the files uses the ________ command
ls -l
large computer that has historically offered extensive processing, mass storage, and client access for industrial-strength computing
mainframe
Once the Makefile has been created, you can build the software by using the _________ command
make
to verify that there were no errors when building software from a Makefile, you can use the command
make check
the command to create a directory is
mkdir
UNIX and Linux are ____ systems, which allow one user to execute more than one program at a time.
multitasking
to change the name of file1 to file2 you would type
mv file1 file2
to move the file hello.sh from your current directory into a subdirectory named bin you would type
mv hello.sh bin
After you install Git and prior to issuing the first commit, which two configuration properties does git expect to be configured?
name and email address
combines the convenience and familiarity of the personal computer with the ability to share files and other computer resources
network
the command to change your password is
passwd
In shell scripts, comment lines begin with a(n) ____.
pound (#) symbol
in shell scripts, comment lines begin with a(n)
pound (#) symbol
the command to display the name of your current directory is
pwd
The _____ command stores the user's input in a variable
read
the ______ command stores the user's input in a variable
read
the command to remove a directory that contains files and/or subdirectories is
rm -rf
to remove a file named "data" from your current directory you would type
rm data
the command to remove an empty directory (folder) is
rmdir
account that has complete access to a UNIX/Linux system
root
provides multiuser access to network resources
server
with no options, ______ displays the current listing of Bash environment and shell script variables
set
interface between the user and the operating system
shell
_______ are text files that contain sequences of UNIX/Linux commands
shell scripts
suppose you have built a software package from a Makefile and verified that there were no errors. To install the software in a directory for which you do not have write permission you would type
sudo make install
The system administrator is also called the ____________________, because the system administrator has unlimited permission to alter the system.
superuser
to display the last 10 lines of a file, use the __________ command
tail
to extract the individual files from the archive "software.tar" you would type
tar -xvf software.tar
device that has a monitor and keyboard, but no CPU
terminal
echo -n "What is my favorite color? " read COLOR if ["$COLOR" = "red"] __________ echo "You guessed the right one!" else echo "No, that's not it." fi
then
A ____ is used to refer to the user's home directory.
tilde (~)
A directory is a special kind of file that can contain other files and directories. (true or false)
true
The clear command has no options or arguments. (true or false)
true
The rm -r command can be used to delete a directory that is not empty. (true or false)
true
The rm -r command can be used to delete a directory that is not empty. (true or false)
true
UNIX/Linux systems interpret a single dot character to mean the current working directory.
true
the clear command has no options or arguments (true or false)
true
the command cd source uses relative path addressing (true or false)
true
git config --global ________ [email protected]
user.email
git config --global ___________ "Jane Doe"
user.name
You can create a ____ partition to hold files that are created temporarily, such as files used for printing documents (spool files) and files used to record monitoring and administration data, often called log files.
var
to use vi to create a new file named "if.sh" you would type
vi if.sh
to display statistical information about a file, including the number of lines, words, and characters in the file, use the _______ command:
wc
the command to download a software archive from an Internet URL is _____
wget
To determine information about who is logged in, you can use the ____ command.
who
A(n) ____________________ is a special character that can stand for any other character or, in some cases, a group of characters.
wildcard