Intro to Sociology Donovan FSU MIDTERM

Apartheid is a specific example of a what system of social stratification?

Caste System

The idea that individuals can learns to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called

Different association theory

Which would sociologist consider the best definition of deviance?

A behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates norm & causes a negative reaction

How does one come to posses an achieved status

It is earned

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

It is the original group to which we belong

Norm violations that are codified into law

crime

What do sociologists claim is the most significant claim is the most significant component of culture?

Language

What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

Social Class

What is the sociological imagination?

A quality of the mind that allows us to understand the relationship b/w our individual circumstances and larger social forces.

A paradigm shift (a major break in the assumptions that are used to understand the world) is caused by

New data force new ways of looking at the world

A monetary fine, harsh words, and a raised fist are examples of ______

sanctions

Wat is a position in a social hierarchy called that comes with a set of expectations

status

Which is an example of something that would be part of a person's symbolic culture?

A rules/custom, broad social system, large- scale social pattern, signs gestures, language.

How is the term "master status" defined

Is always relevant & affects all other statuses we possess

What is the "scientific method or approach"?

The standard procedure for acquiring and verifying empirical (concrete, scientific) knowledge

What concept is the tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others?

Ethnocentrism

What factors can lead to increased group cohesion?

Cohesion tends to rely heavily on interpersonal factors such as shared values & demographic traits , and on the attraction to the group as whole or members' abilities to cooperate in achieving goals

How do sociologists distinguish a group from a crowd?

Crowd members don't have a sense of common identity

Why is it hard to recognize that the values and beliefs of your culture are learned rather than innate?

Due to ethnocentrism, we don't realize that culture is something learned and that there is nothing inherently better about ours

What do sociologists call awareness of our own and other class statuses?

Everyday class consciousness

Which of the following is not a subculture?

Ex-Korean Americans, senior citizens, snowboarders, white sox fans, greyhound owners, firefighters?'

Total institution applies to which of the following

Ex-prisons, cults and mental hospitals; individuals are cut off from rest of society

The analysis of documents (med records, song lyrics, etc) uses which of the following types of data?

Existing Sources

Which methodology most closely resembles the scientific method?

Experiments

What do sociologists call patterns of interactions between groups and individuals?

Group Dynamics

The social sciences are all those disciplines that study __________________________.

Human or Social world.

Goffman theorized social life as a type of game.. why did he call this process?

Impression Management

Appearance, manner, style of dress, race, gender, and age are all elements of _________.

Individual's personal front

Symbolic interactionism argues that people act toward things on the basis of their meaning. According to this perspective, how does meaning arise.

Interactions with others.

Although branding is no longer a form of punishment, some subcultures have adopted it as a form of body art. This demonstrates that:

It has become normal; the boundaries between beauty and deviance are fluid across time and place .

Several cases of children growing up in extreme isolation documented by kinglsey davis suggest that ______.

Most mental capacities....socialization is important and lasts our entire life

On any given day, we have to rely on many people to turn to electricity. According to Durkheim, this interdependence gives rise to ________ solidarity.

Organic

Which of the following is not a true statement about primary groups?

Primary groups are the people who are most important to our sense of self; members' relationship are typically characterized by face-to-face interaction, high levels, of cooperation, and intense feelings of belonging

Groups we use as standards to evaluate ourselves are called_____

Reference group

When a parent has to decide between being on time for work and helping their child with homework, they are experiencing ______

Role conflict

What did Merton call a prediction that came true only because a prediction was made?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Sociologists refer to the webs of direct and indirect ties connecting individuals to other who influence them as ________.

Social Network

When individuals are influenced by other member of the group is called ___________

Social influence

What are the tendencies, habits, and expectations that children inherit or learn from their parents that help them achieve material success in life?

Social reproduction

How is the study of the culture different for sociologists that anthropologists?

Sociologists usually study the culture they belong to

When writing questions for a survey, researchers must avoid all of the following except:

Surveys should avoid negative questions, leading questions, double-barreled questions, and bias

The looking-glass self explains_______

That the self develops through our peaception of others evalutions and appraisals of us.

Nature vs. Nurture debate helps us to understand ___________.

The complex interaction between hereditary traits and social learning.

What is socialization ?

The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society

How do Sociologists Observe Society?

Various parts of society and how they interact with each other.

What criteria does the social class use to stratify its members?

Wealth, property, power, and prestige

Traditionally, most of the sociological literature on deviance focuses

crime

In America, a married man with several mistresses is violating a _______, but if he is married to more than one more one woman, he is violating a _______.

norm; law