Linux Midterm Chapters 1-4
Which of the following options will change the ownership of files and directories recursively within a directory? (Choose all that apply.) -a -R --recursive --all
-R --recursive
Sandra needs to obtain the latest image of Fedora so that she can install it as a virtual machine on her Windows workstation. Which of the following file formats is Sandra likely to find available for download from Fedora's website that would allow her to use the file as the source for booting and installing Linux as a virtual machine? .zip .tar.gz .iso .tgz
.iso
Which two partitions (and associated filesystems) must be created on a storage device at minimum during a Linux installation? (Choose two.) / swap /boot /home
/ /home
Alexis is installing Linux on a new server system that will be used as a print server. Which directory should Alexis choose to create as a separate filesystem during the installation to ensure that the print server cannot use space on the / filesystem? /var /usr /home /opt
/var
Which of the following umask settings will result in new files receiving the default permissions rw-------? 177 600 188 688
177
At the vi command mode prompt, what key combination will force a quit from the vi editor without saving changes? :q :q! :exit :!
:q!
When issuing the ls -F command, what special character appended to the filename indicates that the file is a shortcut to another file? @ * & =
@
When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will change to insert mode and place the cursor at the end of the current line? i a I A
A
Which of the following are true of the echo command? When used to display text, quotation marks are optional. It can be used to display shell variables by including a $ sign in front of the variable name. Including a semicolon at the end of the line will not affect the text being displayed. All of the other options are true.
All of the other options are true
Web app developers must regularly push new versions of their containerized web apps to the cloud. What is this process called? CI build automation orchestration CD
CD
What key combination can a local Linux user use to switch to the tty5 terminal? Ctrl+5 F5 Ctrl+Alt+F5 \5
Ctrl+Alt+F5
Which of the following key combinations, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics? Alt+s Alt+x Ctrl+g Ctrl+P
Ctrl+g
What term refers to a person that manages the Linux components that allow developers to push new versions of their software to the cloud? orchestrator build automator integration specialist DevOp
DevOp
Which of the following software terms are equivalent? (Choose all that apply.) MIT FOSS OSS FLOSS
FOSS OSS FLOSS
What service provides a method for the efficient transfer of files over the Internet? FTP HTML SMTP Telnet
FTP
Dillon wants to install Fedora Linux on a workstation computer by booting from live installation media and has already downloaded the live media ISO image for Fedora. What software can Dillon use on his Windows PC to create a bootable USB flash drive from the live media ISO image? (Choose all that apply.) Fedora Media Writer disc burning software Windows Explorer balenaEtcher
Fedora Media Writer disc burning software balenaEtcher
When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will move to the last line in the document? G L P W
G
What stores the partition configuration on storage devices that are larger than 2TB in size? GUID GPT MBR QEMU
GPT
Which of the following is the greatest expense for companies using Linux? additional software operating system cost hiring people to maintain the Linux system software upgrades
Hiring people to maintain the Linux system
Andre uses an Apple laptop and wishes to install Linux within a virtual machine on macOS. Which of the following hypervisors can he install on macOS to create a Linux virtual machine? (Choose all that apply.) Hyper-V UTM KVM Parallels Desktop
Hyper-V UTM Parallels Desktop
Which of the following types of hardware are supported by the Linux operating system? (Choose all that apply.) IoT devices supercomputers Internet servers personal workstations
IoT devices supercomputers Internet servers personal workstations
What Linux distribution is commonly used by cybersecurity professionals because it is packaged with several security-related tools? Kali Arch Ubuntu Gentoo
Kali
Amir is unfamiliar with Linux and would like to obtain physical help installing Linux on his laptop computer. What resource would best suit Amir's needs? online forum LUG Linux information website social media website
LUG
What two Linux distributions utilize the Debian package manager by default? Red Hat openSUSE Linux Mint Ubuntu
Linux Mint Ubuntu
Which of the following services does an MTA provide? web mail DNS certificate
Which of the following types of cloud delivery models would a containerized web app be considered? SaaS PaaS IaaS MaaS
Paas
From what common Linux distribution is the Fedora Linux distribution derived? Mandrake SuSE Debian Red Hat
Red Hat
Which of the following are features of open source software (OSS)? (Choose all that apply.) Software is developed through widespread collaboration. Software bugs are fixed quickly. Software features evolve based on users' needs. The cost of the software is based on the number of software packages installed
Software is developed through widespread collaboration. Software bugs are fixed quickly. Software features evolve based on users' needs.
If enough unique letters of a directory name have been typed, what key can be pressed to activate the BASH shell's completion feature? Alt Tab Ctrl Esc
Tab
During a Fedora Linux installation, Harvey notices that the system has automatically configured a small nvme0n1p1 partition with a vfat filesystem. Why did the system create this partition? The computer has a UEFI BIOS. The NVMe storage device uses an MBR. The NVMe storage device uses a GPT. The computer has a standard BIOS.
The computer has a standard
If a hard link is created to a file and then the original file is deleted, which of the following is true? Both the original file and the hard link are removed. An error message will be displayed preventing the deletion of the original file. The original file will be removed while the hard link remains, though the content will not be accessible. The original file will be removed while the hard link remains usable to access the contents of the file.
The original file will be removed while the hard link remains usable to access the contents of the file.
Which of the following information does the stat command display about a file? (Choose all that apply.) The time a file was created The file size The last time a file was accessed The last time the contents of a file were modified
The time a file was created The file size The last time a file was accessed The last time the contents of a file were modified
What would be the result of running the command chown :root file1.txt? This would set the owner of file1.txt to root. This would set the group ownership of file1 to root. This would set the owner and group ownership of file1 to root. This would keep the current ownership of the file, and add root as a second owner of the file.
This would set the group ownership of file1 to root.
In Linux, the core component of the GUI is known as: GNOME KDE X Windows Red Hat
X Windows
What metacharacter is used to perform command substitution? @ ^ & `
`
Which of the following types of encryption uses a pair of keys known as public and private? symmetric asymmetric SHA1 hashing message digest
asymmetric
A calendar for the current month can be shown on the command line by issuing which command? date cal w id
cal
In order to move from the /home/joe/test/data directory to the /home/joe directory, what command should be issued? cd .. cd ../.. /home/joe cd ./..
cd ../..
Which of the following commands change the current directory using an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.) cd / cd .. cd Desktop cd /etc
cd /
Which of the following commands can be used to ensure that no user on the system, including the root user, can modify the contents of the securedata.bin file? chmod 000 securedata.bin setfacl -b securedata.bin chattr +i securedata.bin chown nobody:nobody securedata.bin
chattr +i securedata.bin
Which of these commands will set the following permissions on file1.txt?User = Read, Write, ExecuteGroup = Read, ExecuteOthers = Read chmod o=rwx,g=rx,u=r file1.txt chmod u=rwx,g=rx,u=r file1.txt chmod 754 file1.txt chmod 321 file2.txt
chmod u=rwx,g=rx,u=r file1.txt chmod 754 file1.txt
The United States Air Force was able to install Linux on a popular gaming console and then connect over 1,700 of these systems together to work as one big supercomputer. Which of the following types of technologies did they implement? herding cloud computing group computing clustering
clustering
What type of software license does Linux adhere to? permissive freeware closed source copyleft
copyleft
What are services running on a Linux server called? daemons service apps containers threads
darmons
What piece of software tells the operating system how to use a specific hardware device? graphical user interface system service device driver user interface
device driver
Kate wants to compare two text files to identify what might have been changed from one version to another. Which of the following commands can she use to do this? match document1.txt document2.txt version --compare document1.txt document2.txt compare document1.txt document2.txt diff document1.txt document2.txt
diff document1.txt document2.txt
Lynn runs the locate command and the results include many files from a directory that she doesn't want to include in her search. Which of the following files could Lynn modify so that the locate command no longer includes those results? /etc/locate.d/updatedb.conf /etc/locate.conf /etc/updatedb.conf /etc/locatedb.conf
etc/updatedb.conf
After a shell is no longer needed, what command can be given to exit the shell? exit stop reset quit
exit
What command is most effective at identifying different types of files? ls -F ls -l ll file
file
The current directory contains eight project files named project1.txt through project8.txt. Which of the following commands will display the file type for all project files in the current directory except for project2.txt and project7.txt? file project1,3-6,8* file project[&27]* file project(1,3-6,8)* file project[!27]*
file project[!27]
The iptables and nftables software on Linux is an example of what kind of software? routing anti-virus firewall proxy
firewall
What term is used to refer to a specific variety of UNIX? distribution version flavor platform
flavor
Which of the following terms describes a type of useful and legitimate software that is distributed by a developer at no charge and with no source code? shareware freeware malware tryware
freeware
Chase is trying to extract records for employees 423 through 428 out of a comma separated values file that starts with the employee number. Which of the following commands would accomplish this? (Choose all that apply.) grep 423,424,425,426,427,428 employees.csv grep "^42[3-8]" employees.csv grep "423-428" employees.csv grep "[423-428]" employees.csv
grep "^42[3-8]" employees.csv
Which of the following commands will display lines that start with Label in all .conf files in the /etc/selinux directory? grep "^Label" /etc/selinux/*.conf grep "^Label" /etc/selinux/conf$ grep 'Label$' /etc/selinux/*.conf grep 'Label$' /etc/selinux/conf$
grep "^Label" /etc/selinux/*.conf
Garrett wants to search through a csv file to find all rows that have either the name John or Bob in them and display them out to the terminal. Which of the following commands could Garrett use to perform this search? grep -E "(John|Bob)" salesemployees.csv grep (John|Bob) salesemployees.csv grep -E (John|Bob) salesemployees.csv egrep (John|Bob) salesemployees.csv
grep -E "(John|Bob)" salesemployees.csv
Jo has received a text file that contains multiple instances of his name spelled correctly as well as multiple instances spelled as Joe. Which of the following commands would search a text file for any occurrences of either spelling and display them out to the terminal? (Choose three.) grep "Joe?" document1.txt grep -E "Joe?" document1.txt grep "Joe*" document1.txt grep -E "Joe*" document1.txt
grep -E "Joe?" document1.txt grep "Joe*" document1.txt grep -E "Joe*" document1.txt
Which of the following commands will not interpret regular expressions, which translates into faster results being returned? (Choose all that apply.) grep grep -F egrep fgrep
grep -F fgrep
What culture led to the development of free and open source software, from which Linux is derived? hacker UNIX free software cracker
hacker
Which of the following commands can be used to display help for the exit shell function? man exit help exit info exit exit -h
help exit
What common software component do all Linux distributions share at minimum? compiler kernel package manager X Windows
kernel
Which of the following commands will create a symbolic link named foo.txt to an original file named bar.txt? ln bar.txt foo.txt ln foo.txt bar.txt ln -s bar.txt foo.txt ln -h foo.txt bar.txt
ln -s bar.txt foo.txt
Which of the following indicate a symbolic link when displayed with the ls -l command? -rw-r--r-- srwxrwxrwx lrwxrwxrwx srw-r--r--
lrwxrwxrwx
Which of the following will display a list of files and directories under the /bin directory? (Choose all that apply.) file /bin ls -R /bin tree /bin tree -d /bin
ls -R /bin tree /bin
Wayne is using the command line and is in his home directory. Which of the following will display a list of all files and their sizes from his home directory? (Choose two.) ls -ax ls -al ~ ls -ax ~ ls -al /home/wayne
ls -al ~ ls -al /home/wayne
Jamie has created a hard link to another file within the same directory. Which of the following commands can he use to verify that the hard link was created correctly? (Choose all that apply.) ls -il ls -i ls -l ls -al
ls -il ls -i
Select the command that can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a directory: ls -t ls -L ls -F ls -l
ls -l
The apropos list command produces the same results as which command below? man -j list man -k list man -l list man -m list
man -k list
To learn more about the syntax of the logrotate file, Tristan executes the man logrotate command. However, the manual page for the logrotate command is displayed instead. What command can Tristan use to view the manual page for the logrotate file? man -k logrotate man 8 logrotate man -f logrotate man 5 logrotate
man 5 logrotate
Dustin runs a command at the command line trying to find out what kernel version the system is running. However, it doesn't give him the information he needs. He knows there is an option that can be used to display the kernel version. How can he find out which option to use? ver --help help version man uname lsproc -?
man uname
After installing a new Linux system, Joel attempts to search the manual pages by keyword but no results are displayed. What command should Joel run to remedy the issue? makewhatis mandb info man -k
mandb
Mindy wants to create a new subdirectory at ~/2023projects/projectx/projectplans to start storing the initial project plans for projectx. However, this is the first project she has worked on in 2023 and the 2023projects directory does not exist yet. Which of the following commands will create the higher level directories if they do not already exist? mkdir -r ~/2023projects/project/projectplans mkdir -p ~/2023projects project/projectplans mkdir --all ~/2023projects/project/projectplans mkdir -v ~/2023projects/project/projectplans
mkdir -p ~/2023projects project/projectplans
What commands can be used to view a large text file interactively, page-by-page? (Choose all that apply.) more cat page less
more less
Jim wants to rename a directory for a project that he has been working on. Which of the following commands can he use to perform that action? mv projectx projecty rn projectx projecty ren projectx projecty move projectx projecty
mv projectx projecty
Which of the following are valid file types in Linux? (Choose all that apply.) named pipes directories linked files special device files
named pipes directories linked files special device files
Which of the following text editors is easy to use and favored by new Linux users as a result? vi emacs vim nano
nano
When using command-line terminal, specific letters that start with a dash ("-") and appear after command names are considered to be: arguments options POSIX options metacharacters
options
Which of the following commands can be used to immediately power off a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.) shutdown -H now poweroff shutdown -h now halt
poweroff shutdown -h now
Louise has accidentally added an unnecessary metacharacter to a command that she executed and receives a secondary prompt that requires additional input. What can Louise do to cancel her command and return to a regular BASH shell prompt? press Ctrl+c execute the reset command execute the exit command execute the clear command
press Ctrl+c
Which of the following types of servers can be used to cache requested Internet resources so that they can be more quickly delivered to users requesting the same resource while at the same time reducing the burden on the external network connection to the Internet for an organization? file server DNS server proxy server DHCP server
proxy server
Mike has changed his current directory several times and has lost track of his location in the directory tree. Which of the following commands can he use to tell him the full path to the current directory he is in? cd - pwd cwd ls -dir
pwd
When viewing the version number for a modern Linux kernel, what number indicates that it is a development kernel? major number revision number minor number release candidate number
release candidate number
Which of the following commands will delete a directory and all of the files contained within it? rm olddir rmdir olddir rm -rf olddir rmdir -rf olddir
rm -rf olddir
Which of the following are valid permissions for a directory where the command chmod 1777 has been used to set the permissions on it? rwxrwxrwt rwxrwxrwx rwsrwsrwt rwxrwxrwT
rwxrwxrwt
Which storage device name refers to the third partition on the second SAS SSD in a system? sdc3 sdb2 sdb3 sdc2
sdb3
Which of the following job roles are most likely to use Linux on their workstation computer? software developers accountants graphic artists Windows server administrators
software developers
Abdul wishes to view the contents of a binary data file in his home directory to learn more about what program was used to create it. Which of the following commands would allow Abdul to safely view the contents of this file? strings file grep cat
strings
In order to perform a series of commands as the root user, Parth would like to switch from his user account to the root user account in his current terminal. What commands can Parth execute to achieve this? (Choose all that apply.) su su - su - root su root
su su - su - root su root
Sumbul has installed a new Fedora Linux system and configured a user account for herself. What command can she run to set a password for the root user? passwd set-root passwd --set-root sudo passwd root
sudo passwd root
Which of the following can be used for virtual memory on a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.) swap partition swap disk swap file zswap
swap partition swap file zswap
To display a text file in reverse order, what command should be used? cat tac tee sed
tac
What command can be used to display the last five lines of a text file? end -5 head -5 cat -n 5 tail -5
tail -5
An archive of files that usually contains source code or scripts that can be used to install software is referred to as a: router package manager DBMS tarball
tarball
Jayme is currently using a command-line terminal on a Linux server that does not have a GUI installed. He would like to run commands within separate BASH shells in the terminal and observe the output of all commands on the same screen. What program could Jayme use to obtain and view multiple BASH shells simultaneously within his current terminal? tmux terminfo screen termx
tmux
Which of the following commands can be used to update the last modified timestamp on a file, or if the file specified does not exist will create the file? update file.txt updatets file.txt touch file.txt stamp file.txt
touch file.txt
Ayushi needs to reboot a Linux system in 10 minutes. She wants to first warn any logged on users to save their work and log off prior to the reboot. What command can Ayushi use? echo uname wall apb
wall
Which of the following commands will return the absolute path on the filesystem to the grep binary executable? (Choose all that apply.) which grep whereis grep type grep find grep
which grep whereis grep
Which Linux command can be utilized to display your current login name? who whoami id w
whoami
What BASH shell prompt does the root user receive? ? % # $
#
Select the regular expression metacharacter that matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character. * ? + ^
*
