Linux
3 Forms of quoting
" ", ' ', \
what character indicates a command was used by an admin
#
How is it possible to determine if an executable file is a shell script read by Bash?
#!/bin/bash
iwlist
can identify nearby wireless networks
You have been asked to create a script will present the user with a onboard menu in which they can select 4 different commands to run by entering 1, 2, 3, or 4. Which of the following statements should you use to create the simplest and most effective method of choosing the command to run based on the user's input?
case
What command is used to change the group ownership of a file?
chgrp
history -c
clears the history
How can the normal output of a command be written to a file while discarding the error output?
command > file 2>/dev/null
Which of the following is true about environment variable names by convention?
contains all capital letters
cp -r
copies directories, files, subcontent all of it
cp
copy a file or directory
mkdir -p
creates a folder and subfolder if needed
tar cf
creates tar file
Copying text in command line
ctrl, shift and C
cd . shows what?
current directory
Which directory contains all of the installed kernels on your system and their needed drivers
/boot
used as a virtual or pseudo filesystem to provide a tree of all of the device nodes and drivers in the running kernel
/dev
where are config files stored
/etc
Which file contains a list of the user's secondary groups?
/etc/group
Which directory contains the files and directories automatically copied over to a new user's home directory when the account is first created?
/etc/skel
virtual or pseudo filesystem used to interface with the kernel and process
/proc
Which of the following is used as a virtual or pseudo filesystem used to interface with the kernel and system as a whole but not with individual processes?
/sys
Where should temporary files be stored on a Linux system that can be safely deleted during a reboot?
/tmp
where linux stores most of its log files
/var/log
Descriptor number used to represent the Standard In (STDIN)?
0
If the last command was ran successfully what will the echo $? command show
0
root user UID
0
Descriptor number used to represent the Standard Out
1
Package managers for Debian
APT-GET, APT, DPKG
2>>
Adds the standard errors to the existing file
Open source web server
Apache
HTTP server apps for Linux
Apache, Nginx, lighttpd
iwconfig
Can connect to and disconnect from specific wireless networks
Linux OS project that uses Red Hat code but provides no support
CentOS
General command structure
Command (What to do?) > Options (How to do it?) > Arguments (What to do with it?)
C and Java are what kind of languages
Compiled
Compiled and interpreted language difference
Compiled needs a compiler and is faster
practice of offering people the right to freely distribute copies and modified versions of a work with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in derivative works created later
Copyleft
2>
Creates a standard error file
American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share
Creative Commons
3 Package formats
DEB, RTM, TAR
cut command
Extracts specified lines of text from a file.
.rpm used by
Fedora, Opensuse
Globbing
Filename expansion using asterisks (*), question marks (?), and so on is sometimes called globbing.
FHS
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
What does the term GPL stand for?
General Public License
2 Major desktop linux enviroments
Gnome, KDE
command line tool to convert and edit image files
ImageMagick
Libreoffice version of powerpoint
Impress
vector graphics software for linux
Inkscape
Programming language mainly associated with portable
Java
Programming used with web pages, servers, mobile devices
Javascript
what does LAMP (web server) stand for
Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
2 variables
Local (current shell process) and Environmental (built in ones)
Lossless vs Lossy
Lossless can be decompressed from the original form, lossy cannot but is hardly noticeable
DB apps for Linux
MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL
2 parameters after a command
Options (switches starts with a -) and Arguments
Server side scripting language
PHP
Programming language used mostly with text content
Perl
Open source mail server
Post-Fix
dmesg
Print kernel & driver messages
Popular programming app used with beginners
Python
name given to the action of protecting shell meta-characters from being treated specially by the shell
Quoting
Package managers for RPM
RPM, YUM, DNF
Which Linux distribution is used as a basis for the creation of Scientific Linux?
RedHat
The ? wildcard
Represents a single character Ex. b??l = ball,bowl
The * wildcard
Represents any string of characters Ex. b*l = bol, biidddl
Which of the following information can be displayed by top?
Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption
Linux distrib that is known for YaST config tool to allow admins to install and configure software and hardware, servers, networks
SUSE
Variable naming rules
Starts with a letter, no spaces (underscores instead), and no punctuation marks
Most common archiving tool
TAR
Universal linux package format
TGZ
.deb used by
Ubuntu
printenv command
Used to display a list of exported variables and functions present in the current shell.
3 Linux hypervisors
Xen, KVM, VirtualBox
Which string should you add to put the date into the prompt of the shell?
\d
Searching for program with apt
apt-cache search or apt search
Installing with apt
apt-get install 'name' or apt install 'name'
Uninstalling with apt
apt-get remove 'name or apt remove 'name;
.tar used by
archlinux and slackware
Audio player programs for Linux
audacious, banshee, amarok
Which command is used to provide information about a user's identity, including the names of the groups that the user belongs to?
id
Command that gives you more depth than man
info
More detailed than man and is formatted like a web page
info
mv
move a file or directory
Which of the following displays network connections for Transmission Control Protocol, routing tables, and a number of network interface and network protocol statistics?
netstat
Types of shells
bash, zsh, ksh, tcsh
Commands to resolve an ip to a dns name
nslookup, dig, host
Location of a hard link
origname linkname
Which of the following is a suite of client-server software for creating and using file hosting services?
ownCloud
Web sharing files apps for Linux
ownCloud, Nextcloud
Which of the following provides the correct syntax to search for lines ending with the given pattern using the grep command?
pattern$
pwd
present working directory
What statement is used to get input from the terminal when a shell script is being run?
read
grep -r
recursive search
What does the "rm -rf" command do in Linux?
remove all files in the directory and sub-directories
Removing a directory and it's subs and files
rm -r
Removing an empty directory and empty sub directories
rmdir -p
A Linux computer currently has no access to the internet. Which command is used to display and manipulate the information about the network gateway for the system?
route
grep -c
search counts the # of matches
grep -i
search is not case sensitive
apropros
searches manual pages for keywords
RHEL and CentOS are optimized for what environments
server
What column tells the "w" program which session is running?
what
What command can be used to find man pages that exist for a given command?
whatis
What command can be used to find the executable and man pages that exist for a given command?
whereis
Which of the following commands can search for executable programs or scripts located in the PATH variable?
which
Installing with rpm
yum install name or dnf install name
Uninstalling with rpm
yum remove 'name or dnf remove 'name'
Searching with rpm
yum search 'name or dnf search 'name'
Location of a symbolic link
-s origname link
Option with useradd that will create the default home directory for the new user
useradd -m
tar tf
views contents of a tarball
Listing all of the variables of a command
$ followed by tab twice
tar options don't require what character?
-
option used to get info on a command
-help
which option causes the echo command to not have a trailing newline
-n
Which option can be used with useradd to create a new user without a home directory?
-M
Which of the following options is used with tar to create a new .tar archive file?
-c
Which option can be used with tail to print the last X bytes of a file to the screen?
-c
Which option can be used with useradd to specify the home directory for a user?
-d
Which of the following options is used with tar to specify the filename of the tar archive?
-f
Which option can be used with tail to print the last 10 lines of a file and then keep printing any new lines that may be added continuously
-f
Regular users on linux start with what number
1000 and then plus 1 for every user after
Year Linus created Linux
1991
Which of the following statements would be used for sending both standard output and standard error to the same location?
2>&1
default permission for a script
664
Wildcards
?, *, []
2 Linux password managers
Bitwarden, keePass
3d rendered linux program
Blender
Programming language usually associated with OS
C
computer program that runs as a background process rather than under the direct control of an interactive user
daemon
top
detailed processes
What is the command that will show system boot time messages?
dmesg
What keyword should be used to fill in the blank in the following segment of the given shell script? for i in *; _____ cat $i done
do
To determine if the last command run on a system was successful, which command should be executed?
echo $?
Which of the following commands would be used to display the value of the HOME variable to the terminal's display?
echo $HOME
Which command shows all of the directories that the shell searches for programs?
echo $PATH
test | lizard
either of the words
$
end of a line
Which of the following files contains a mapping of IP addresses to URLs locally on your Linux machine?
etc/hosts
Which command is used to make a shell variable known to subsequently executed programs?
export
tar xvf
extracts a single file
tar xf
extracts the files
How can the current directory and its subdirectories be searched for in the file named MyFile.xml?
find . -name MyFile.xml
grep
finding text inside files
Which command-line tool will create a filename that ends in .gz?
gzip
What command shows history
history
free
how much memory is being used
Which of the following is the filesystem for a CD-ROM?
isofs
Which of the following commands can be used to determine the time of the last login of a given user?
last
Command to view one page at a time
less
Command for creating symbolic link
ln -s
Which network interface always exists in a Linux system?
lo (loopback interface)
Command for a recursive listing view
ls -R
Which of the following commands is used to show the information about a directory or a symbolic link?
ls -d
Which command can be used to search help files that mention the word "copy"?
man -k copy
[^a-z]
matches any character not in this range
grep -v
shows lines that do not match
ps
shows processes
^
start of a line
Difference between su and sudo command
sudo is only used for one command at a time
Which of the following options is used with tar to display the tar command's progress during execution?
tar -v
Which of the following is used to untar a tar archive file
tar -x
What does the letter t at the end of drwxrwxrwt indicate within the following directory permissions? drwxrwxrwt 14 root root 36864 2012-03-02 11:17 /tmp
the directory is globally writeable but only the owner can delete their own files in the directory
reverse DNS
the ip address reversed and then.in-addr.arpa
Which of the following is the UNIX device name for a physical or virtual terminal connection?
tty
Which of the following commands can be used to change default permissions for files and directories at the time of creation?
umask