Linux Terminology
Both aliases and functions can be used to store commands that can be executed, but functions can also accept positional parameters. True or False?
True
Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. True or False?
True
Which command causes the system to enter Single User Mode? a. init 0 b. init 1 c. init 6 d. initstate 5
b. init 1
How do you indicate a comment line in a shell script? a. There are no comment lines in a shell script. b. Begin the line with #!. c. Begin the line with !. d. Begin the line with #.
d. Begin the line with #.
After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose filename begins with a dot ( . ). What does this mean? a. It is a binary file. b. It is a system file. c. It is a file in the current directory. d. It is a hidden file.
d. It is a hidden file.
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"XOR" symbol
Which of the following describes a computer that is used to access an iSCSI hard disk across the network? a. iSCSI target b. iSCSI requestor c. iSCSI initiator d. iSCSI terminator
c. iSCSI initiator
Which process has a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0? a. the kernel itself b. ps c. init/systemd d. top
c. init/systemd
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"NOR" symbol
Developmental kernels
A Linux kernel that has been recently developed yet not thoroughly tested.
Character devices typically transfer data more quickly than block devices. True or False?
False
DM-MPIO can be configured to provide multiple, redundant connections to data stored on a SAN. True or False?
False
If you boot your computer from Linux live media, you will be able to use a fully functional Linux system prior to installing Linux on permanent storage. True or False?
False
The less command offers less functionality than the more command. True or False?
False
To kill a process running in the background, you must place a % character before its process ID. True or False?
False
The GNU General Public License (GPL) was developed by which organization?
Free Software Foundation (FSF)
Linux adheres to the:
GNU GPL (General Public License)
major number
The first number prior to the first dot used to identify a Linux kernel version. It is used to denote a major change or modification. (i.e 4.17.6 --4 would be the major#)
revision number
The number after the second dot in the version number of a Linux kernel, which identifies the certain release number of a kernel.
As daemon processes are not associated with terminals, you must use an option such as -e alongside the ps command to view them. True or False?
True
System Services
are the applications that handle system-related tasks such as printing, scheduling programs and managing network access.
What kill level signal cannot be trapped? a. 1 b. 9 c. 3 d. 15
b. 9
Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SAS hard disk within Linux? a. hdb2 b. sda3 c. hdb3 d. sdb3
b. sda3
After you log in to a terminal, you receive a user interface called a _________. a. GUID b. shell c. text box d. command screen
b. shell
What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately (pg 82 )? a. shutdown -c b. shutdown -r c. down d. halt
b. shutdown -r
Which type of RAID can be entirely configured during the Linux installation process? a. hardware RAID b. software RAID c. firmware RAID d. serial RAID
b. software RAID
What does the /var directory contain? a. various additional programs b. spools and log files c. temporary files d. files that are architecture-independent e. local variance devices
b. spools and log files
Which directory stores most UNIX SysV rc scripts? a. /etc/rc5.d b. /etc/rc.d c. /etc/init.d d. /usr/local/systemd
c. /etc/init.d
You want to view log files to get information about a problem that occurred during a Linux installation. In which directory will you likely find the log files? a. /root/log b. /sys/log c. /var/log d. /etc/log
c. /var/log
Which runlevel halts the system? a. 1 b. 6 c. 0 d. 5
c. 0
Which of the following is not a type of RAID? a. hardware RAID b. software RAID c. firmware RAID d. serial RAID
d. serial RAID
Which command can be used to repair an XFS filesystem? a. fsck -t xfs /dev/sdb1 b. e2fsck /dev/sdb1 c. fsck.xfs /dev/sdb1 d. xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
d. xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
How can you protect a metacharacter (such as the $ character) from shell interpretation (pg 75)? a. Precede it with a /. b. Follow it with a \. c. Precede it with a $. d. It cannot be done because metacharacters are essential. e. Precede it with a \.
e. Precede it with a \.
Linux is referred to as a:
multiuser and multitasking operating system.
OSS
open source software
Source code
the list of instructions that a software developer writes to make up a program
Freeware
the software program is distributed free of charge, yet the source code is unavailable.
If a user's current directory is /home/ mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under the root? a. cd .. b. cd /home/mary/etc c. cd etc d. cd /etc e. cd \etc
d. cd /etc
Users enter commands directly to the kernel of the Linux operating system. True or False (pg 68)?
False
ZFS volumes are mounted at boot time from entries within /etc/fstab by default. True or False?
False
Which of the following is an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.) a. Home/resume b. C:\myfolder\resume c. resume d. /home/resume e. C:home/resume
a. Home/resume b. C:\myfolder\resume
When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission _________. a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory, and not the entity that created them b. cannot be used, because it is applied only to files c. allows users the ability to use more than two groups for files that they create within the directory d. causes users to have their permissions checked before they are allowed to access files in the directory
a. causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory, and not the entity that created them
You plug a USB flash memory drive into a system that has two SATA hard disks. How will the partition on this USB flash memory drive be identified by Linux? a. /dev/sda1 b. /dev/sda2 c. /dev/sdb1 d. /dev/sdc1
d. /dev/sdc1
Which file does the UNIX SysV init daemon reference on startup to determine the default runlevel? a. /etc/initstate b. /inittab c. /etc/init d. /etc/inittab
d. /etc/inittab
To which directory will the test ZFS volume from the previous question be mounted by the ZFS system? a. /mnt/test b. /media/test c. /zfs/test d. /test
d. /test
After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean? a. It is a hidden file. b. It is a linked file. c. It is a special device file. d. It is an executable file.
d. It is an executable file.
Which of the following commands will most likely increase the chance of a process receiving more time slices? a. renice 0 b. renice 15 c. renice -12 d. renice 19
c. renice -12
How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor? a. Press the Ctrl1Alt1Del keys simultaneously. b. Press the Del key. c. Type a : character. d. Press the Esc key
d. Press the Esc key
Which assistive technology will make a desktop environment more accessible to a person with low vision? a. High Contrast b. Visual Alerts c. Repeat Keys d. Click Assist
a. High Contrast
Which prompt does the root user receive when logged in to the system (pg 69)? a. $ b. @ c. # d. !
c. #
What must you do to successfully run the fsck command on a filesystem? a. Run the fsck command with the -u option to automatically unmount the filesystem first. b. Choose yes when warned that running fsck on a mounted filesystem can cause damage. c. Unmount the filesystem. d. Ensure that the filesystem is mounted.
c. Unmount the filesystem.
Which command entered without arguments is used to display a list of processes running in the current shell? a. pgrep b. list c. pid d. ps
d. ps
BTRFS filesystems do not need to be checked for errors as they are resilient to data corruption. True or False?
False
Which of the following operators reverses the meaning of a test statement? a. #! b. -o c. -a d. !
d. !
What is the default shell in Linux called (pg 67)? a. SH b. BSH c. CSH d. BASH
d. BASH
A symbolic link is also known as a soft link and is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command. True or False?
False
After a partition on a hard disk is formatted with a filesystem, all partitions on that hard disk drive must use the same filesystem. True or False?
False
Linux operating system is called the:
Linux kernel
production kernels
Modern Linux kernels that have a major, minor, and revision number
minor number
The second number following the first dot in the number used to identify a Linux kernel version, denoting a minor modification. (i.e., 4.17.16 --17 is the minor#)
Closed Source Software
The software whose source code is not freely available from the original author; Windows 7, Apple, and Electronic Arts (EA), for example.
A directory is a type of file. True or False?
True
A for construct is a loop construct that processes a specified list of objects. As a result, it is executed as long as there are remaining objects to process. True or False?
True
Which prompt do regular users receive when logged in to the system? a. $ b. @ c. # d. !
a. $
Which of the following lines can be used to perform command substitution within a shell script? (Choose all that apply.) a. 'command' b. ${command} c. ${!command} d. $(command)
a. 'command' d. $(command)
Which two partitions do you typically create at minimum during a Fedora Linux installation (pg 63)? (Choose two answers.) a. / b. /boot c. swap d. /home
a. / c. swap
In what directory is Stage 2 of the GRUB2 boot loader stored? a. /boot b. /root c. /bin d. /
a. /boot
Which of the following files is always executed immediately after any user logs in to a Linux system and receives a BASH shell? a. /etc/profile b. ~/.bash_profile c. ~/.bash_login d. ~/.profile
a. /etc/profile
What is the name of the directory that contains symbolic links to UNIX SysV rc scripts for runlevel 2? a. /etc/rc2.d b. /etc/init.d/rc2.d c. /etc/runlevel/2 d. /etc/inittab/rc2/d
a. /etc/rc2.d
When sitting at a computer running Linux, what key combination do you press to open the graphical terminal (pg 69) ? a. Ctrl+Alt+G b. Ctrl+Alt+F4 c. Ctrl+Alt+F1 d. Ctrl+7
c. Ctrl+Alt+F1
Which command would a user type on the command line to find out the current directory in the directory tree? a. pd b. cd c. where d. pwd
d. pwd
Because stderr and stdout represent the results of a command and stdin represents the input required for a command, only stderr and stdout can be redirected to/from a file. True or False?
False
Linux commands entered via the command line are not case sensitive (pg 71). True or False?
False
There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file, and the other means that it is on a directory. True or False?
False
Which of the following RAID levels is not fault tolerant? a. RAID 0 b. RAID 1 c. RAID 4 d. RAID 5
a. RAID 0
After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output: -rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 What does this mean? a. User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file. b. Members of the root group have read and write, user1 has read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file. c. All users have read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and user1 has read permissions to the file. d. User1 has read and write, all others have read and execute, and members of the root group have read permissions to the file.
a. User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file.
Which two implementations of X Windows are commonly used in Linux? (Choose two answers.) a. X.org b. XFCE c. winX d. Wayland
a. X.org d. Wayland
What command is used to view and modify user jobs scheduled to run with cron? a. crontab b. cron c. ps d. sched
a. crontab
The first daemon loaded on a Linux system is _________. a. initstate b. inittab c. init d. linux
c. init
When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, _________. a. only the data in the file you modified is affected b. only the data in the file you modified and any hard-linked files in the same directory are affected c. the data in the file you modified and the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they have different inodes d. the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size
d. the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size
Nice values are used to affect process priorities using a range between _________. a. 0 and 20 b. 0 and -19 c. −19 and 20 d. −20 and 19
d. −20 and 19
A user types the command head / poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen? a. the first line of the file mary b. the header for the file mary c. the first 20 lines of the file mary d. the last 10 lines of the file mary e. the first 10 lines of the file mary
e. the first 10 lines of the file mary
Hard links need to reside on the same filesystem as the target, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same filesystem as the target. True or False?
True
The lvextend command can be used to add unused space within a volume group to an existing logical volume. True or False?
True
The sed and awk commands are filter commands commonly used to format data within a pipe. True or False?
True
Shareware
A copyrighted software that can be sampled before it is purchased.
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"And" symbol
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"NAND" symbol
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"NOT" symbol
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR/XOR
"Or" symbol
What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for Linux? a. FSH b. X.500 c. FHS d. root directory
a. FSH
To install Linux within a virtual machine, you can specify the path to an ISO image that contains the Linux installation media within virtualization software without having to first write the ISO image to a DVD or a USB flash drive (pg 54/55). True or False?
True
Linux servers are typically installed in a rack using rackmount server hardware. Which of the following describes the minimum height of a rackmount server? a. 1U b. Series A c. Type A d. Level 5
a. 1U
Which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.) a. If /etc/at.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the at command. b. If /etc/cron.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the cron command. c. If /etc/cron.deny exists and /etc/cron. allow does not exist, any user not listed in /etc/cron.deny can use the cron command. d. If /etc/cron.allow and /etc/cron.deny exist, only users listed in the former can use the cron command, and any users listed in the latter are denied access to the cron command. e. If a user is listed in both /etc/cron. allow and /etc/cron.deny, then /etc/ cron.deny takes precedence and the user cannot access the crontab command.
a. If /etc/at.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the at command. b. If /etc/cron.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the cron command. c. If /etc/cron.deny exists and /etc/cron. allow does not exist, any user not listed in /etc/cron.deny can use the cron command.
What does &> accomplish when entered on the command line after a command? a. It redirects both stderr and stdout to the same location. b. It does not accomplish anything. c. It redirects stderr and stdin to the same location. d. It appends stdout to a file.
a. It redirects both stderr and stdout to the same location.
When viewing the output of the lsmod command, you notice several modules that start with vmw. What does this indicate? a. Linux is running as a guest operating system. b. Device drivers need to be installed on your system. c. There is no virtual memory in your system. d. The system is running the KVM hypervisor.
a. Linux is running as a guest operating system.
You noticed a file in your home directory that has a 1 symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate? a. Special permissions have been set on the file. b. The file has one or more files on the filesystem that are hard-linked to it. c. The sticky bit directory permission has been set on the file and will remain inactive as a result. d. Additional entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfacl command.
a. Special permissions have been set on the file.
You attempt to perform the git commit -m "Added listdir function" but the command fails. What are possible reasons for the failure? (Choose all that apply.) a. The user performing the commit has not set their Git user information. b. No files were added to the Git index beforehand. c. The user performing the commit is not running the command from within the Git repo directory. d. The master branch was not specified within the command itself.
a. The user performing the commit has not set their Git user information. b. No files were added to the Git index beforehand. c. The user performing the commit is not running the command from within the Git repo directory.
Which of the following will display the message welcome home if the cd /home/user1 command is successfully executed? a. cd /home/user1 && echo "welcome home" b. cat "welcome home" || cd / home/user1 c. cd /home/user1 || cat "welcome home" d. echo "welcome home" && cd / home/user1
a. cd /home/user1 && echo "welcome home"
Which of the following commands can be used to start a UNIX SysV daemon called lala in runlevels 1, 2, and 3? a. chkconfig --level 123 lala on b. update-rc.d lala defaults c. systemctl enable lala 123 d. service enable lala 123
a. chkconfig --level 123 lala on
Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively? a. chown user1:root file1 b. chown user1 : root file1 c. This cannot be done because user and group ownership properties of a file must be modified separately. d. chown root:user1 file1 e. chown root : user1 file1
a. chown user1:root file1
Which of the following commands can only be used to create partitions on a GPT hard disk? a. gdisk b. cfdisk c. fdisk d. parted
a. gdisk
Which of the following indicates the second MBR partition on the third hard disk drive to GRUB2? a. hd2,msdos2 b. hd4,mbr3 c. hd3,mbr2 d. hd2,msdos1
a. hd2,msdos2
Where is the /proc filesystem stored? a. in RAM b. on the hard disk drive in the / directory c. on the hard disk drive in the /etc directory d. on the hard disk drive in the /var directory
a. in RAM
You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command prompt displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire (pg 78)? a. man -k flush b. man -k find all c. man flush d. man -key flush
a. man -k flush
Which construct can be used in a shell script to read stdin and place it in a variable? a. read b. sum c. verify d. test
a. read
The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command? a. --w-r--rwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 b. --wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 c. -rwxrw-r-x 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 d. --w-rw-r-e 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1
b. --wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1
Which of the following statements is true? a. GRUB Legacy can be loaded from a MBR or GPT. b. After modifying /etc/default/grub, you must run the grub2-mkconfig command before the changes are made to GRUB2. c. GRUB2 can only be loaded from a UEFI System Partition. d. GRUB needs to be reinstalled after it has been modified.
b. After modifying /etc/default/grub, you must run the grub2-mkconfig command before the changes are made to GRUB2.
Consider the following shell script: echo -e "What is your favorite color?--> \c" read REPLY if [ "$REPLY" = "red" -o "$REPLY" = "blue" ] then echo "The answer is red or blue." else echo "The answer is not red nor blue." fi What would be displayed if a user executes this shell script and answers Blue when prompted? a. The answer is red or blue. b. The answer is not red nor blue. c. The code would cause an error. d. The answer is red or blue. The answer is not red nor blue.
b. The answer is not red nor blue.
When you run the ps command, how are daemon processes recognized? a. The terminal is listed as tty0. b. There is a question mark in the TTY column. c. There is an asterisk in the STIME column. d. There is a "d" for daemon in the terminal identification column.
b. There is a question mark in the TTY column.
The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes? (Choose both that apply.) a. text b. command c. input d. interactive e. insert
b. command e. insert
You want to see the filesystems that are in use on the system. What command could you use? (Choose all that apply.) a. cat /etc/fstab b. df -T c. cat /etc/mtab d. ls /sys/block
b. df -T c. cat /etc/mtab
What does the command dumpe2fs -h do? a. backs up an ext2 filesystem b. displays the number of used and available inodes for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem c. dumps an ext2 filesystem d. nothing; it is not a valid command
b. displays the number of used and available inodes for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
The current value for the HOME variable is displayed by which of the following commands? (Choose all that apply.) a. echo HOME= b. echo ~ c. echo $HOME d. echo ls HOME
b. echo ~ c. echo $HOME
A process spawning or initiating another process is referred to as _________. a. a child process b. forking c. branching d. parenting
b. forking
What Systemd target corresponds to runlevel 5? a. multi-user.target b. graphical.target c. system.target d. runlevel5.target
b. graphical.target
A device file __________. (Choose all that apply.) a. has no inode section b. has no data section c. displays a major and minor number in place of a file size d. has a fixed size of 300 kilobytes
b. has no data section c. displays a major and minor number in place of a file size
Which command can be used to see processes running in the background? a. bg b. jobs c. ps -% d. fg
b. jobs
Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab? a. mount -f b. mount -a c. mount /etc/fstab d. mount /etc/mtab
b. mount -a
Which command do you use to rename files and directories? a. cp b. mv c. rn d. rename
b. mv
A special device file is used to _________. a. enable proprietary custom-built devices to work with Linux b. represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports c. keep a list of device settings specific to each individual user d. do nothing in Linux
b. represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports
Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file? a. text b. strings c. od d. less
b. strings
Which of the following Systemd commands can be used to stop a daemon called lala? a. service stop lala b. systemctl stop lala.service c. chkconfig stop lala d. stop lala
b. systemctl stop lala.service
Which command displays the users who are currently logged in to the Linux system (pg 73)? a. finger b. who c. id d. date
b. who
What command can be used to create a ZFS volume called test from the space on /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc that functions like RAID level 1? a. zpool create test /dev/sdb /dev/sdc b. zpool create test mirror /dev/sdb /dev/sdc c. zpool create test raidz /dev /sdb /dev/sdc d. zpool create test raidz2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
b. zpool create test mirror /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Which of the following variables could access the value "/etc" within the sample shell script, if the sample shell script was executed using the bash sample /var /etc /bin command? a. $0 b. $1 c. $2 d. $3
c. $2
After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be affected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files? a. rw-rw-rw- b. rwxrw-r-- c. ---r--rw- d. ----wx--x
c. ---r--rw-
Given the following output from /etc/fstab, which filesystems will be automatically checked on boot by the fsck command? /dev/sda1 none none none /dev/sdc2 /dev/dvd / /dev/pts /proc /dev/shm swap /media/dvd ext4 proc tmpfs swap defaults devpts gid=5,mode=620 defaults defaults defaults iso9660 noauto,ro a. none, as fsck must be run manually for each filesystem b. /, /dev/pts, and /dev/shm c. /, /proc, and swap d. all of them, as fsck is run automatically at boot for all filesystems
c. /, /proc, and swap
Where are individual user tasks scheduled to run with the cron daemon stored on a Fedora system? a. /etc/crontab b. /etc/cron/username c. /var/spool/cron d. /var/spool/cron/username
c. /var/spool/cron
Jim has just installed two new SAS SSDs in his system. He properly installs the hardware in his machine. Before he can use them for data storage and retrieval, what must he do? (Choose all that apply.) a. Mount the two SSDs so they are accessible by the operating system. b. Mount a filesystem to each of SSDs. c. Create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs. d. Use the vi editor to edit /etc/mtab and create an entry for the SSDs. e. Mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system. f. Format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux.
c. Create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs. e. Mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system. f. Format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux.
What component of a Linux server is used to connect to a Fibre Channel SAN? a. FC initiator b. FC target c. FC HBA d. WWPN
c. FC HBA
The root user utilizes the chgrp command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file? a. Run chgrp again listing the root user as the new owner. b. Nothing, because this is a one-way, one-time action. c. Have the new owner run chgrp, and list the root user as the new owner. d. Run chown and list the root user as the new owner.
c. Have the new owner run chgrp, and list the root user as the new owner.
What does the mv command do? (Choose all that apply.) a. It makes a volume. b. It makes a directory. c. It moves a directory. d. It moves a file.
c. It moves a directory. d. It moves a file.
You want to configure the runlevels that a particular upstart daemon is started in. What should you do? a. Run the appropriate update-rc.d command. b. Modify the contents of the /etc/ rc[runlevel].d directories. c. Modify the daemon configuration file within the /etc/init directory. d. Run the appropriate systemctl command.
c. Modify the daemon configuration file within the /etc/init directory.
A user runs the fsck command with the -f option on an ext4 filesystem that is showing signs of corruption. How would that user locate any files the system was unable to repair? a. Look in the root of the filesystem. b. The system prompts the user for a target location when it comes across a file it cannot repair. c. Mount the filesystem and check the lost1found directory underneath the mount point. d. View the contents of the directory /lost1found.
c. Mount the filesystem and check the lost1found directory underneath the mount point.
A user typed the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the / home/jim directory? a. cd .. b. cd /jim c. cd ../.. d. cd ./.
c. cd ../..
Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.) a. Quotas can only limit user space. b. Quotas can only limit the number of files a user can own. c. Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own. d. Hard limits can never be exceeded. e. Hard limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time. f. Soft limits can never be exceeded. g. Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time. h. Either a hard limit or a soft limit can be set, but not both concurrently.
c. Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own. d. Hard limits can never be exceeded. g. Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time.
What type of redundant storage configuration is most common for hosting the operating system and applications on a server? a. RAID 5 b. ZFS c. RAID 1 d. SAN + DM-MPIO
c. RAID 1
Which of the following is not an example of virtualization software that can be used to install Linux within another operating system? a. Oracle VirtualBox b. Microsoft Hyper-V c. Spiceworks d. VMWare
c. Spiceworks
What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked whether to overwrite an existing file? a. There is no choice because the new file will overwrite the old one by default. b. Type interactive cp or interactive mv. c. Type cp -i or mv -i. d. Type cp -interactive or mv -interactive. e. Just type cp or mv because they run in interactive mode by default.
c. Type cp -i or mv -i.
Which of the following statements is true? a. Unicode provides the least localization support for different languages. b. ASCII is the most common character set used today. c. UTF-8 is commonly used to provide Unicode character set support. d. ASCII is an extension of the ISO-8859 standard.
c. UTF-8 is commonly used to provide Unicode character set support.
A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterward she needs files previously found within the mount point directory. What should this user do? a. Nothing; the files are lost and cannot ever be accessed. b. Nothing; the files could not have been there because you can only mount to empty directories. c. Unmount the device from the directory. d. Run the fsck command to recover the file. e. Look in the lost1found directory for the file.
c. Unmount the device from the directory.
Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct? a. PVs are collections of VGs. b. LVs are created from the free space available within PVs c. VGs are comprised of one or more PVs. d. PVs use the space within LVs to create VGs.
c. VGs are comprised of one or more PVs.
What would be the effect of using the alias command to make an alias for the date command named cat in honor of your favorite pet? a. It cannot be done because there already is an environment variable cat associated with the cat command. b. It cannot be done because there already is a command cat on the system. c. When you use the cat command at the command prompt with the intention of viewing a text file, the date appears instead. d. There is no effect until the alias is imported because it is a user-declared variable.
c. When you use the cat command at the command prompt with the intention of viewing a text file, the date appears instead.
You have redirected stderr to a file called Errors. You view the contents of this file afterward and notice that there are six error messages. After repeating the procedure, you notice that there are only two error messages in this file. Why? a. After you open the file and view the contents, the contents are lost. b. The system generated different stdout. c. You did not append the stderr to the Error file, and, as a result, it was overwritten when the command was run a second time. d. You must specify a new file each time you redirect because the system creates the specified file by default.
c. You did not append the stderr to the Error file, and, as a result, it was overwritten when the command was run a second time.
Using wildcard metacharacters, how can you indicate a character that is not an a or b or c or d? a. [^abcd] b. not [a-d] c. [!a-d] d. !a-d
c. [!a-d]
What command is equivalent to the man -k keyword command? a. find keyword b. man keyword c. apropos keyword d. appaloosa keyword
c. apropos keyword
Which command can you use during a system rescue to switch from the root of the live OS to the root of the Linux system installed on the hard disk? a. mount b. sysimage c. chroot d. rescue
c. chroot
Which command is used to format a partition on a hard disk drive with the ext4 filesystem? a. format_ext4 device b. ext4mkfs device c. e2mkfs -t ext4 device d. makeext4FS device
c. e2mkfs -t ext4 device
What are the three standard Linux permissions? a. full control, read-execute, write b. read, write, modify c. execute, read, write d. read, write, examine
c. execute, read, write
Before a user-defined variable can be used by processes that run in subshells, that variable must be _________. a. imported b. validated by running the env command c. exported d. redirected to the BASH shell
c. exported
What will the following wildcard regular expression return: file[a-c]? a. filea-c b. filea, filec c. filea, fileb, filec d. fileabc
c. filea, fileb, filec
Which of the following is not a piece of information that the Fedora installation program prompts you for (pg 55-59)? a. time zone b. installation destination c. firewall settings d. installation language
c. firewall settings
You have recently modified the system time using the date command. What command can you run to ensure that the same time is updated within the system BIOS? a. timedatectl --update b. tzselect c. hwclock -w d. date --set
c. hwclock -w
Which command can be used to modify the default locale on the system? a. tzselect b. cmdline c. localectl d. export LANG=C
c. localectl
Which of the following commands can quickly determine whether your network hardware was detected properly following a Linux installation? a. cat /proc/modules/network b. lspci c. lshw -class network d. dmesg
c. lshw -class network
If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of the filesystem and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume? a. /home/resume b. /resume c. resume d. \home\resume
c. resume
The at command is used to _________. a. schedule processes to run periodically in the background b. schedule processes to run periodically on a recurring basis in the future c. schedule processes to run at a single instance in the future d. schedule processes to run in the foreground
c. schedule processes to run at a single instance in the future
Which command could you use to see a list of all environment and user-defined shell variables as well as their current values? a. ls /var b. env c. set d. echo
c. set
What kernel option can be specified within a boot loader to force the system to boot to Single User Mode? a. init b. rescue c. single d. telinit
c. single
Which command can be used to start X Windows, the window manager, and the default desktop environment? a. startgui b. startgdm c. startx d. gstart
c. startx
When configuring a virtual hard disk file, which term refers to the feature that allows the virtual hard disk file to expand dynamically as space is requested by the guest operating system? a. thick provisioning b. Type 1 c. thin provisioning d. Type 2
c. thin provisioning
Which command is used to gain real-time information about processes running on the system, with the most processor-intensive processes appearing at the beginning of the list? a. ps b. ps -elf c. top d. pstree
c. top
How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression? a. Precede the string with a /. b. Follow the string with a \. c. Precede the string with a $. d. Precede the string with a ^.
d. Precede the string with a ^.
How can you bypass the wait function and send a user process to the background? a. This cannot happen once a process is executing; it can be done only when the command is started by placing an ampersand (&) after it. b. This cannot happen; only daemon processes can run in the background. c. You can use the ps command. d. You can use the Ctrl+z key combination and the bg command.
d. You can use the Ctrl+z key combination and the bg command.
The pkill command terminates _________. a. all instances of a process with the same PPID b. all instances of a process with the same PID c. all instances of a process with the same priority d. all instances of a process with the same name matched by a regular expression
d. all instances of a process with the same name matched by a regular expression
Which of the following could result in a segmentation fault (fatal signal 11) during a Fedora installation? a. RAM problems b. overclocked CPU c. faulty hardware components d. all of the above
d. all of the above
A file has the following permissions: r----x-w-. The command chmod 143 would have the same effect as the command _________. (Choose all that apply.) a. chmod u+x-r,g+r-x,o+w file1 b. chmod u=w,g=rw,o=rx file1 c. chmod u-r-w,g+r-w,o+r-x file1 d. chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1 e. chmod u+w,g+r-w,o+r-x file1 f. chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r file1
d. chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1
Which command blanks the terminal screen, erasing previously displayed output (pg 73)? a. erase b. clean c. blank d. clear
d. clear
What is the name given to a process not associated with a terminal? a. child process b. parent process c. user process d. daemon process
d. daemon process
7. Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem? a. fsck b. quota c. du d. df
d. df
The tac command _________. a. is not a valid Linux command b. displays the contents of hidden files c. displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last word on the line first and first word on the line last d. displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last line first and first line last
d. displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last line first and first line last
What does the du -s /var command do? a. shows the users connected to the /var directory b. shows the size of all directories within the /var directory c. dumps the /var directory d. displays the total size of the /var directory
d. displays the total size of the /var directory
Every if construct begins with if and must be terminated with _________. a. end b. endif c. stop d. fi
d. fi
What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and contains links to other related information (pg 79)? a. who b. man help c. man -descriptive d. info
d. info
A runaway process that is faulty and consuming mass amounts of system resources _________. a. is a zombie process b. is an orphaned process c. has a PPID of Z d. is a rogue process
d. is a rogue process
Which of the following commands can be used on a modern Linux system to view hardware information that was captured at the beginning of the boot process? a. less /var/log/boot.log b. less /var/log/messages c. less /var/log/syslog d. journalctl -k
d. journalctl -k
Every process has a process ID and a _________. a. fork process b. daemon c. child process d. parent process
d. parent process
What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor? a. quit as no changes were made b. quit after saving any changes c. nothing because the ! is a metacharacter d. quit without saving any changes
d. quit without saving any changes
The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are _________ for directories and _________ for files. a. rw-rw-rw-and rw-rw-rw- b. rw-rw-rw-and r--r--r-- c. rw-rw-rw-and rwxrwxrwx d. rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw- e. rwxrw-rw-and rwx-rw-rw-
d. rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw-
The which command _________. a. can only be used to search for executables b. searches for a file in all directories, starting from the root c. is not a valid Linux command d. searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable
d. searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable
artistic license
ensures that the program's source code is freely available yet allows the original author of the source code some control over the changes made to it.