Lipids quiz 11/9/16

phospholipids

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head.

Cholesterol

A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.

Function of steroids

Important components to cell membranes. Signaling molecules that activate hormone receptors. Lipids whose carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings.

Types of lipids

fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and triglyceride

amphipathic

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

hydrophilic

attracted to water

function of cholesterol

common component in animal cell membranes , animals use it as starting material for making other steroids.

triglycerides

made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. Hydrophobic

hydrophobic

repel against water

structure of saturated and unsaturated fats

saturated fats have no double bonds between molecules (there are no gaps and the fat is SATURATED with hydrogen molecules) unsaturated fats have double bonds between molecules (they are cinked) (not saturated with with hydrogen molecules)

what is a cis

denoting or relating to a molecular structure in which two particular atoms or groups lie on the same side of a given plane in the molecule, in particular denoting an isomer in which substituents at opposite ends of a carbon-carbon double bond are on the same side of the bond.

Trans fat

the fat that results when unsaturated fats are synthetically converted to saturated fats to prevent the separation of lipids (margarine and peanut butter are examples); this process produces saturated fats and unsaturated fats with trans double bonds. This is dangerous because they are man made and the human body doesn't know how to process it. risk is that it raises LDL (bad cholesterol) and lowers HDL (good cholesterols)

Lipids

Diverse compounds that are grouped together because they mix poorly with water.

Examples of Lipids

Fats, oils, waxes, potato chips, fried foods, peanut butter

Describe the dual personality of the phospholipid

Phospholipids are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic. The 2 fatty acid tails are hydrophobic because they are non polar, and the glycerol molecule is polar, and is hydrophilic (its attracts water).

compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. This is because saturated and unsaturated fats differ in their chemical structures. Saturated fats have no double bond between molecules, which means there are no gaps and the fat is saturated with hydrogen molecules. Unsaturated fats are healthy, saturated fats aren't.

compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats

Structure: saturated fats are a straight line of molecules, completely full of hydrogen atoms, and usually a solid. unsaturated fats are a straight line of molecules cincked, contain one or more double bonds (making the fatty acids not full of hydrogen), and usually a liquid. Saturated fats are unhealthy. Unsaturated farts are healthy (oils).

functions of lipids

To form membranes, long term energy storage, create hormones, and to "water-proof".

Compare/Contrast triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol

Triglycerides have 3 fatty acids and glycerin, they are hydrophobic. Phospholipids have 2 fatty acids and glycerin, the head is hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic.