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LEARNING REASONING SELF-CORRECTION

AI Cognitive Skills

refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to deliver services to citizens that can transform relations with clients, businesses, and other arms of Government.

E-GOVERNANCE

CHATBOTS SMART ASSITANTS E-COMMERCE SEARCH ENGINES MEDIA STREAMING SMART CARS NAVIGATION APPS FACIAL RECOGNITION TEXT EDITOR SOCIAL MEDIA FEEDS

EXAMPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Learning Reasoning Problem-solving Perception Language

COMPONENTS OF INTELLIGENCE

EXAMPLE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

CaDet (Cancer Decision Support Tool) is used to identify cancer in its earliest stages. DENDRAL helps chemists identify unknown organic molecules. DXplain is a clinical support system that diagnoses various diseases. MYCIN identifies bacteria such as bacteremia and meningitis, and recommends antibiotics and dosages. PXDES determines the type and severity of lung cancer a person has. R1/XCON is an early manufacturing expert system that automatically selects and orders computer components based on customer specifications.

APPLICATION OF SPEECH

Call center transcription Clinical note taking Virtual assistants Media and marketing

⬡ Data Quality ⬡ Synchronization of Data Sources ⬡ Organizational Resistance ⬡ Accessibility to Big Data ⬡ Maintaining quality data. ⬡ Keeping data security. ⬡ Finding the right tools and platforms. ⬡ Lack of talent.

Challenges of Big Data Analytics

SUPERVISED Learning UNSUPERVISED Learning REINFORCEMENT Learning

MACHINE LEARNING CATEGORIES

RETAIL AND E-COMMERCE

banks and financial institutions have used data to give their customers better, faster, more convenient, and more intelligent banking services

SMART ASSISTANTS

capable of carrying out many of the same tasks as human assistants, such as reading text, taking dictation, making calls, etc.

SUPERVISED LEARNING

creating models that can learn from marked dataset to make predictions eg. spam filtering and face recognition

1971

creation of the National Computer Centre

SELF-CORRECTION

designed to continuously fine-tune algorithms and ensure that it provides the most accurate outcomes

SEARCH ENGINES

employ powerful artificial intelligence algorithms to decipher the meaning of search queries and provide the most accurate and relevant results

Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)

founded on June 9, 2016, shall be the primary policy, planning, coordinating, implementing, and administrative entity of the Executive Branch of the government that will plan, develop and promote the national ICT development agenda. (RA 10844)

UNSUPERVISED Learning

given unlabeled dataset, the algorithm must find some way to learn without the guidance of humans eg. fraud transactions

NAVIGATION APPS

has features such as route optimization, GPS tracking, and real-time traffic alerts

SMART CARS

include industrial robots constructing a vehicle and autonomous cars navigating traffic with machine learning and vision

SPEECH

uses AI for voice-based technologies: automatic speech recognition (ASR), also known as speech-to-text (STT), and text-to- speech (TTS). Examples: automatic live captioning in virtual meetings; adding voice- based interfaces to virtual assistants

CHATBOTS

uses artificial intelligence to generate text or answer queries based on user input

REINFORCEMENT Learning

uses feedback data to improve the performance of a model eg. games like Chess and Go

Predictive Analytics

∙ It comprises predicting the occurrence of an event or the likely outcome of an event or forecasting the future values using prediction models ∙ It is done using predictive models which are trained by existing data. These models learn patterns and trends from the existing data and predict the occurrence of an event or the likely outcome of an event (classification models) or forecast numbers (regression models). ∙ What is likely to happen?

Prescriptive Analytics

∙ It multiple prediction models to predict various outcomes and the best course of action for each outcome. ∙ It can predict the possible outcomes based on the current choice of actions. ∙ It prescribes actions or the best option to follow from the available options. ∙ What can we do to make it happen?

John McCarthy in 1956

"the science and engineering of making intelligent machines"

⬡ To predict something ⬡ To find patterns in the data ⬡ Finding relationships in the data

(Data) Analytics: Goals

STANford Cart Stanford AILAboratory (1979)

*- was originally built to simulate a remote- controlled moon rover - had a 45 year career of ups and downs, including redesigning and configurations - In 1979, the cart successfully crossed a chair-filled room without human intervention in about five hours.

MACHINE LEARNING

- It is the science of getting computers to act without being explicitly programmed - Stanford University ∙ It is the concept that allows computers to learn and adapt automatically to the new data without being assisted by humans

Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)

- Surpasses human intelligence and can perform any task better than a human - include thinking, solving puzzles, making judgments, and decisions on its own

tesla autopilot tesla (2015)

- Tesla Version 7.0 software was released, enabling Autopilot as a feature for Model S drivers - a combination of adaptive cruise control and Autosteer, a lane centering function designed to keep Tesla vehicles within painted lane lines. - "Autopilot is not a self-driving system and that "the driver is still responsible for, and ultimately in control of, the car, " but it also reiterates that Tesla vehicles are equipped with hardware "to allow for the incremental introduction of self-driving technology."

MACHINE LEARNING

- a subset of AI - the science of programming machines to think and act like humans without being explicitly programmed to - aims to enable computers to learn automatically without human intervention and adjust actions - uses algorithms that can make predictions through pattern recognition

Alexa Amazon inc. (2014)

- a virtual assistant technology was first used in the Amazon Echo and Echo Dot, Echo Studio and Amazon Tap speakers - capable of voice interaction, music playback, making to-do lists, setting alarms, streaming podcasts, playing audiobooks, and providing weather, traffic, sports, and other real-time information, such as news - can also control several smart devices using itself as a home automation system.

DEEP BLUE InternationalBusiness Machines corporation (IBM)

- chess-playing expert system run on a unique purpose-built IBM supercomputer - development began in 1985 at Carnegie Mellon University - On May 11, 1997, it beat the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov, after a six- game match: two wins for IBM, one for the champion and three draws. The match lasted several days and received massive media coverage around the world. It was the classic plot line of man vs. machine.

ELIZA Joseph Weizenbaum (1965)

- considered to be the first chatterbot ("chatbot") - natural language processing (NLP) program - created from 1964- 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AI Laboratory - which aimed at tricking it users by making them believe that they were having a conversation with a real human being; it was designed to imitate a therapist who would ask open-ended questions and even respond with follow-ups

Artificial General intelligence (AGI)

- known as strong AI - can understand and learn any intellectual task that a human being can - allows a machine to apply knowledge and skills in different contexts

"ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE" John Mccarthy (1956)

- known as the Father of Artificial Intelligence - In the early 1950s, the study of "thinking machines" had various names like cybernetics, automata theory, and information processing. He wanted a new, neutral umbrella term that could collect and organize these disparate research efforts into a single field focused on developing machines that could simulate every aspect of intelligence.

Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)

- known as weak AI - designed and trained with a specific task in mind and cannot perform beyond its limitations - have a very limited or narrow range of competencies

ROOMBA iRobot(2002)

- mobile robot for vacuuming floors - a series of autonomous robotic vacuum cleaners which a have a set of sensors that enable them to navigate the floor area of a home - By 2004, a million Roombas had been sold.

ANALYTICS

- queen of sciences - machinery that mines, molds and mints

SIRI Apple Inc. (2011)

- spin-off from a project developed by the SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center - uses voice queries, gesture based control, focus-tracking and a natural-language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions used the voice of Susan Bennett in US, Jon Briggs in UK, while Karen Jacobsen in Australia - Siri means "beautiful woman who leads you to victory" in Norwegian and "secret" in Swahili.

Sophia hanson robotics(2016)

- the humanoid robot - has simulations of every major muscle in the human face, allowing her to generate expressions of joy, grief, curiosity, confusion, contemplation, sorrow, frustration, among other feelings. - In 2017, Sophia was given Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot to receive citizenship of any country. One month later, Sophia was named the United Nations Development Program's first Innovation Champion.

SHAKEY Stanford Research institute (SRI-1969)

- the world's first mobile intelligent robot with cameras and touch sensors, controlled by a large remote computer - this early robot became an archetype from which subsequent robots were built and significantly influenced modern robotics and AI techniques - was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

EXPERT SYSTEMS

-a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization that has expertise and experience in a particular field -relies on having a good knowledge base. Experts add information to the knowledge base, and nonexperts use the system to solve complex problems that would usually require a human expert.

COMPUTER VISION

-a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers and systems to derive meaningful information from digital images, videos and other visual inputs — and take actions or make recommendations based on that information. If AI enables computers to think, computer vision enables them to see, observe and understand.

DATA

. factual information (such as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation ∙ information in digital form that can be transmitted or processed, information output by a sensing device or organ that includes both useful and irrelevant or redundant information and must be processed to be meaningful. . (in computing) information that has been translated into a form that is efficient for movement or processing

speech to text text to speech

2 types of speech

image recognition machine vision

2 types of vision

translation classification of clustering information extraction

3 TYPES OF NLP

planning,scheduling and optimisation

A system based on AI uses planning to determine 'what steps to take' (planning) and 'when to carry out a certain step' (scheduling) in order to achieve a goal. The common term given to an intelligent system that implements planning is 'agent'. The plan implemented by the agent enables it to search through each and every possible action or route to reach the set goal.

97 zettabytes.

According to Statista, HOW MUCH estimated volume of data created worldwide in 2022

PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS

As a subset of AI, predictive analytics is a statistics-based method that data analysts use to make assumptions and test records in order to predict the likelihood of a given future outcome. Analysts capture historical trends and apply these patterns to current data, then compute a specific value at a future point in time. AI is completely autonomous while predictive analytics relies on human interaction to query data, identify trends, and test assumptions.

APPLICATIONS OF PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS

Banking Healthcare Human Resources (HR) Marketing and Sales Supply Chain

⬡ Improvement of decision making. ⬡ More effective marketing. ⬡ Improvement of customer service. ⬡ Increased efficiency of operations.

Benefits of (Big) Data Analytics

2.5 quintillion bytes of data

HOW MANY data are created every day, based on the IBM estimate.

Data Analysis Data Cleaning /Data Wrangling Data Collection Data Processing

How Big Data Analytics Works

EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER VISION

Image classification Object detection Object tracking Content-based image retrieval

ALAN TURING (1950)

In a Turing test, the interrogator must determine which respondent is a computer and which is a human. originally called the imitation game; a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. "Can machines think?"

descriptive analytics

It analyzes past data to present it in a summarized form that can be easily interpreted. ∙ What has happened? ∙ Included statistical functions ∙ counts, maximum, minimum, mean, top-N, percentage

diagnostic analytics

It comprises the analysis of past data to diagnose the reasons as to why certain events happened ∙ Why did it happen?

DATA ANALYTICS

It is a broad term that encompasses the processes, technologies, frameworks, and algorithms to extract meaningful insights from data.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

It is a subfield of AI that focuses on enabling machines to understand and interpret human language. NLP is used in applications such as chatbots, virtual assistants, and language translation.

Automation

It is about setting up robots to follow a set of pre-defined rules. Artificial Intelligence is about setting up robots to make their own decisions (though still based on human input).

BIG DATA

It is defined as collections of datasets whose volume, velocity, or variety is so large that it is difficult to store, manage, process and analyze the data using traditional databases and data processing tools

DATA ANALYTICS

It is the process of extracting and creating information from raw data by filtering, processing, categorizing, condensing, and contextualizing the data.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEE

It is the simulation of human intelligence in machines through programming to mimic and think like humans.

DEEP LEARNING

It understands a vast amount of data and permits the software to train itself to perform image recognition and speech tasks. ∙ The algorithms are highly dependent on high-end machines.

machine learning NLP (Natural Language Processing) Speech Expert system planning, scheduling and optimisation robotics vision

STRUCTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Deep learning predictive analysis

TWO TYPES OF MACHINE LEARNING

descriptive analytics diagnostic analytics predictive analytics prescriptive analytics

TYPES OF ANALYTICS

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The term first coined by John McCarthy 1956 at the Dartmouth conference, defining it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.

∙ Reactive Machines ∙ Limited Memory ∙ Theory of Mind ∙ Self-Awareness

Types of Artificial Intelligence (Functionality, Ability)

ANI [Artificial Narrow Intelligence] AGI [Artificial General Intelligence] ASI [Artificial Superintelligence]

Types of Artificial Intelligence (ability)

FACIAL RECOGNITION

a biometric technology that identifies facial vectors and features and matches them with a pre-enrolled individual

LEARNING

acquiring data and creating rules or algorithms that turn the data into actionable information

DEEP LEARNING

application of Machine Learning that uses complex algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN; which structures and functions like brain neurons) to train a model, where data and patterns can be better perceived

SOCIAL MEDIA FEEDS

automate many tedious tasks related to social media management and can do social media monitoring at scale

Robotics

is a field of AI that involves designing, building, and programming robots to perform tasks. Robots are used in various applications such as manufacturing, healthcare, and space exploration. AI-powered robots are augmented with a variety of sensors (including vision devices such as 2D/3D cameras, vibration sensors, proximity sensors, accelerometers, and other environmental sensors,) that feed them with sensing data they can analyze and act upon in real-time.

Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) ULIT

is committed to providing every Filipino access to vital ICT infrastructures and services, while also ensuring the sustainable growth of ICT-enabled industries that can lead to the creation of more jobs.

DATA

it is the new oil - fingerprint of creation - new gold

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

it is the use of computer systems to simulate human mental processes, such as interpreting and generating language.

TEXT EDITORS

make it simple and easy to autogenerate content for your blog, website, or social media profiles

REASONING

selecting the correct algorithm to reach the desired outcome

APPLICATIONS OF DEEP LEARNING

self-driving cars speech recognition pattern recognition computer programming image recognition contextual recommendations fact checking

MEDIA STREAMING

study people's viewing history, preferences, and behaviors to provide tailor-made, enjoyable experiences

Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) Artificial General intelligence (AGI) Artificial Superintelligence (ASI)

types of ai based on capabilities

REACTIVE MACHINE LIMITED MEMORY THEORY OF MIND SELF-AWARENESS

types of ai based on functionalities


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