Livestock Production Test #1
A maturity
0-30 months
what is 600 lbs carcass RN
11
World wide diet meat contributes?
16% of calories, 37% of protein, 45% of fat
Average egg is ?
2 ounces
What is the cooler shrink
2%
A fat depth of .4 is what in PYG
3
Recommended amount of meat protein per day
3 ounces
Average milk fat in a dairy cow
3-4%
What is the average shrink
4%
What is chemical muscle comp
65-75% water, 15-20% protein, 2-12% fat, 1% minerals, Fat soluble vitamins
How much water does muscle contain
70%
Vertical Inegration
A company or ownership that has more than one phase of production
What is the difference between farm and range flock of sheep
A range flock is over 1000 head and extensively cared for and farm flock is under 1000 and more intensively cared for
quality grades of poultry
A, B, C
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
order of muscle components
Actin and myosin to form myofilaments to myofibrils to muscle fiber to muscle bundle to form whole muscle
Domenstication
Breeding, changing species, genetics to fit your needs
Determine age on a beef carcass?
Buttons, it is a maturity when buttons are whiter and b maturity is when buttons are more yellow and red
What the four major packing plants?
Cargill, JBS, tyson, national beef
What country spend most money per capita for food?
China
Where do most hogs come from
China
Describe cow-calf segment
Commercial or seedstock, 70%of cow-calf have fewer than 50 head of mother cows, overwinter calves
What are the three segments of cattle operations?
Cow-calf, feeder-finisher, stocker- yearling
what is the sheep yield grade equation
FD * 10 + 4 = YG
Describe Stocker-yearling
Feed cattle for growth prior to their going into a feedlot for finishing
Which meat is most consumed
Goat then chicken
Difference between grading and inspection?
Grading is the standards of meat and inspection is food safety
Dressing %
Hog 72% cattle 62% Lamb 52%
What are two confinement operations in livestock
Hogs and poultry
Top countries in beef production
India
What country has the biggest cattle industry?
India
65% of US cattle operations of how many?
Less than 50 head
What is the trend of the cattle industry today
More beef less cattle
Taming
On one individual animal
What is homogenization
Process which fat particles are broken down into smaller particles in milk so they don't to top of milk stay suspended.
What are the primal cuts of beef
Round, loin, rib, chuck, hind shank, flank, plate, fore shank, brisket
Top states in beef production
Texas, Nebraska, South Dakota
How is pork graded
USDA #1,2,3,4
How to classify meat on chickens?
White and dark
What is a by-product
a product that has less value than the main product
What are the primary components of myofilaments
actin and myosin
B maturity
anything up from 30
What are the four major physical components of beef
bone, lean, fat, connective tissue
How to determine age on a sheep carcass?
by the break joint and if its is ossified or not
veal
calves 0-3 months of age or younger
What is a castrated male bird
capon
Four mj packing plants
cargill, JBS, Tyson, National beef
What protein is only found in milk
casein
capon
castrated male
beef
cattle over a year of age
beef segments
cow-calf, stocker-yearling, feeder-finisher, seedstock
Bos tarus?
developed in temperate zones european domestication
What was domenstication used for
draft, meat, milk
Bos indicus
eared, brahman tropical, humped with long loose skin
meat contributes?
essential amino acids, b12
Meat contributes
essential amino acids, vitamin b 12
Intermuscular
fat is fat cover you observe on the outside of specific muscles and between individual muscles
Describe Feeder-finisher
feed to finish market weight
Contributions of livestock to humans?
food, by products, nutrient cycle, work, threaputic/companionship
50 % of all ag reciepts come from where
from sale of livestock and by products
chevon
goats
grading VS inspection
grading is visual assesment of standards, Inspection is wholesomness and saftey of food
How to find the dressing percentage
hot carcass weight divided by the live weight and then multiply by 100
Intramuscular
is marbeling specks
What are the primal cuts of lamb
leg, loin, rib, shoulder, shank, breast
poussin
less than 1 pound bird
mutton
mature sheep
What are primary products of poultry
meat and eggs
What's a broiler
meat bird
cornish game hen
more than 2 pounds at 30 days
What does organic mean
no synthetic pesticides/fertilizers, no growth regulators/livestock feed additives, GMO generally prohibited
Can you sell colostrum in stores
not until 11th milking when it has cycled through
What type of meat is kindey, liver, and tripe
offal
vertical integration
ownership of more than one phase of production
Value of meat products is determined by
pal ability, lean to fat ratio, presentation, convince
What industry is the most vertically integrated
poultry
Kosher?
prepared according to muslim dietary law, prepared in a certain way
Main quality grades for sheep
prime, choice, good , utility
quality grades of lamb
prime, choice, good, utility,cull
Quality grades of beef
prime, choice, select, standard, commercial, utility, cutter, canner
What is pasturization
process of exposing milk to a temperature that destroys all pathogenic bacteria
Culturing a milk product do?
produced under rigidly controlled conditions ex: yogurt
What is the difference between quality grades of beef and sheep
sheep has good
What are the primal cuts of pork
shoulder, loin, side/belly, ham/leg
Factors that affect dressing %?
shrink, gut fill, fat, muscling, hide weight
What are the three kinds of cheeses
soft, semi soft, hard
pork
swine
What country spends least money per capita on food
the US
Which livestock is 100% AI
turkeys
How to determine value of live animals
weight, thriftiness, composition, freedom of defects, free of genetics, age, reproductive status
What are the two classifications of poultry meats
white and dark
Animal by products
wool hair, gelatin, pharmaseuticals, collagen
Products made from animals
wool, animal waste, tallow, gelatin, pharmaseuticals, collagen
lamb
young sheep
