LIVING TEST

the number of dark-colored moths was closest to the number of light-colored moths at the end of which year of the study?

year 5

which statement best explains the significance of meiosis in the evolution of species?

Meiosis provides for chromosomal variation in the gametes produced by an organism.

a characteristic of mutations is that they usually

result in different genetic sequences

what is the major environmental factor limiting the number of autotrophs at great depths in the ocean?

amount of light

which concept is not part of the theory of evolution?

change occurs according to the needs of an individual organism to survive.

the study of fossils found in sedimentary rocks has allowed scientists to

describe past environments and the history of life.

the diagram below shows the bones in the forelimbs of three different organisms (human whale and bat bones). differences in the bone arrangement support the hypothesis that these organisms

have adaptations to survive in different environments

according to modern evolutionary theory, genes responsible for new traits that help a species survive in a particular environment will usually

increase in frequency

which statement is best supported by fossil records?

many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct

the dna sequences found in two different species are 95% the same. this suggests that these species

may have similar evolutionary histories

the biological concept that is most closely associated with the changes in the peppered moth population in England is known as

natural selection

the diversity within the wild bird species in the diagram below can best be explained by which process?

natural selection

one explanation for the variety of organisms present on Earth today is that over time

new species have adapted to fill available niches in the environment

when the antibiotic penicillin was first introduced, it was immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial infections. after a number of years, there were outbreaks of staphylococcus infections that did not respond to treatment with penicillin. the best explanation for this situation is that

numbers of original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more resistant population.

even though the environment changes, a population that occupies a given geographic area will most likely continue to be found in this area if the

population passes on those genes that result in favorable adaptations

which statement represents the major concept of the biological theory of evolution?

present-day organisms on earth developed from earlier, distinctly different organisms.

which situation would most likely result in the highest rate of natural selection?

reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic differences due to mutations and genetic recombinations in a changing environment

which process is a common practice that has been used by farmers for hundreds of years to develop new plant and animal varieties?

selective breeding for desirable traits

the first life forms to appear on Earth were most likely

simple single-celled organisms

the bark of trees around Manchester, England, was mostly light in color before the Industrial Revolution. light-colored peppered moths that rested on the trees were camouflaged against bird predators, while dark-colored peppered moths were easily preyed upon. after a few years of industrialization, the tree bark became darkened from pollution. the table below represents a change in the number of light and dark-colored moths within the peppered moth population of 6 years from the beginning of industrialization. a result of the evolutionary process that is suggested by the information provided is that

the darker moths increased in number when the environment became more favorable for their traits.

the shark changed very little in the last 50 million years. which statement best explains why this is the case?

the shark is well adapted to its relatively unchanged environment.

some behavioral such as mating and caring for young are genetically determined in certain species of birds. the presence of these behaviors is most likely due to the fact that

these behaviors helped birds to survive in the past

which statement about the rates of evolution for different species is in agreement with the theory of evolution?

they are different, since each species has different adaptations that function within a changing environment

a large population of cockroaches was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. the appearance of some cockroaches that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that

variation exists within a species

line graph with variety A and variety B x-number of generations y-percentage of each variety present

variety A has some adaptive advantage that variety B does not have