Lower limb
Metatarsals
Articulate proximally with the first, second, and third cuneiform bones and with the cuboid to form the tarsometatarsal joints
Tibia
Articulates at the proximal end with the femur and fibula, and at its distal end with the fibula and talus bone of the ankle
Talus
Articulates on one side with the medial mallelous of the tibia and on the other side with the lateral malleolus of the fibula.
Lateral condyle of tibia
Articulates with lateral condyle of femur, and head of fibula articulates on facet just below condyle.
Lateral condyle of tibia
Articulates with lateral condyle of femur, head of fibula articulates on facet just below condyle.
Lateral condyle of tibia
Articulates with lateral condyle of femur; head of fibula articulates on facet just below .
Lateral condyle of femur
Articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia and as attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle
Lateral condyle
Articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia; attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle
Head of fibula
Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia at proximal tibiofibular joint
Head of fibula
Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia at the tibiofibular joint
Tibia
Articulates with the femur and fibula proximally, and with the fibula and talus distally
Lateral condyle of femur
Articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
Medial condyle of femur
Articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia
Patellar ligament
Attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps tendon
Attaches the quadriceps muscles to the patella.
Posterior gluteal line
Attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle.
Psoas Major
O-bodies and bases of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I-lesser trochanter A-flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Flexor Hallucis Longus
O-distal posterior surface of fibula I-base of distal 1st phalanx A-plantar flexion
Iliacus
O-iliac fossa of the os coxa I-lesser trochanter of femur A-flexes and laterally rotates thigh
Gluteus medius
O-ilium I-greater trochanter of the femur A-abducts
Gluteus minimus
O-illium I-greater trochanter of the femur A-abducts thigh at hip
Adductor magnus
O-inferior pubic ramus I-all the way down the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle A-biggest adductor muscle
Gracillis
O-inferior pubic ramus I-tibia
Obturator internus
O-inner surface of the obturator foramen, pubis, and ischium I-medial surface of the greater trochanter A-laterally rotates and abducts
Vastus medialis
O-intertrochanteric line I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-extends the leg at knee
Adductor Magnus
O-ischial tuberosity I-gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh, and extends thigh at hip
Semitendinosus
O-ischial tuberosity I-proximal tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity A-flexes leg at knee
Quadratus femoris
O-ischial tuberosity I-quadrate tubercle near base of trochanter A-laterally rotates and helps adduct thigh at hip
Biceps femoris
O-ischial tuberosity of os coxa I-the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A-flexes leg at knee
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O-lateral condyle of the tibia I-middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A-extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexion
Adductor Brevis
O-lateral surface of inferior ramus of pubis I-proximal portion of linea aspera A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip
Biceps femoris
O-linea aspera I-head of fibula and lateral condyle of fibula A-flexes leg at knee
Flexor Digitorum Longus
O-medial half of middle posterior surface of tibia I-bases of distal phalanges 2-5 A-plantar flexion
Pectineus
O-pectineal line along superior rams of pubis I-posterior surface of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip
Soleus
O-proximal posterior surface of the tibia I-posterior calcaneus A-plantar flexion
Adductor Longus
O-superior aspect of pubis, below pubic tubercle I-linea aspera of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip
Adductor longus
O-superior pubic ramus I-linea aspera
Tibialis Anterior
O-tibia I- medial side of the foot A-inversion and dorsiflexion
Tibialis Posterior
O-tibialis posterior I-planter surface of the foot O-plantar flexion and inversion
Vastus lateralis
O: Greater trochanter I: tibial tuberosity A:Extends leg at knee
Pectineus
O: pectineal line (along superior ramus of pubis) I: posterior surface of femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter A: flexes and adducts thigh
Pectineus
O: pectineal line of the pubis I: pectineal line of the femur (leads from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera) A:most anterior adductor of the hip -hip flexion
Adductor magnus
O:inferior pubic ramus I:all the way down the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle A: adductor
Vastus medialis
O:intertrochanteric line I:tibial tuberosity A: knee extension
Adductor longus
O:superior pubic ramus I:linea aspera
Soleal line of tibia
Oblique line along proximal surface of the tibia, serves as attachment points for popliteus and soleus muscle
Tibial tuberosity
On the anterior surface of the tibia, and is a point of attachment for the patellar ligament
Lateral meniscus
On the tibia, or knee; a thick crescent shape of cartilage that acts as padding. Provides shock absorption as well as lubrication and stabilization.
Tibia
Our of all the long bone of the body, which is the most frequently fractured?
Bursa
Padding and cushioning, helps the patella glide smoothly over the femoral condyles, mostly the patella
Fibula
Parallel and lateral to the tibia, but considerably smaller
Lateral malleolus of fibula
Pointed distal end of the fibula; articulates with talus, forming the lateral portion of the ankle joint; serves as proximal attachment for three components of lateral (collateral) ligament of the ankle
Apex
Pointed distal end of the patella
Apex of patella
Pointed inferior margin of the patella
Medial condyle of tibia
Posterior aspect serves as distal attachment point for semimembranosus muscle
Greater trochanter of the femur
Projection at the proximal end of the femur, and more lateral to the thigh.
Pubic tubercle
Projection from pubic crest; serves as attachment point for inguinal ligament
ASIS
Projection from the anterior portion of the crest of the os coxa; attachment point for sartorius.
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Projections at the proximal end (near the neck of the femur) that serve as attachment points for the tendons and some thigh and buttock muscles. Medial and inferior.
Arcuate line
Prominent bony ridge inferior to the auricular surface that arches across the internal aspect of ilium
Medial epicondyle
Prominent medial protrusion;attachment point for (medial) collateral ligament
Tubercle of the iliac crest
Prominent projection of the os coxa from the lateral view; from the outer lip of crest, near its midpoint
Intertrochanteric crest
Prominent ridge that runs along posterior surface of femur from the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle
Auricular surface
Prominent roughened sulcus (groove) the runs anteriorly along internal surface of ilium from posterior inferior spine; area of articulation with auricular surface of sacrum
Head of femur
Prominent, ball-shaped structure on proximal end of bone; articulates with acetabulum of os coxa (hip bone)
Tuberosity of tibia
Raised, roughened area inferior to the condyles on anterior surface; serves as attachment point for patellar ligament (quadriceps muscle group)
Tibial tuberosity
Raised, roughened area inferior to the condyles on tibia; serves as attachment point for patellar ligament.
Quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius are collectively known as the _________ ______________.
Pubic symphysis
Region where the two pubic bones articulate anteriorly
Pubic crest
Ridge along superior aspect of pubic body; serves as an attachment point for rectus abdonimus, external oblique, internal oblique, and tranversus abdominus muscles
Ischial tuberosity
Serves as an attachment point for the hamstring muscles and supports the weight of the body when sitting
Medial epicondyle of femur
Serves as attachment point for tibial (medial) collateral ligament.
Medial condyle of tibia
Serves as distal attachment point for semimembranous muscle.
Ischial spine
Sharp projection that extends from the posterior margin of the ischium; serves as an attachment point for the sacrospinous ligament
Ischial spine
Sharp projection that extends from the posterior margin; serves as an attachment for the sacrospinous ligament.
Anterior crest (border of tibia)
Sharpened, anterior margin that extends from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus; most prominent in the proximal two-third of the bone; deep fascia of the leg attaches here
Quadrate tubercle
Slight elevation on intertrochanteric crest, next to the greater trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle
Gluteal tuberosity
Slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus musclce
Gluteal tuberosity
Slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle
Intertrochanteric line
Slightly elevated ridge that runs along anterior surface from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter.
Intertrochanteric line
Slightly elevated ridge that runs along anterior surface from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter; serves as attachment point for ligaments that hold femur to the hip
Fovea capitis
Small depression in head; attachment site for the round (teres) ligament
Fovea capitis
Small depression on medial side of the head of the femur; attachment site for round (teres) ligament
Intercondylar eminence of tibia
Small elevation between medial and lateral condyles of tibia, attachment points for ACL and PCL and for central tips of the medial and lateral menisci
Adductor tubercle
Small elevation on superior surface of medial condyle of femur; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle
Adductor tubercle of the femur
Small elevation on superior surface of medial condyle; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle
Lateral epicondyle
Small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyle of the femur; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle
Small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyle; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
AIIS
Small projection found below the superior spine of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for the rectus femoris muscle
PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)
Small projection from the posterior of the crest of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for ligaments that hold the pelvis together
Lesser trochanter
Small prominence on medial side of the femur just inferior to neck; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle
Pectineal line
Small ridge on posterior surface of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter; serves as superior attachment point for pectineus muscle
Pectineal line
Small ridge on posterior surface of the femur just inferior to lesser trochanter; serves as superior attachment point for pectineus msucle
Patella
Small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint
Facet for medial condyle of femur
Smaller of two shallow depressions on posterior surface; articulates with medial condyle of femur
Patellar surface
Smooth surface that covers anterior portion of condyles; region of articulation with patella
Base
Somewhat flatten superior margin of patella
Iliac crest
Superior margin of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for tensor fasciae latae.
Bone grafting
Taking a piece of bone from the body to replace a missing bone in another part of the body
Talus
Tarsal bone arranged in a group, called the tarsus, so that it can move freely where it joins the tibia and fibula
Cuboid
Tarsal bone on the outer side of the foot in front of the calcaneus
Lateral part
The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch also begins at the calcaneus, it rises at the cuboid and descends to the heads of the two lateral metatarsals
Medial portion
The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch is so high that the medial portion of the foot between the ball and hell does not touch the ground when you walk on a hard surface
Medial part
The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch, which originates in the calcaneus, rises to the talus and defends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the three medial metatarsals
Adductors
The ______ originate on the pubic bone and insert on the femur
Ligament
The __________ of the head of the femur connects the fovea capitis of the femur to the acetabulum of the hip bone
Psoas major
The iliac us shares a common insertion (lesser trochanter of femur) with the ___________ ________.
Metatarsus
The intermediate region of the foot, consisting of five metatarsal bones
Three joints
The knee joint is a hinge joint that consists of _____ joints within a single synovial cavity
Tibiofemoral joints
The lateral and medial condyles of the tibia, articulate with the condyles of the femur to form the lateral and medial _______ _______
Sacrum
The left and right os coxa bones articulate posteriorly with the _____.
Pubis symphysis
The left and right os coxa bones meet anteriorly at the _______ ________ joint.
Pelvic girdle
The majority of muscles that move the femur originate where...?
Tibia
The medial and larger of the two bones of the leg, articulating with the femur, fibula, and talus
Medial malleolus
The medial surface of the distal end of the tibia forms the ____ ______ .
Talus
The most superior tarsal bone, is the only bone of the foot that articulates with the fibula and tibia.
Fibula
The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle, parallel with the tibia.... remember LA
Femur
The patella glides over the ______.
Gluteus maximus
The piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gelellus, and quadratus femoris muscles are all deep to the _____ _____ muscle and function as lateral rotators of the femur at the hip joint
Articular facets
The posterior surface of the patella contains two ____ _____ once for the medial condyle of the femur and another for the lateral condyle of the femur
Acetabulum
The proximal end of the femur articulates with the...?
Lateral and medial condyle
The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a _____ and ____ ______
Iliopsoas group
The psoas major and iliacus are collectively known as the _________?
Lesser trochanter of femur
The psoas major and the iliacus share a common insertion which is the ______ _________.
Patellar ligament
The quadriceps tendon inserts into the patella and continues below the patella as the _______ ________.
Linea Aspera
The rough crest of bone running down the posterior shaft of the femur, the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and short head of the biceps femoris muscles all attach to this landmark.
Intertrochanteric crest
The rounded ridge that connects the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur posteriorly.
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
The sartorius originates here
Medial condyle of the tibia
The semimembranosus muscle attaches here
Anterior border of the tibia
The sharp subcutaneous ridge of the tibia that extends from the tuberosity to the anterior part of the medial mallelous
Tibia
The shinbone, the larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg
Intercondylar eminence
The slightly concave condyles on the tibia are separated by an upward projection called the ___ ______
Sartorius
What is also known as the tailors muscle?
Os coxa
What is another name for a hip bone?
Quadriceps tendon
What is the common tendon for the four quadriceps muscles known as?
Cuneiform bones
(wedge shaped) Three of these, they are called the third (lateral), second (intermediate) and the first (medial)
Talocrural joint
Another word for ankle joint
Articular facet for medial femoral condyle
...
Inguinal ligament
...
Medial collateral ligament
...
Obturator externus
...
Patellar ligament
...
Sarcoiliac joint
...
Tibia
...
Tibial collateral ligament
...
Neck
A broken hip is most associated with the ____ of the femur
Clawfoot
A condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is abnormally elevated
Patella
A large sesamoid bone, in the combined tendon of the quadriceps femoris, covering the anterior surface of the knee
Intertrochanteric chest
A ridge between the posterior surfaces of the trochanters.
Pubic tubercle
A rounded eminence on the upper margin of each pubis near the pubic symphysis
Inferior gluteal line
A slightly elevated ridge that runs diagonally from anterior to posterior along the lateral surface of the os coxa above the acetabulum; serves an an attachment point for gluteus minimus muscle.
Anterior gluteal line
A slightly elevated, curved ridge that runs along the middle portion of the lateral surface of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for the gluteus medius muscle.
Lesser sciatic notch
A small indentation along the posterior margin of the os coxa, inferior to the ischial spine; forms part of a foramen for nerves and vessels that exit the pelvis
Transverse ligament of the knee
A transverse band that passes between the lateral and medial menisci in the front part of the knee joint
Tensor fascia latae
Apart of the gluteal group, as well as the gluteus muscles.
No
Are the arches rigid?
Hamstrings group
All of these originate from the ischial tuberosity, and have extension at the hip
Tarsus
Ankle (this is the proximal region of the foot and consists of seven tarsal bones)
Talus
Ankle bone
Talocrural
Ankle joint; between distal end of tibia and its medial malleolus and talus, and between lateral malleolus of fibula and talus
Anterior border
Another name for shin; inferior and continuous with the tibial tuberosity, and is a sharp ridge
Hallux
Another name for the big toe, or great toe; has a proximal and distal phalanges
Tibiofemoral joint
Another name for the knee point
Inguinal ligament
Band running from the pubic tubercle to the ASIS
Three
Besides the hallux, how many phalanges does the other toes have?
Intertrochanteric line
Between the anterior surface of the trochanters is a narrow _____ _______
Intercondylar eminence
Between the condyles on the tibia
Patellofemoral joint
Between the posterior surface of the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
Navicular
Boat shaped bone between the talus and the cuneiform bones
Iliac fossa
Broad depression located along the anteromedial surface of the os coxa; serves as attachment point for the iliacus muscle
Iliac fossa
Broad depression located along the medial surface of the os coxa; attachment point for the iliacus muscle
Medial malleolus
Bump on your ankle that belongs to the tibia
Lateral malleolus
Bump on your ankle that belongs to your fibula
Gluteus maximus
Chief extensor of the femur
Patellar ligament
Common tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which forms the patella to the tibial tuberosity
Phalanges
Comprise the distal component of the foot and resemble those of the hand
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia at the knee joint. Prevents the knee joint's inner side from widening.
Interosseous membrane
Connects the tibia and fibula
Intercondylar fossa
Depressed area between the condyles on the posterior surface
Fibular notch of tibia
Depression on lateral side of the distal tibia; articulates with distal end of fibula
Lateral condyle of the femur
Distal end of the femur on the lateral side;articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia and attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle
Medial malleolus
Distal, medial, end of the tibia. Articulates with the talus.
Metatarsophalangeal
Distally, the metatarsals articulate with the proximal row of phalanges to form the ________________ joints
Calcaneus
During walking, the talus transmits about half the weight of the body to the ___________. The remainder is transmitted to the other tarsal bones.
Phalanx
Each ________ consists of a base, shaft, and head
Intercondylar eminence
Elevation on the proximal extremity of the tibia between the two articular surfaces
Interosseous membrane
Extends between the interosseous crests of the tibia and fibula, helps stabilize the tibia-fibula relationship
Pubic body
Flattened, medial portion of the pubis, serves as an attachment point for the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and gracilis muscles
Hip joint
Formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum
Pubis
Forms the lower anterior portion of the os coxa
Ischium
Forms the lower posterior portion of the os coxa
Transverse arch
Found between the medial and lateral aspects of the foot and is formed by the navicular, three cuneiforms, and the bases of the 5 metatarsals
Quadriceps Femoris
Four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis I:patella A: extends leg, flexes thigh by rectus femoris
Tibial tuberosity
Front of the tibia, and can be easily felt,
Anterior cruciate ligament
Goes from the anterior side of the tibia into the lateral side of the femur
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Goes from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
Posterior cruciate ligament
Goes from the posterior side of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Goes from the posterior side of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur
Longitudinal arch
Has two parts, both of which consist of tarsal and metatarsal bones arranged to form an arch from the anterior to the posterior part of the floor
Calcaneus
Heel, largest and strongest tarsal bone
Tibiogemoral joint
Hinge joint between tibia and femur
Fibular notch
Hollow on the lateral surface of the lower end of the tibia in which the fibula is lodged
Vastus intermedius
I: tibial tuberosity A: knee extension
Flatfoot
If the ligaments and tendons are weakened, the height of the medial longitudinal arch may decrease or fall, and this is the result
Piriformis
In the lateral rotator group O- sacrum I-greater trochanter of the femur A-lateral rotator of the thigh
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Inferior extension of lateral lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across the posterior aspect of bone; serves as an attachment point for vastus lateralis muscle
Medial supracondylar ridge
Inferior extension of medial lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across posterior aspect of femur, serves as attachment point for vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles
Gluteal tuberosity
Inferior to the intertrochanteric chest on the posterior surface of the femur is a vertical ridge called the ______ _______. Serves as an attachment point for the tendons of several thigh muscles.
Knee joint
Involves femur, tibia and patella
Pubic symphysis
Joint between anterior surfaces of hip bones
Sacroiliac
Joint between auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilia of hip bones
Tibiofibular (distal)
Joint between distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia
Tibiofibular (proximal)
Joint between head of lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula
Metatarsophalangeal
Joint between heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges
Interphalangeal
Joint between heads of phalanges and bases of more distal phalanges
Tibiofemoral joint
Joint between the lateral condyle of the femur, lateral meniscus, and lateral condyle of the tibia
Tibiofemoral joint
Joint between the medial condyle of the femur, medial meniscus and medial condyle of the tibia
Patellofemoral joint
Joint between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
Tarsometatarsal
Joint between three cuneiforms of tarsus and bases of five metatarsal bones
Interphalangeal joints
Joints between phalanges of the foot, like those in the hand, are called
Intertarsal joints
Joints between the tarsal bones are called ______ _______.
PIIS (posterior inferior iliac spine)
Just below the PSIS. Serves as an attachment point for ligaments that hold the pelvis together
Adductor tubercle
Just superior to the medial epicondyle, a roughened projection that is a site of attachment for the adductor magnus muscle
Intercondylar notch (fossa)
Large depression located between medial and lateral condyles on posterior surface; articulates with intercondylar eminence of tibia
Greater sciatic notch
Large indentation located below the posterior inferior spine of the os coxa; forms a passageway for the sciatic nerve
Obturator foramen
Large opening located in the os coxa; serves as a point of attachment for the obturator msucles
Medial condyle of femur
Large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle
Medial condyle of the femur
Large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle
Acetabulum
Large, round repression located on the lateral surface of the os coxa; area of articulation with the head of the femur
Greater trochanter
Large, rounded projection located lateral to neck and superior to shaft of femur; serves as an attachment point for gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis muscles
Quadriceps femoris
Largest muscle in the body, and usually described as four different muscles
Lateral meniscus
Laterally; crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the tibia; they act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee
Patellar surface
Located between the condyles on the anterior surface
Gracilis
Long, strap like muscle that originates on the inferior border of pubic body; and inserts into proximal medial surface of tibia. It adducts the thigh
Femur
Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body
Femur
Lower end joins the tibia to form the knee joint, where the upper end is rounded into a ball that fits into a socket in the pelvis
Lesser trochanter
Lower, medial part below the head of the femur; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle
Medial condyle of tibia
Medial expansion at proximal end of bone; flattened superior surface articulates with lateral condyle of femur, posterior aspect serves as distal attachment point for semimembranosus muscle
Piriformis
O-anterior surface of sacrum I-greater trochanter of femur A-laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip
Inferior pubic ramus
Narrow band of bone that extends along the inferior border of the pubis (to join the ischial rams) serves as an attachment point for the adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracillis muscles.
Ramus of ischium
Narrow band of bone that projects anterior from the ischial tuberosity; serves as an attachment point for the adductor magnus muscle
Ramus of ischium
Narrow band of bone that projects anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity; serves as an attachment point for the adductor magnus muscle
Superior pubic ramus
Narrow band of bone that runs along the superior aspect of the pubis
Metatarsal bones
Numbered 1-5 from the medial to lateral position, each of these have a proximal base, an intermediate shaft, and a distal head
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
O- from the anterior side of the superior tibial surface I-lateral condyle of the femur ;Prevents forward movement of the tibia under the femur
Vastus lateralis
O- greater trochanter I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-extends leg at knee (part of quadriceps group)
Semimembranosus
O- ischial tuberosity of os coxa I-medial condyle of the tibia A-flexes leg at knee
Gastrocnemius
O- medial and lateral heads; medial condyle of the femur and lateral condyle of femur I-posterior calcaneus A-plantar flexes foot
Adductor brevis
O- superior pubic ramus I-linea aspera
Rectus femoris
O-AIIS -crosses the hip and knee -does hip flexion, and knee extension
Rectus femoris
O-AIIS I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-flexes thigh at hip
Rectus femoris
O-AIIS I-quadriceps tenon to base of patella and onto tibia tuberosity A- flexes thigh at hip
Sartorius
O-ASIS I-proximal tibia A-flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip
Sartorius
O-ASIS I-tibia on the medial side A-crosses the hip and the knee; laterally rotates the hip and flexes hip and knee
Gracillis
O-Inferior border of pubic body near symphysis I-proximal medial surface of tibia A-adducts thigh at hip
Vastus intermedius
O-anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella onto tibial tuberosity A-extends leg at knee
Tensor Fascia Latae
O-anterior iliac crest I-lateral condyle of the tibia A-abducts and flexes thigh at hip
Tensor Fasciae Latae
O-anterior iliac crest I-lateral condyle of tibia A-abducts and flexes thigh at hip
Extensor Hallucis Longus
O-anterior surface of fibula I-distal phalanx of big toe A-extends toe 1, dorsiflexion and inversion
Arches
The ____________ enable the foot to support the weight of the body, provide an ideal distribution of body weight over the soft and hard tissues of the foot, and provide leverage while walking
Hip (coxal) joint
The acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur articulate to form the...?
Arches
The bones of the foot are arranged in two ______ that are held in position by ligaments and tendons.
Base of patella
The broad proximal end of this sesamoid bone, which develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femurs muscle is called the...?
Talus, calcaneous, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid
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Intercondylar fossa
The deep fossa between the femoral condyles in which the cruciate ligaments are attached
Tibia and patella
The distal end of the femur articulates with the...?
Lateral malleolus
The distal end of the fibula is more arrowhead shaped and has a projection called the _____ _____ that articulates with the talus of the ankle.
Distal tibiofibular joint
The fibula also articulates with the tibia at the fibular notch to form the _______ __________ __________.
Tibial tuberosity
The four quadriceps femoris muscles insert here.
Linea aspera
The gluteal tuberosity blends into another vertical ridge called the ______ _______. Serves as an attachment point for tendons of several thigh muscles.
Fovea capitis
The head of the femur contains a small central depression called the ___ _______.
Proximal tibiofibular joint
The head of the fibula (the proximal end) articulates with the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia below the level of the knee joint to form the ______ _____ ______.
Patella
This articulates with the lateral and medial condyles of the femur
Fibula
This does not articulate with the femur, but it does help to stabilize the ankle joint
Ilium
This forms the superior portion of the os coxa
Patella
This increases the leverage of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, maintains the position of the tendon when the knee is bent, and protects the knee joint
Coccyx
This is inferior to the sacrum
Acetabulum
This is the socket for the head of the femur, where the three parts of the hip bone converge and ossify
Tibia
This is the weight-bearing bone of the leg.
First metatarsal
This metatarsal is thicker than the others because it bears more weight.
Medial malleolus
This structure articulates with the talus of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt on the medial surface of the ankle
Medial
Three muscles on the ________ aspect of the thigh are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus
Pelvic girdle
Together, the left and right coxa bones, the sacrum and the coccyx make up this.
Patella
Triangular sesamoid bone; increases leverage of quadriceps femoris tendon
Meniscus
Two fibrocartilage discs between the tibial and femoral condyles help compensate for the irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid
Fibula
Upper end of the _______ does not reach the knee, but the lower end descends below the shin and forms part of the ankle
Linea aspera
Vertical ridge that runs along the midline of the posterior surface of the femur; medial and lateral lips serve as attachment points for adductor muscles
Ilium, ischium and pubis
What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?
Tibial tuberosity
Where does the patellar ligament attach to?
Patella
Where does the quadriceps tendon insert into?
ASIS
Where does the sartorius originate?
Medial and lateral epicondyle
Where the ligaments of the knee joint attach
Facet for lateral condyle of femur
larger of two shallow depressions on posterior surface; articulates with lateral condyle of femur
meniscus
lateral and medial; cartilage that provides shock absorption and allows gliding of the femur on the tibia
Medial malleolus of tibia
medial side of the distal end of the tibia; articulates with talus forming the medial portion of the ankle joint
