Lower limb

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Metatarsals

Articulate proximally with the first, second, and third cuneiform bones and with the cuboid to form the tarsometatarsal joints

Tibia

Articulates at the proximal end with the femur and fibula, and at its distal end with the fibula and talus bone of the ankle

Talus

Articulates on one side with the medial mallelous of the tibia and on the other side with the lateral malleolus of the fibula.

Lateral condyle of tibia

Articulates with lateral condyle of femur, and head of fibula articulates on facet just below condyle.

Lateral condyle of tibia

Articulates with lateral condyle of femur, head of fibula articulates on facet just below condyle.

Lateral condyle of tibia

Articulates with lateral condyle of femur; head of fibula articulates on facet just below .

Lateral condyle of femur

Articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia and as attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle

Lateral condyle

Articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia; attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle

Head of fibula

Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia at proximal tibiofibular joint

Head of fibula

Articulates with lateral condyle of tibia at the tibiofibular joint

Tibia

Articulates with the femur and fibula proximally, and with the fibula and talus distally

Lateral condyle of femur

Articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia

Medial condyle of femur

Articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia

Patellar ligament

Attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Quadriceps tendon

Attaches the quadriceps muscles to the patella.

Posterior gluteal line

Attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle.

Psoas Major

O-bodies and bases of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I-lesser trochanter A-flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Flexor Hallucis Longus

O-distal posterior surface of fibula I-base of distal 1st phalanx A-plantar flexion

Iliacus

O-iliac fossa of the os coxa I-lesser trochanter of femur A-flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Gluteus medius

O-ilium I-greater trochanter of the femur A-abducts

Gluteus minimus

O-illium I-greater trochanter of the femur A-abducts thigh at hip

Adductor magnus

O-inferior pubic ramus I-all the way down the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle A-biggest adductor muscle

Gracillis

O-inferior pubic ramus I-tibia

Obturator internus

O-inner surface of the obturator foramen, pubis, and ischium I-medial surface of the greater trochanter A-laterally rotates and abducts

Vastus medialis

O-intertrochanteric line I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-extends the leg at knee

Adductor Magnus

O-ischial tuberosity I-gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh, and extends thigh at hip

Semitendinosus

O-ischial tuberosity I-proximal tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity A-flexes leg at knee

Quadratus femoris

O-ischial tuberosity I-quadrate tubercle near base of trochanter A-laterally rotates and helps adduct thigh at hip

Biceps femoris

O-ischial tuberosity of os coxa I-the head of the fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A-flexes leg at knee

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O-lateral condyle of the tibia I-middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A-extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexion

Adductor Brevis

O-lateral surface of inferior ramus of pubis I-proximal portion of linea aspera A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Biceps femoris

O-linea aspera I-head of fibula and lateral condyle of fibula A-flexes leg at knee

Flexor Digitorum Longus

O-medial half of middle posterior surface of tibia I-bases of distal phalanges 2-5 A-plantar flexion

Pectineus

O-pectineal line along superior rams of pubis I-posterior surface of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Soleus

O-proximal posterior surface of the tibia I-posterior calcaneus A-plantar flexion

Adductor Longus

O-superior aspect of pubis, below pubic tubercle I-linea aspera of femur A-adducts and flexes thigh at hip

Adductor longus

O-superior pubic ramus I-linea aspera

Tibialis Anterior

O-tibia I- medial side of the foot A-inversion and dorsiflexion

Tibialis Posterior

O-tibialis posterior I-planter surface of the foot O-plantar flexion and inversion

Vastus lateralis

O: Greater trochanter I: tibial tuberosity A:Extends leg at knee

Pectineus

O: pectineal line (along superior ramus of pubis) I: posterior surface of femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter A: flexes and adducts thigh

Pectineus

O: pectineal line of the pubis I: pectineal line of the femur (leads from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera) A:most anterior adductor of the hip -hip flexion

Adductor magnus

O:inferior pubic ramus I:all the way down the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle A: adductor

Vastus medialis

O:intertrochanteric line I:tibial tuberosity A: knee extension

Adductor longus

O:superior pubic ramus I:linea aspera

Soleal line of tibia

Oblique line along proximal surface of the tibia, serves as attachment points for popliteus and soleus muscle

Tibial tuberosity

On the anterior surface of the tibia, and is a point of attachment for the patellar ligament

Lateral meniscus

On the tibia, or knee; a thick crescent shape of cartilage that acts as padding. Provides shock absorption as well as lubrication and stabilization.

Tibia

Our of all the long bone of the body, which is the most frequently fractured?

Bursa

Padding and cushioning, helps the patella glide smoothly over the femoral condyles, mostly the patella

Fibula

Parallel and lateral to the tibia, but considerably smaller

Lateral malleolus of fibula

Pointed distal end of the fibula; articulates with talus, forming the lateral portion of the ankle joint; serves as proximal attachment for three components of lateral (collateral) ligament of the ankle

Apex

Pointed distal end of the patella

Apex of patella

Pointed inferior margin of the patella

Medial condyle of tibia

Posterior aspect serves as distal attachment point for semimembranosus muscle

Greater trochanter of the femur

Projection at the proximal end of the femur, and more lateral to the thigh.

Pubic tubercle

Projection from pubic crest; serves as attachment point for inguinal ligament

ASIS

Projection from the anterior portion of the crest of the os coxa; attachment point for sartorius.

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Projections at the proximal end (near the neck of the femur) that serve as attachment points for the tendons and some thigh and buttock muscles. Medial and inferior.

Arcuate line

Prominent bony ridge inferior to the auricular surface that arches across the internal aspect of ilium

Medial epicondyle

Prominent medial protrusion;attachment point for (medial) collateral ligament

Tubercle of the iliac crest

Prominent projection of the os coxa from the lateral view; from the outer lip of crest, near its midpoint

Intertrochanteric crest

Prominent ridge that runs along posterior surface of femur from the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle

Auricular surface

Prominent roughened sulcus (groove) the runs anteriorly along internal surface of ilium from posterior inferior spine; area of articulation with auricular surface of sacrum

Head of femur

Prominent, ball-shaped structure on proximal end of bone; articulates with acetabulum of os coxa (hip bone)

Tuberosity of tibia

Raised, roughened area inferior to the condyles on anterior surface; serves as attachment point for patellar ligament (quadriceps muscle group)

Tibial tuberosity

Raised, roughened area inferior to the condyles on tibia; serves as attachment point for patellar ligament.

Quadriceps femoris

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius are collectively known as the _________ ______________.

Pubic symphysis

Region where the two pubic bones articulate anteriorly

Pubic crest

Ridge along superior aspect of pubic body; serves as an attachment point for rectus abdonimus, external oblique, internal oblique, and tranversus abdominus muscles

Ischial tuberosity

Serves as an attachment point for the hamstring muscles and supports the weight of the body when sitting

Medial epicondyle of femur

Serves as attachment point for tibial (medial) collateral ligament.

Medial condyle of tibia

Serves as distal attachment point for semimembranous muscle.

Ischial spine

Sharp projection that extends from the posterior margin of the ischium; serves as an attachment point for the sacrospinous ligament

Ischial spine

Sharp projection that extends from the posterior margin; serves as an attachment for the sacrospinous ligament.

Anterior crest (border of tibia)

Sharpened, anterior margin that extends from the tibial tuberosity to the medial malleolus; most prominent in the proximal two-third of the bone; deep fascia of the leg attaches here

Quadrate tubercle

Slight elevation on intertrochanteric crest, next to the greater trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle

Gluteal tuberosity

Slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus musclce

Gluteal tuberosity

Slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle

Intertrochanteric line

Slightly elevated ridge that runs along anterior surface from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter.

Intertrochanteric line

Slightly elevated ridge that runs along anterior surface from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter; serves as attachment point for ligaments that hold femur to the hip

Fovea capitis

Small depression in head; attachment site for the round (teres) ligament

Fovea capitis

Small depression on medial side of the head of the femur; attachment site for round (teres) ligament

Intercondylar eminence of tibia

Small elevation between medial and lateral condyles of tibia, attachment points for ACL and PCL and for central tips of the medial and lateral menisci

Adductor tubercle

Small elevation on superior surface of medial condyle of femur; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle

Adductor tubercle of the femur

Small elevation on superior surface of medial condyle; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle

Lateral epicondyle

Small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyle of the femur; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Lateral epicondyle

Small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyle; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

AIIS

Small projection found below the superior spine of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for the rectus femoris muscle

PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)

Small projection from the posterior of the crest of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for ligaments that hold the pelvis together

Lesser trochanter

Small prominence on medial side of the femur just inferior to neck; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle

Pectineal line

Small ridge on posterior surface of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter; serves as superior attachment point for pectineus muscle

Pectineal line

Small ridge on posterior surface of the femur just inferior to lesser trochanter; serves as superior attachment point for pectineus msucle

Patella

Small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint

Facet for medial condyle of femur

Smaller of two shallow depressions on posterior surface; articulates with medial condyle of femur

Patellar surface

Smooth surface that covers anterior portion of condyles; region of articulation with patella

Base

Somewhat flatten superior margin of patella

Iliac crest

Superior margin of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for tensor fasciae latae.

Bone grafting

Taking a piece of bone from the body to replace a missing bone in another part of the body

Talus

Tarsal bone arranged in a group, called the tarsus, so that it can move freely where it joins the tibia and fibula

Cuboid

Tarsal bone on the outer side of the foot in front of the calcaneus

Lateral part

The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch also begins at the calcaneus, it rises at the cuboid and descends to the heads of the two lateral metatarsals

Medial portion

The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch is so high that the medial portion of the foot between the ball and hell does not touch the ground when you walk on a hard surface

Medial part

The _____ ______ of the longitudinal arch, which originates in the calcaneus, rises to the talus and defends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the three medial metatarsals

Adductors

The ______ originate on the pubic bone and insert on the femur

Ligament

The __________ of the head of the femur connects the fovea capitis of the femur to the acetabulum of the hip bone

Psoas major

The iliac us shares a common insertion (lesser trochanter of femur) with the ___________ ________.

Metatarsus

The intermediate region of the foot, consisting of five metatarsal bones

Three joints

The knee joint is a hinge joint that consists of _____ joints within a single synovial cavity

Tibiofemoral joints

The lateral and medial condyles of the tibia, articulate with the condyles of the femur to form the lateral and medial _______ _______

Sacrum

The left and right os coxa bones articulate posteriorly with the _____.

Pubis symphysis

The left and right os coxa bones meet anteriorly at the _______ ________ joint.

Pelvic girdle

The majority of muscles that move the femur originate where...?

Tibia

The medial and larger of the two bones of the leg, articulating with the femur, fibula, and talus

Medial malleolus

The medial surface of the distal end of the tibia forms the ____ ______ .

Talus

The most superior tarsal bone, is the only bone of the foot that articulates with the fibula and tibia.

Fibula

The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle, parallel with the tibia.... remember LA

Femur

The patella glides over the ______.

Gluteus maximus

The piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gelellus, and quadratus femoris muscles are all deep to the _____ _____ muscle and function as lateral rotators of the femur at the hip joint

Articular facets

The posterior surface of the patella contains two ____ _____ once for the medial condyle of the femur and another for the lateral condyle of the femur

Acetabulum

The proximal end of the femur articulates with the...?

Lateral and medial condyle

The proximal end of the tibia is expanded into a _____ and ____ ______

Iliopsoas group

The psoas major and iliacus are collectively known as the _________?

Lesser trochanter of femur

The psoas major and the iliacus share a common insertion which is the ______ _________.

Patellar ligament

The quadriceps tendon inserts into the patella and continues below the patella as the _______ ________.

Linea Aspera

The rough crest of bone running down the posterior shaft of the femur, the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and short head of the biceps femoris muscles all attach to this landmark.

Intertrochanteric crest

The rounded ridge that connects the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur posteriorly.

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

The sartorius originates here

Medial condyle of the tibia

The semimembranosus muscle attaches here

Anterior border of the tibia

The sharp subcutaneous ridge of the tibia that extends from the tuberosity to the anterior part of the medial mallelous

Tibia

The shinbone, the larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg

Intercondylar eminence

The slightly concave condyles on the tibia are separated by an upward projection called the ___ ______

Sartorius

What is also known as the tailors muscle?

Os coxa

What is another name for a hip bone?

Quadriceps tendon

What is the common tendon for the four quadriceps muscles known as?

Cuneiform bones

(wedge shaped) Three of these, they are called the third (lateral), second (intermediate) and the first (medial)

Talocrural joint

Another word for ankle joint

Articular facet for medial femoral condyle

...

Inguinal ligament

...

Medial collateral ligament

...

Obturator externus

...

Patellar ligament

...

Sarcoiliac joint

...

Tibia

...

Tibial collateral ligament

...

Neck

A broken hip is most associated with the ____ of the femur

Clawfoot

A condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is abnormally elevated

Patella

A large sesamoid bone, in the combined tendon of the quadriceps femoris, covering the anterior surface of the knee

Intertrochanteric chest

A ridge between the posterior surfaces of the trochanters.

Pubic tubercle

A rounded eminence on the upper margin of each pubis near the pubic symphysis

Inferior gluteal line

A slightly elevated ridge that runs diagonally from anterior to posterior along the lateral surface of the os coxa above the acetabulum; serves an an attachment point for gluteus minimus muscle.

Anterior gluteal line

A slightly elevated, curved ridge that runs along the middle portion of the lateral surface of the os coxa; serves as an attachment point for the gluteus medius muscle.

Lesser sciatic notch

A small indentation along the posterior margin of the os coxa, inferior to the ischial spine; forms part of a foramen for nerves and vessels that exit the pelvis

Transverse ligament of the knee

A transverse band that passes between the lateral and medial menisci in the front part of the knee joint

Tensor fascia latae

Apart of the gluteal group, as well as the gluteus muscles.

No

Are the arches rigid?

Hamstrings group

All of these originate from the ischial tuberosity, and have extension at the hip

Tarsus

Ankle (this is the proximal region of the foot and consists of seven tarsal bones)

Talus

Ankle bone

Talocrural

Ankle joint; between distal end of tibia and its medial malleolus and talus, and between lateral malleolus of fibula and talus

Anterior border

Another name for shin; inferior and continuous with the tibial tuberosity, and is a sharp ridge

Hallux

Another name for the big toe, or great toe; has a proximal and distal phalanges

Tibiofemoral joint

Another name for the knee point

Inguinal ligament

Band running from the pubic tubercle to the ASIS

Three

Besides the hallux, how many phalanges does the other toes have?

Intertrochanteric line

Between the anterior surface of the trochanters is a narrow _____ _______

Intercondylar eminence

Between the condyles on the tibia

Patellofemoral joint

Between the posterior surface of the patella and the patellar surface of the femur

Navicular

Boat shaped bone between the talus and the cuneiform bones

Iliac fossa

Broad depression located along the anteromedial surface of the os coxa; serves as attachment point for the iliacus muscle

Iliac fossa

Broad depression located along the medial surface of the os coxa; attachment point for the iliacus muscle

Medial malleolus

Bump on your ankle that belongs to the tibia

Lateral malleolus

Bump on your ankle that belongs to your fibula

Gluteus maximus

Chief extensor of the femur

Patellar ligament

Common tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which forms the patella to the tibial tuberosity

Phalanges

Comprise the distal component of the foot and resemble those of the hand

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia at the knee joint. Prevents the knee joint's inner side from widening.

Interosseous membrane

Connects the tibia and fibula

Intercondylar fossa

Depressed area between the condyles on the posterior surface

Fibular notch of tibia

Depression on lateral side of the distal tibia; articulates with distal end of fibula

Lateral condyle of the femur

Distal end of the femur on the lateral side;articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia and attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle

Medial malleolus

Distal, medial, end of the tibia. Articulates with the talus.

Metatarsophalangeal

Distally, the metatarsals articulate with the proximal row of phalanges to form the ________________ joints

Calcaneus

During walking, the talus transmits about half the weight of the body to the ___________. The remainder is transmitted to the other tarsal bones.

Phalanx

Each ________ consists of a base, shaft, and head

Intercondylar eminence

Elevation on the proximal extremity of the tibia between the two articular surfaces

Interosseous membrane

Extends between the interosseous crests of the tibia and fibula, helps stabilize the tibia-fibula relationship

Pubic body

Flattened, medial portion of the pubis, serves as an attachment point for the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and gracilis muscles

Hip joint

Formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum

Pubis

Forms the lower anterior portion of the os coxa

Ischium

Forms the lower posterior portion of the os coxa

Transverse arch

Found between the medial and lateral aspects of the foot and is formed by the navicular, three cuneiforms, and the bases of the 5 metatarsals

Quadriceps Femoris

Four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis I:patella A: extends leg, flexes thigh by rectus femoris

Tibial tuberosity

Front of the tibia, and can be easily felt,

Anterior cruciate ligament

Goes from the anterior side of the tibia into the lateral side of the femur

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Goes from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

Posterior cruciate ligament

Goes from the posterior side of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Goes from the posterior side of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur

Longitudinal arch

Has two parts, both of which consist of tarsal and metatarsal bones arranged to form an arch from the anterior to the posterior part of the floor

Calcaneus

Heel, largest and strongest tarsal bone

Tibiogemoral joint

Hinge joint between tibia and femur

Fibular notch

Hollow on the lateral surface of the lower end of the tibia in which the fibula is lodged

Vastus intermedius

I: tibial tuberosity A: knee extension

Flatfoot

If the ligaments and tendons are weakened, the height of the medial longitudinal arch may decrease or fall, and this is the result

Piriformis

In the lateral rotator group O- sacrum I-greater trochanter of the femur A-lateral rotator of the thigh

Lateral supracondylar ridge

Inferior extension of lateral lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across the posterior aspect of bone; serves as an attachment point for vastus lateralis muscle

Medial supracondylar ridge

Inferior extension of medial lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across posterior aspect of femur, serves as attachment point for vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles

Gluteal tuberosity

Inferior to the intertrochanteric chest on the posterior surface of the femur is a vertical ridge called the ______ _______. Serves as an attachment point for the tendons of several thigh muscles.

Knee joint

Involves femur, tibia and patella

Pubic symphysis

Joint between anterior surfaces of hip bones

Sacroiliac

Joint between auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilia of hip bones

Tibiofibular (distal)

Joint between distal end of fibula and fibular notch of tibia

Tibiofibular (proximal)

Joint between head of lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula

Metatarsophalangeal

Joint between heads of metatarsals and bases of proximal phalanges

Interphalangeal

Joint between heads of phalanges and bases of more distal phalanges

Tibiofemoral joint

Joint between the lateral condyle of the femur, lateral meniscus, and lateral condyle of the tibia

Tibiofemoral joint

Joint between the medial condyle of the femur, medial meniscus and medial condyle of the tibia

Patellofemoral joint

Joint between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur

Tarsometatarsal

Joint between three cuneiforms of tarsus and bases of five metatarsal bones

Interphalangeal joints

Joints between phalanges of the foot, like those in the hand, are called

Intertarsal joints

Joints between the tarsal bones are called ______ _______.

PIIS (posterior inferior iliac spine)

Just below the PSIS. Serves as an attachment point for ligaments that hold the pelvis together

Adductor tubercle

Just superior to the medial epicondyle, a roughened projection that is a site of attachment for the adductor magnus muscle

Intercondylar notch (fossa)

Large depression located between medial and lateral condyles on posterior surface; articulates with intercondylar eminence of tibia

Greater sciatic notch

Large indentation located below the posterior inferior spine of the os coxa; forms a passageway for the sciatic nerve

Obturator foramen

Large opening located in the os coxa; serves as a point of attachment for the obturator msucles

Medial condyle of femur

Large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle

Medial condyle of the femur

Large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle

Acetabulum

Large, round repression located on the lateral surface of the os coxa; area of articulation with the head of the femur

Greater trochanter

Large, rounded projection located lateral to neck and superior to shaft of femur; serves as an attachment point for gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis muscles

Quadriceps femoris

Largest muscle in the body, and usually described as four different muscles

Lateral meniscus

Laterally; crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the tibia; they act as shock absorbers and stabilize the knee

Patellar surface

Located between the condyles on the anterior surface

Gracilis

Long, strap like muscle that originates on the inferior border of pubic body; and inserts into proximal medial surface of tibia. It adducts the thigh

Femur

Longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body

Femur

Lower end joins the tibia to form the knee joint, where the upper end is rounded into a ball that fits into a socket in the pelvis

Lesser trochanter

Lower, medial part below the head of the femur; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle

Medial condyle of tibia

Medial expansion at proximal end of bone; flattened superior surface articulates with lateral condyle of femur, posterior aspect serves as distal attachment point for semimembranosus muscle

Piriformis

O-anterior surface of sacrum I-greater trochanter of femur A-laterally rotates and abducts thigh at hip

Inferior pubic ramus

Narrow band of bone that extends along the inferior border of the pubis (to join the ischial rams) serves as an attachment point for the adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracillis muscles.

Ramus of ischium

Narrow band of bone that projects anterior from the ischial tuberosity; serves as an attachment point for the adductor magnus muscle

Ramus of ischium

Narrow band of bone that projects anteriorly from the ischial tuberosity; serves as an attachment point for the adductor magnus muscle

Superior pubic ramus

Narrow band of bone that runs along the superior aspect of the pubis

Metatarsal bones

Numbered 1-5 from the medial to lateral position, each of these have a proximal base, an intermediate shaft, and a distal head

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

O- from the anterior side of the superior tibial surface I-lateral condyle of the femur ;Prevents forward movement of the tibia under the femur

Vastus lateralis

O- greater trochanter I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-extends leg at knee (part of quadriceps group)

Semimembranosus

O- ischial tuberosity of os coxa I-medial condyle of the tibia A-flexes leg at knee

Gastrocnemius

O- medial and lateral heads; medial condyle of the femur and lateral condyle of femur I-posterior calcaneus A-plantar flexes foot

Adductor brevis

O- superior pubic ramus I-linea aspera

Rectus femoris

O-AIIS -crosses the hip and knee -does hip flexion, and knee extension

Rectus femoris

O-AIIS I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity A-flexes thigh at hip

Rectus femoris

O-AIIS I-quadriceps tenon to base of patella and onto tibia tuberosity A- flexes thigh at hip

Sartorius

O-ASIS I-proximal tibia A-flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip

Sartorius

O-ASIS I-tibia on the medial side A-crosses the hip and the knee; laterally rotates the hip and flexes hip and knee

Gracillis

O-Inferior border of pubic body near symphysis I-proximal medial surface of tibia A-adducts thigh at hip

Vastus intermedius

O-anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur I-quadriceps tendon to base of patella onto tibial tuberosity A-extends leg at knee

Tensor Fascia Latae

O-anterior iliac crest I-lateral condyle of the tibia A-abducts and flexes thigh at hip

Tensor Fasciae Latae

O-anterior iliac crest I-lateral condyle of tibia A-abducts and flexes thigh at hip

Extensor Hallucis Longus

O-anterior surface of fibula I-distal phalanx of big toe A-extends toe 1, dorsiflexion and inversion

Arches

The ____________ enable the foot to support the weight of the body, provide an ideal distribution of body weight over the soft and hard tissues of the foot, and provide leverage while walking

Hip (coxal) joint

The acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur articulate to form the...?

Arches

The bones of the foot are arranged in two ______ that are held in position by ligaments and tendons.

Base of patella

The broad proximal end of this sesamoid bone, which develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femurs muscle is called the...?

Talus, calcaneous, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid

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Intercondylar fossa

The deep fossa between the femoral condyles in which the cruciate ligaments are attached

Tibia and patella

The distal end of the femur articulates with the...?

Lateral malleolus

The distal end of the fibula is more arrowhead shaped and has a projection called the _____ _____ that articulates with the talus of the ankle.

Distal tibiofibular joint

The fibula also articulates with the tibia at the fibular notch to form the _______ __________ __________.

Tibial tuberosity

The four quadriceps femoris muscles insert here.

Linea aspera

The gluteal tuberosity blends into another vertical ridge called the ______ _______. Serves as an attachment point for tendons of several thigh muscles.

Fovea capitis

The head of the femur contains a small central depression called the ___ _______.

Proximal tibiofibular joint

The head of the fibula (the proximal end) articulates with the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia below the level of the knee joint to form the ______ _____ ______.

Patella

This articulates with the lateral and medial condyles of the femur

Fibula

This does not articulate with the femur, but it does help to stabilize the ankle joint

Ilium

This forms the superior portion of the os coxa

Patella

This increases the leverage of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, maintains the position of the tendon when the knee is bent, and protects the knee joint

Coccyx

This is inferior to the sacrum

Acetabulum

This is the socket for the head of the femur, where the three parts of the hip bone converge and ossify

Tibia

This is the weight-bearing bone of the leg.

First metatarsal

This metatarsal is thicker than the others because it bears more weight.

Medial malleolus

This structure articulates with the talus of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt on the medial surface of the ankle

Medial

Three muscles on the ________ aspect of the thigh are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus

Pelvic girdle

Together, the left and right coxa bones, the sacrum and the coccyx make up this.

Patella

Triangular sesamoid bone; increases leverage of quadriceps femoris tendon

Meniscus

Two fibrocartilage discs between the tibial and femoral condyles help compensate for the irregular shapes of the bones and circulate synovial fluid

Fibula

Upper end of the _______ does not reach the knee, but the lower end descends below the shin and forms part of the ankle

Linea aspera

Vertical ridge that runs along the midline of the posterior surface of the femur; medial and lateral lips serve as attachment points for adductor muscles

Ilium, ischium and pubis

What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?

Tibial tuberosity

Where does the patellar ligament attach to?

Patella

Where does the quadriceps tendon insert into?

ASIS

Where does the sartorius originate?

Medial and lateral epicondyle

Where the ligaments of the knee joint attach

Facet for lateral condyle of femur

larger of two shallow depressions on posterior surface; articulates with lateral condyle of femur

meniscus

lateral and medial; cartilage that provides shock absorption and allows gliding of the femur on the tibia

Medial malleolus of tibia

medial side of the distal end of the tibia; articulates with talus forming the medial portion of the ankle joint


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