LPIC ALL CHAPTERS

What parameter can you pass to ln to create a soft link? (Select two.) A. -s B. --soft C. --slink D. --symbolic E. --sl

A. -s D. --symbolic

Which of the following configuration files does the logrotate program consult for its settings? A. /etc/logrotate.conf B. /usr/sbin/logrotate/logrotate.conf C. /usr/src/logrotate/logrotate.conf D. /etc/logrotate/.conf E. ∼/.logrotate

A. /etc/logrotate.conf

Which files contain essential system information such as IRQs, direct-memory access channels, and I/O addresses? (Select three.)' A. /proc/ioports B. /proc/ioaddresses C. /proc/dma D. /proc/interrupts E. /proc/hardware

A. /proc/ioports C. /proc/dma D. /proc/interrupts

Which SysV runlevels are reserved by init for reboot, shutdown, and single-user mode purposes? (Select three.) A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 5 E. 6

A. 0 B. 1 E. 6

A system administrator types the following command: # shutdown -c What is the effect of this command? A. A previously scheduled shutdown is cancelled. B. The system shuts down and reboots immediately. C. The system shuts down and halts immediately. D. The system asks for confirmation and then shuts down. E. The system closes all open windows in X without shutting down.

A. A previously scheduled shutdown is cancelled.

You type mkdir one/two/three and receive an error message that reads, in part, No such file or directory. What can you do to overcome this problem? (Select two.) A. Add the --parents parameter to the mkdir command. B. Issue three separate mkdir commands: mkdir one, then mkdir one/two, and then mkdir one/two/three. C. Type touch /bin/mkdir to be sure the mkdir program file exists. D. Type rmdir one to clear away the interfering base of the desired new directory tree. E. Type mktree one/two/three instead of mkdir one/two/three.

A. Add the --parents parameter to the mkdir command. B. Issue three separate mkdir commands: mkdir one, then mkdir one/two, and then mkdir one/two/three.

You've discovered that the Waiter program (a network server) is running inappropriately on your computer. You therefore locate its startup script and shut it down by removing that script. How can you further reduce the risk that outsiders will abuse the Waiter program? (Select two.) A. By blocking the Waiter program's port using a firewall rule B. By reading the Waiter program's documentation to learn how to run it in stealthmode C. By tunneling the Waiter program's port through SSH D. By uninstalling the Waiter package E. By uninstalling any clients associated with Waiter from the server computer

A. By blocking the Waiter program's port using a firewall rule D. By uninstalling the Waiter package

To assis an eployee who has trouble with keyboard repeat features, you've disabled this function in /etc/x11/xorg.conf. Why might this step not be sufficient for the goal of disabling keyboard repeat? A. GNOME, KDE, or other desktop environment settings for keyboard repeat may override those set in xorg.conf. B.The xorg.conf file has been deprecated; you should instead adjust the /etc/X11/XF86Config file C. Keyboard settings in xorg.conf apply only to Bluetooth keybards; you must use usbkbrate to adjust keyboard repeat for USB keyboards. D. You must also locate and reset the DIP switch on the keyboard to disable keyboard repeat. E. The keyboard repeat options in xorg.conf work only if the keyboard's nationality is set incorrectly, which is not often.

A. GNOME, KDE, or other desktop environment settings for keyboard repeat may override those set in xorg.conf.

The string root (hd1,5) appears in your /boot/grub/menu.lst file. What does this mean? A. GRUB Legacy tells the kernel that the kernel's root partition is the fifth partition of the first disk. B. GRUB Legacy looks for files on the sixth partition of the second disk. C. GRUB Legacy looks for files on the fifth partition of the first disk. D. GRUB Legacy installs itself in /dev/hd1,5. E. GRUB Legacy installs itself in /dev/sdb5.

A. GRUB Legacy tells the kernel that the kernel's root partition is the fifth partition of the first disk.

Which of the following pieces of information can df not report? A. How long the filesystem has been mounted B. The number of inodes used on an ext3fs partition C. The filesystem type of a partition D. The percentage of available disk space used on a partition E. The mount point associated with a filesystem

A. How long the filesystem has been mounted

How would you remove two lines of text from a file using vi? A. In command mode, position the cursor on the first line and type 2dd. B. In command mode, position the cursor on the last line and type 2yy. C. In insert mode, position the cursor at the start of the first line, hold down the Shift key while pressing the Down arrow key twice, and press the Delete key on the keyboard. D. In insert mode, position the cursor at the start of the first line, and press Ctrl+K twice. E. Using your mouse, select both lines and then press the Delete or Backspace key.

A. In command mode, position the cursor on the first line and type 2dd.

What does the pwd command accomplish? A. It prints the name of the working directory. B. It changes the current working directory. C. It prints wide displays on narrow paper. D. It parses web page URLs for display. E. It prints the terminal's width in characters.

A. It prints the name of the working directory

Which is true of using both RPM and Debian package management systems on one computer? A. It's generally inadvisable because the two systems don't share installed-file database information. B. It's impossible because their installed-file databases conflict with one another. C. It causes no problems if you install important libraries once in each format. D. It's a common practice on Red Hat and Debian systems. E. Using both systems simultaneously requires installing the alien program.

A. It's generally inadvisable because the two systems don't share installed-file database information.

The /etc/sudoers file on a computer includes the following line. What is its effect? %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL A. Members of the admin group may run all programs with root privileges by using sudo. B. Users in the admin user alias, defined earlier in the file, may run all programs with root privileges by using sudo. C. The admin user alias is defined to include all users on the system. D. The admin command alias is defined to include all commands. E. The user admin may run all programs on the computer as root by using sudo.

A. Members of the admin group may run all programs with root privileges by using sudo.

Which of the following are true statements about SQL tables? (Select two.) A. Multiple tables may exist in a single SQL database. B. Tables may be combined for cross-table searches using the DROP command. C. Tables consist of rows, each of which holds attributes, and columns, each of which defines a specific database item. D. Careful table design can reduce the amount of data entry and database storage size. E. Tables are stored on disk using a lossy compression algorithm.

A. Multiple tables may exist in a single SQL database. D. Careful table design can reduce the amount of data entry and database storage size.

Which of the following tools might you use to check for open ports on a local computer? (Select three.) A. Nmap B. netstat C. lsof D. portmap E. services

A. Nmap B. netstat C. lsof

You want to create a link from your home directory on your hard disk to a directory on a DVD drive. Which of the following link types might you use? A. Only a symbolic link B. Only a hard link C. Either a symbolic or a hard link D. Only a hard link, and then only if both directories use the same low-level filesystem E. None of the above; such links aren't possible under Linux

A. Only a symbolic link

Which of the following types of attacks involves sending bogus email to lure unsuspecting individuals into divulging sensitive financial or other information? A. Phishing B. Script kiddies C. Spoofing D. Ensnaring E. Hacking

A. Phishing

How might you schedule a script to run once a day on a Linux computer? (Select two.) A. Place the script, or a link to it, in /etc/cron.daily. B. Use the at command to schedule the specified script to run on a daily basis at a time of your choosing. C. Create a user cron job that calls the specified script once a day at a time of your choosing, and install that cron job using crontab. D. Use run-parts to schedule the specified script to run on a daily basis. E. Type crontab -d scriptname, where scriptname is the name of your script.

A. Place the script, or a link to it, in /etc/cron.daily. C. Create a user cron job that calls the specified script once a day at a time of your choosing, and install that cron job using crontab

When you configure an X server, you need to make changes to configuration files and then start or restart the X server. Which of the following can help streamline this process? A. Shut down X by switching to a runlevel in which X doesn't run automatically, and then reconfigure it and use startx to test X startup. B. Shut down X by booting into single-user mode, and then reconfigure X and use telinit to start X running again. C. Reconfigure X, and then unplug the computer to avoid the lengthy shutdown process before restarting the system and X along with it. D. Use the startx utility to check the X configuration file for errors before restarting the X server. E. Connect the Linux computer's network port directly to the X server, without using any intervening routers, in order to reduce network latency.

A. Shut down X by switching to a runlevel in which X doesn't run automatically, and then reconfigure it and use startx to test X startup.

How do the > and >> redirection operators differ? A. The > operator creates a new file or overwrites an existing one; the >> operator creates a new file or appends to an existing one. B. The > operator creates a new file or overwrites an existing one; the >> operator appends to an existing file or issues an error message if the specified file doesn't exist. C. The > operator redirects standard output; the >> operator redirects standard error. D. The > operator redirects standard output; the >> operator redirects standard input. E. The > operator writes to an existing file but fails if the file doesn't exist; the >> operator writes to an existing file or creates a new one if it doesn't already exist.

A. The > operator creates a new file or overwrites an existing one; the >> operator creates a new file or appends to an existing one.

You discover that an MBR hard disk has partitions with type codes of 0x0f, 0x82, and 0x83. Assuming these type codes are accurate, what can you conclude about the disk? A. The disk holds a partial or complete Linux system. B. The disk holds a Windows installation. C. The disk holds a FreeBSD installation. D. The disk is corrupt; those partition type codes are incompatible. E. The disk holds a Mac OS X installation.

A. The disk holds a partial or complete Linux system.

What is the effect of the following command? $ pr report.txt | lpr A. The file report.txt is formatted for printing and sent to the lpr program. B. The files report.txt and lpr are combined together into one file and sent to standard output. C. Tabs are converted to spaces in report.txt, and the result is saved in lpr. D. The file report.txt is printed, and any error messages are stored in the file lpr. E. None of the above.

A. The file report.txt is formatted for printing and sent to the lpr program.

Which of the following file-location commands is likely to take the most time to find a file that may be located anywhere on the computer (assuming the operation succeeds)? A. The find command. B. The locate command. C. The whereis command. D. The type command. E. They're all equal in speed.

A. The find command.

What tool would you use to disable a motherboard's sound hardware if you don't want to use it? A. The firmware. B. The alsactl utility. C. The lsmod command. D. The lspci program. E. None of the above; onboard sound devices can't be disabled.

A. The firmware.

As root, you type date 12110710. What will be the effect? A. The software clock will be set to 7:10 a.m. on December 11 of the current year. B. The software clock will be set to 12:11 p.m. on October 7 of the current year. C. The software clock will be set to 7:10 a.m. on November 12 of the current year. D. The software clock will be set to 12:11 p.m. on July 10 of the current year. E. The software clock will be set to July 10 in the year 1211.

A. The software clock will be set to 7:10 a.m. on December 11 of the current year.

An administrator types chage -M 7 time. What is the effect of this command? A. The time account's password must be changed at least once every seven days. B. All users must change their passwords at least once every seven days. C. All users are permitted to change their passwords at most seven times. D. The time account's age is set to seven months. E. The account database's time stamp is set to seven months ago.

A. The time account's password must be changed at least once every seven days.

Which types of network hardware does Linux support? (Select three.) A. Token Ring B. Ethernet C. DHCP D. NetBEUI E. Fibre Channel

A. Token Ring B. Ethernet E. Fibre Channel

What is the surest way to run a program (say, myprog) that's located in the current working directory? A. Type ./ followed by the program name: ./myprog. B. Type the program name alone: myprog. C. Type run followed by the program name: run myprog. D. Type /. followed by the program name: /.myprog. E. Type the program name followed by an ampersand (&): myprog &.

A. Type ./ followed by the program name: ./myprog.

You want to enter insert mode from vi's command mode. How might you do this? (Select three.) A. Type R. B. Type i. C. Type a. D. Type :. E. Press Esc.

A. Type R. B. Type i. C. Type a.

What is the minimum safe procedure for removing a USB flash drive, mounted from /dev/sdb1 at /media/usb, from a Linux computer? A. Type umount /media/usb, wait for the command to return and disk-activity lights to stop, and then unplug the drive. B. Unplug the drive, and then type umount /media/usb to ensure that Linux registers the drive's removal from the system. C. Unplug the drive, and then type sync /dev/sdb1 to flush the caches to ensure that problems don't develop. D. Type usbdrive-remove, and then quickly remove the disk before its activity light stops blinking. E. Type fsck /dev/sdb1, wait for the command to return and disk-activity lights to stop, and then unplug the drive.

A. Type umount /media/usb, wait for the command to return and disk-activity lights to stop, and then unplug the drive.

Which character set encoding is the preferred method on modern Linux systems? A. UTF-8 B. ASCII C. ISO-8859-1 D. ISO-8859-8 E. ATASCII

A. UTF-8

You find that the ssh_host_dsa_key file in /etc/ssh has 0666 (-rw-rw-rw-) permissions. Your SSH server has been in operation for several months. Should you be concerned? A. Yes B. No C. Only if the ssh_host_dsa_key.pub file is also world- readable D. Only if you're launching SSH from a super server E. Only if you're using a laptop computer

A. Yes

You use top to examine the CPU time being consumed by various processes on your system. You discover that one process, dfcomp, is consuming more than 90 percent of your system's CPU time. What can you conclude? A. Very little: dfcomp could be legitimately consuming that much CPU time, or it could be an unauthorized or malfunctioning program. B. No program should consume 90 percent of available CPU time; dfcomp is clearly malfunctioning and should be terminated. C. This is normal; dfcomp is the kernel's main scheduling process, and it consumes any unused CPU time. D. This behavior is normal if your CPU is less powerful than a 2.5 GHz EM64T Pentium. However, on newer systems, no program should consume 90 percent of CPU time. E. This behavior is normal if your CPU has at least four cores, but on systems with fewer cores than this, no program should consume 90 percent of CPU time.

A. Very little: dfcomp could be legitimately consuming that much CPU time, or it could be an unauthorized or malfunctioning program.

To diagnose a problem with an IMAP server (imap.example.com), you type telnet imap.example.com 143 from a remote client. How can this procedure help you? (Select two.) A. You can verify basic connectivity between the client computer and the server program. B. By examining the output, you can locate intermediate routers that are misbehaving. C. By using an encrypted protocol, you ensure that a packet-sniffing intruder doesn't cause problems. D. Once connected, you can type IMAP commands to test the server's response to them. E. Once you've logged into the remote system, you can examine its IMAP log files.

A. You can verify basic connectivity between the client computer and the server program. D. Once connected, you can type IMAP commands to test the server's response to them.

You want to create a shortcut command for the command cd ∼/papers/trade. Which of the following lines, if entered in a bash startup script, will accomplish this goal? A. alias cdpt='cd ∼/papers/trade' B. export cdpt='cd ∼/papers/trade' C. alias cdpt 'cd ∼/papers/trade' D. alias cd 'cdpt ∼/papers/trade' E. env cdpt `cd ∼/papers/trade`

A. alias cdpt='cd ∼/papers/trade'

Which of the following commands might bring up an interface on eth1? (Select two.) A. dhclient eth1 B. ifup eth1 C. ifconfig eth1 D. network eth1 E. netstat -up eth1

A. dhclient eth1 B. ifup eth1

What commands might you use (along with appropriate options) to learn the value of a specific environment variable? (Select two.) A. env B. DISPLAY C. export D. echo E. cat

A. env D. echo

If typed in a bash shell, which of the following commands will create an environment variable called MYVAR with the contents mystuff that will be accessible to any created subshells? (Choose all that apply.) A. export MYVAR='mystuff' B. MYVAR='mystuff' C. MYVAR='mystuff'; export MYVAR D. echo $MYVAR mystuff E. setenv MYVAR mystuff

A. export MYVAR='mystuff' C. MYVAR='mystuff'; export MYVAR

Which of the following are valid looping statements in bash shell scripting? (Select all that apply.) A. for B. while C. if-then D. until E. case

A. for B. while D. until

Which of the following commands will print lines from the file world.txt that contain matches to changes and changed? A. grep change[ds] world.txt B. sed change[d-s] world.txt C. od "change'd|s"' world.txt D. cat world.txt changes changed E. find world.txt "change(d|s)"

A. grep change[ds] world.txt

Which of the following programs is conventionally used to perform a DNS lookup? A. host B. dnslookup C. pump D. ifconfig E. netstat

A. host

How might you identify an initial RAM disk file in GRUB 2? A. initrd /boot/initrd-3.4.2 B. initrd=/boot/initrd-3.4.2 C. initramfs /boot/initrd-3.4.2 D. initramfs=/boot/initrd-3.4.2 E. ramdisk=/boot/initrd-3.4.2

A. initrd /boot/initrd-3.4.2

You want to discover the sizes of several dot files in a directory. Which of the following commands might you use to do this? A. ls -la B. ls -p C. ls -R D. ls -d E. ls -F

A. ls -la

Which of the following commands creates a display of processes, showing the parentchild relationships through links between their names? A. ps --forest B. ps aux C. ps -e D. ps --tree E. All of the above

A. ps --forest

Which of the following commands will extract the contents of the myfonts.rpm file into the current directory? A. rpm2cpio myfonts.rpm | cpio -i --make- directories B. rpm2cpio myfonts.rpm > make-directories C. rpm -e myfonts.rpm D. alien --to-extract myfonts.rpm E. rpmbuild --rebuild myfonts.rpm

A. rpm2cpio myfonts.rpm | cpio -i --make- directories

What command would you use to change to single-user mode on a running systemd system? A. systemctl isolate rescue.target B. systemctl default C. journalctl default D. systemd single E. systemctl start sshd.service

A. systemctl isolate rescue.target

What filesystem options might you specify in /etc/fstab to make a removable disk (such as a USB flash drive) mountable by an ordinary user with a UID of 1000? (Select three.) A. user B. users C. owner D. owners E. uid=1000

A. user B. users C. owner

What commands can be used to add user accounts to a Linux system? A. useradd username B. adduser username C. useradd -c "full name" username D. usradd username E. passwd username

A. useradd username B. adduser username C. useradd -c "full name" username

Which of the following commands tells the X server to accept connections from penguin.example.com? A. xhost +penguin.example.com B. export DISPLAY=penguin.example.com 0 C. telnet penguin.example.com D. xaccess penguin.example.com E. ssh penguin.example.com

A. xhost +penguin.example.com

Which of the following commands would you type to update the unzip program on a Fedora system to the latest version? (Select all that apply.) A. yum update unzip B. yum upgrade unzip C. yum -u unzip D. yum -U unzip E. yum check-update unzip

A. yum update unzip B. yum upgrade unzip

Which of the following lines identify valid shell scripts on a normally configured system? (Select two.) A. #!/bin/script B. #!/bin/bash C. #!/bin/tcsh D. !#/bin/sh E. !#/bin/zsh

B. #!/bin/bash C. #!/bin/tcsh

Which of the following /etc/fstab entries will mount /dev/sdb2 as the /home directory at boot time? A. /dev/sdb2 reiserfs /home defaults 0 0 B. /dev/sdb2 /home reiserfs defaults 0 0 C. /home reiserfs /dev/sdb2 noauto 0 0 D. /home /dev/sdb2 reiserfs noauto 0 0 E. reiserfs /dev/sdb2 /home noauto 0 0

B. /dev/sdb2 /home reiserfs defaults 0 0

Which of the following lines, if used in a user cron job, will run /usr/local/bin/cleanup twice a day? A. 15 7,19 * * * tbaker /usr/local/bin/cleanup B. 15 7,19 * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup C. 15 */2 * * * tbaker /usr/local/bin/cleanup D. 15 */2 * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup E. 2 * * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup

B. 15 7,19 * * * /usr/local/bin/cleanup

What are common IRQs for RS-232 serial ports? (Select two.) A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 8 E. 16

B. 3 C. 4

Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address for a single computer on a TCP/IP network? A. 202.9.257.33 B. 63.63.63.63 C. 107.29.5.3.2 D. 98.7.104.0/24 E. 255.255.255.255

B. 63.63.63.63

What information about print jobs does the lpq command display? (Select two.) A. The name of the application that submitted the job B. A numerical job ID that can be used to manipulate the job C. The amount of ink or toner left in the printer D. The username of the person who submitted the job E. The estimated time to finish printing the job

B. A numerical job ID that can be used to manipulate the job E. The estimated time to finish printing the job

What is the preferred method of adding a directory to the library path for all users? A. Modify the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable in a global shell script. B. Add the directory to the /etc/ld.so.conf file, and then type ldconfig. C. Type ldconfig /new/dir, where /new/dir is the directory you want to add. D. Create a symbolic link from that directory to one that's already on the library path. E. Type ldd /new/dir, where /new/dir is the directory you want to add.

B. Add the directory to the /etc/ld.so.conf file, and then type ldconfig.

You see the following line in a script: mail -s "Error" -c abort < /tmp/msg root What is the effect of this line, if and when it executes? A. An email is sent to the user Error, the script is aborted using root privileges, and error messages are written to /tmp/msg. B. An email with the subject of Error and the contents from /tmp/msg is sent to the local users root and abort. C. An email with the subject of Error and the contents of /tmp/msg is sent to the local user root, and then the script is aborted. D. An email is sent with Error priority to the local user root, and the email system is then shut down with error messages being stored in /tmp/msg. E. An email with the subject of Error and contents of /tmp/msg is sent to root, and information on this is logged with priority abort.

B. An email with the subject of Error and the contents from /tmp/msg is sent to the local users root and abort.

What types of files might you expect to find in /etc/skel? (Select three.) A. A copy of the /etc/shadow file B. An empty set of directories to encourage good file management practices C. A README or similar welcome file for new users D. A starting .bashrc file E. The RPM or Debian package management database

B. An empty set of directories to encourage good file management practices C. A README or similar welcome file for new users D. A starting .bashrc file

You manage a computer that's located in Los Angeles, California, but the time zone is misconfigured as being in Tokyo, Japan. What procedure can you follow to fix this problem? (Select two.) A. Run hwclock --systohc to update the clock to the correct time zone. B. Delete /etc/localtime, and replace it with an appropriate file from /usr/share/zoneinfo. C. Edit the /etc/tzconfig file so that it specifies North_America/Los_Angeles as the time zone. D. Edit /etc/localtime, and change the three-letter time zone code on the TZ line. E. Use the tzselect program to select a new (Los Angeles) time zone.

B. Delete /etc/localtime, and replace it with an appropriate file from /usr/share/zoneinfo. E. Use the tzselect program to select a new (Los Angeles) time zone.

How should you configure a system that uses Yum to access an additional Yum software repository? A. Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file to include the repository site's URL, as detailed on the repository's website. B. Download a package from the repository site, and install it with RPM, or place a configuration file from the repository site in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory. C. Use the add-repository subcommand to yum or the Add Repository option in the File menu in yumex, passing it the URL of the repository. D. Edit the /etc/yum.conf file, locate the [repos] section, and add the URL to the repository after the existing repository URLs. E. Edit the /etc/yum.conf file, locate the REPOSITORIES= line, and add the new repository to the colon-delimited list on that line.

B. Download a package from the repository site, and install it with RPM, or place a configuration file from the repository site in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory.

Typing fdisk -l /dev/sda on a Linux computer with an MBR disk produces a listing of four partitions: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda5, and /dev/sda6. Which of the following is true? A. The disk contains two primary partitions and two extended partitions. B. Either /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2 is an extended partition. C. The partition table is corrupted; there should be a /dev/sda3 and a /dev/sda4 before /dev/sda5. D. If you add a /dev/sda3 with fdisk, /dev/sda5 will become /dev/sda6, and /dev/sda6 will become /dev/sda7. E. Both /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2 are logical partitions.

B. Either /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2 is an extended partition.

You examine your /etc/aliases file and find that it contains the following line: root: jody What can you conclude from this? A. Email addressed to jody on this system will be sent to the local user root. B. Email addressed to root on this system will be sent to the local user jody. C. The local user jody has broken into the system and has acquired root privileges. D. The local user jody has permission to read email directly from root's mail queue. E. The administrator may log in using either username: root or jody.

B. Email addressed to root on this system will be sent to the local user jody.

You want to use xinetd access controls to limit who may access a server that's launched via xinetd. Specifically, only users on the 192.168.7.0/24 network block should be able to use that server. How may you do this? A. Enter hosts_allowed = 192.168.7.0/24 in the /etc/xinetd.conf configuration file for the server in question. B. Enter only_from = 192.168.7.0/24 in the /etc/xinetd.conf configuration file for the server in question. C. Enter server : 192.168.7., where server is the server's name, in the /etc/hosts.allow file. D. Enter server : 192.168.7., where server is the server's name, in the /etc/hosts.deny file. E. Type iptables -L 192.168.7.0 to enable only users of 192.168.7.0/24 to access the server.

B. Enter only_from = 192.168.7.0/24 in the /etc/xinetd.conf configuration file for the server in question.

Which of the following tasks are most likely to be handled by a cron job? (Select two.) A. Starting an important server when the computer boots B. Finding and deleting old temporary files C. Scripting supervised account creation D. Monitoring disk partition space status and emailing a report E. Sending files to a printer in an orderly manner

B. Finding and deleting old temporary files D. Monitoring disk partition space status and emailing a report

An administrator types the following command on an RPM-based Linux distribution: # rpm -ivh megaprog.rpm What is the effect of this command? A. If the megaprog package is installed on the computer, it is uninstalled. B. If the megaprog.rpm package exists, is valid, and isn't already installed on the computer, it is installed. C. The megaprog.rpm source RPM package is compiled into a binary RPM for the computer. D. Nothing; megaprog.rpm isn't a valid RPM filename, so rpm will refuse to operate on this file. E. The megaprog.rpm package replaces any earlier version of the package that's already installed on the computer.

B. If the megaprog.rpm package exists, is valid, and isn't already installed on the computer, it is installed.

What is an advantage of a font server? A. It provides faster font displays than are otherwise possible. B. It can simplify font maintenance on a network with many X servers. C. It's the only means of providing TrueType support for XFree86 4.x. D. It enables the computer to turn a bitmapped display into an ASCII text file. E. It enables X to use font smoothing, which isn't possible with core fonts.

B. It can simplify font maintenance on a network with many X servers.

Which of the following entries are found in the /etc/hosts file? A. A list of hosts allowed to access this one remotely B. Mappings of IP addresses to hostnames C. A list of users allowed to access this host remotely D. Passwords for remote web administration E. A list of port numbers and their associated protocols

B. Mappings of IP addresses to hostnames

How do you exit vi's insert mode to type command-mode commands? A. Press the ∼ key. B. Press the Esc key. C. Press Ctrl+X followed by Ctrl+C. D. Press the F10 key. E. Press the Shift+Insert key combination.

B. Press the Esc key.

For best SSH server security, how should you set the Protocol option in /etc/ssh/sshd_config? A. Protocol 1 B. Protocol 2 C. Protocol 1,2 D. Protocol 2,1 E. Protocol *

B. Protocol 2

Which servers might you consider retiring after activating an SSH server? (Select two.) A. SMTP B. Telnet C. FTP D. NTP E. Samba

B. Telnet C. FTP

Which of the following types of information are returned by typing ifconfig eth0? (Select two.) A. The names of programs that are using eth0 B. The IP address assigned to eth0 C. The hardware address of eth0 D. The hostname associated with eth0 E. The kernel driver used by eth0

B. The IP address assigned to eth0 C. The hardware address of eth0

What value identifies an IPv6 address as a link-local address? A. The address uses the MAC address of the system. B. The address starts with fe80. C. The address starts with fee. D. The address starts with 2001.

B. The address starts with fe80.

You type the following command: $ runlevel 5 3 What can you tell about your runlevel status? (Select two.) A. The current runlevel is 5. B. The current runlevel is 3. C. The previous runlevel is 5. D. The previous runlevel is 3. E. The runlevel is in the process of changing.

B. The current runlevel is 3. C. The previous runlevel is 5.

You're configuring a new system, and your network administrator scribbles its IP address (172.25.78.89), netmask (255.255.255.0), gateway address (172.25.79.1), and DNS server address (10.24.89.201) on a piece of paper. You enter this information into your configuration files and type ifup eth0, but you find that you can't access the Internet with this computer. Which of the following is definitely true? A. Because the DNS server is on a completely different network, it won't function properly for your system. You should ask for the local network's DNS server's IP address. B. The netmask identifies the gateway as being on a different network segment than the computer you're configuring, so the two can't communicate directly. You most likely misread one address. C. Because the IP addresses involved are private IP addresses, there's no way for them to access the Internet. You must ask for public IP addresses for this system or use only your local private network. D. The computer's IP address is a Class B address, but the netmask is for a Class C address. This combination can't work together, so you must obtain a new IP address or netmask. E. The ifup utility works only for computers that use DHCP, so using a static IP address as specified in the question won't work correctly.

B. The netmask identifies the gateway as being on a different network segment than the computer you're configuring, so the two can't communicate directly. You most likely misread one address.

12. Which of the following best summarizes the differences between Windows's FDISK and Linux's fdisk? A. Linux's fdisk is a simple clone of Windows's FDISK but written to work from Linux rather than from Windows. B. The two are completely independent programs that accomplish similar goals, although Linux's fdisk is more flexible. C. Windows's FDISK uses GUI controls, whereas Linux's fdisk uses a command-line interface, but they have similar functionality. D. Despite their similar names, they're completely different tools—the Windows FDISK command handles disk partitioning, whereas Linux's fdisk formats floppy disks. E. The Windows FDISK command manages GPT disks, whereas Linux's fdisk manages MBR disks

B. The two are completely independent programs that accomplish similar goals, although Linux's fdisk is more flexible.

Which of the following is generally true of Linux programs that print? A. They send data directly to the printer port. B. They produce PostScript output for printing. C. They include extensive collections of printer drivers. D. They can print only with the help of add-on commercial programs. E. They specify use of the Verdana font

B. They produce PostScript output for printing.

Why might you type touch filename? A. To move filename to the current directory B. To ensure that filename's time stamp holds the current time C. To convert filename from DOS-style to Unix-style end-of-line characters D. To test the validity of filename's disk structures

B. To ensure that filename's time stamp holds the current time

You've just installed MySQL and run it by typing mysql. How would you create a database called fish to store data on different varieties of fish? A. Type NEW DATABASE fish; at the mysql> prompt. B. Type CREATE DATABASE fish; at the mysql> prompt. C. Type NEW DATABASE FISH; at the mysql> prompt. D. Type DATABASE CREATE fish; at the mysql> prompt. E. Type DB CREATE fish; at the mysql> prompt.

B. Type CREATE DATABASE fish; at the mysql> prompt.

Immediately after creating a shell script called a_script.sh in a text editor, which method will not work to run the script? A. Typing bash a_script.sh at the command line. B. Typing ./a_script.sh at the command line. C. Typing . a_script.sh at the command line. D. Typing source a_script.sh at the command line. E. Any of the above will work.

B. Typing ./a_script.sh at the command line.

You're installing Linux on a critical business system. Which of the following programs might you want to add to ensure that a daily backup job is handled correctly? A. tempus B. anacron C. crontab D. ntpd E. syslog-ng

B. anacron

Which of the following commands will locate all of the program files on a computer on which the SUID bit is set? A. find / -type SUID B. find / -perm +4000 -type f C. find / -perm +SUID -type f D. find / -type +4000 E. find / -suid

B. find / -perm +4000 -type f

You want to track down all of the files in /home that are owned by karen. Which of the following commands will do the job? A. find /home -uid karen B. find /home -user karen C. locate /home -username karen D. locate /home Karen E. find /home -name Karen

B. find /home -user karen

You've received an ASCII text file (longlines.txt) that uses no carriage returns within paragraphs but two carriage returns between paragraphs. The result is that your preferred text editor displays each paragraph as a very long line. How can you reformat this file so that you can more easily edit it (or a copy)? A. sed 's/Ctrl-M/NL/' longlines.txt B. fmt longlines.txt > longlines2.txt C. cat longlines.txt > longlines2.txt D. pr longlines.txt > longlines2.txt E. grep longlines.txt > longlines2.txt

B. fmt longlines.txt > longlines2.txt

You want to run an interactive script, gabby, which produces a lot of output in response to the user's inputs. To facilitate future study of this script, you want to copy its output to a file. How might you do this? A. gabby > gabby-out.txt B. gabby | tee gabby-out.txt C. gabby < gabby-out.txt D. gabby &> gabby-out.txt E. gabby `gabby-out.txt

B. gabby | tee gabby-out.txt

Of the following, which is the best password? A. Odysseus B. iA71Oci∧My∼∼∼∼∼∼ C. pickettomato D. Denver2Colorado E. 123456

B. iA71Oci∧My∼∼∼∼∼∼

What line in /etc/inittab would indicate that your default runlevel is 5? A. ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now B. id:5:initdefault: C. si:5:sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS D. l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5 E. 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1

B. id:5:initdefault:

Your SMTP email server receives a message addressed to postmaster. The postmaster username has an alias of john on this computer. Assuming that the system is properly configured, who will receive the email message? A. postmaster B. john C. The account listed in ∼/.forward D. root E. No user, because an alias was set

B. john

What tool might you use to print a four-page PostScript file on a single sheet of paper? A. PAM B. mpage C. 4Front D. route E. 411toppm

B. mpage

Which command would you type, as root, to discover all the open network connections on a Linux computer? A. lsof -c a B. netstat -ap C. ifconfig eth0 D. nmap -sT localhost E. top -net

B. netstat -ap

Which of the following commands will number the lines in aleph.txt? (Select three.) A. fmt aleph.txt B. nl aleph.txt C. cat -b aleph.txt D. cat -n aleph.txt E. od -nl aleph.txt

B. nl aleph.txt C. cat -b aleph.txt D. cat -n aleph.txt

Which of the following commands can be used to summarize the quota information about all filesystems? A. repquota B. repquota -a C. quotacheck D. quotacheck -a E. edquota -a

B. repquota -a

Which of the following commands should you type to add to host 192.168.0.10 a default gateway of 192.168.0.1? A. route add default gw 192.168.0.10 192.168.0.1 B. route add default gw 192.168.0.1 C. route add 192.168.0.10 default 192.168.0.1 D. route 192.168.0.10 gw 192.168.0.1 E. route host gw 192.168.0.1

B. route add default gw 192.168.0.1

What program do you use to start or stop services when using the systemd initialization process? A. journalctl B. systemctl C. init D. service E. systemd

B. systemctl

You want to change to single-user mode on a running SysV system. What command might you use to do this? A. runlevel 1 B. telinit 1 C. shutdown -1 D. single-user E. halt to 1

B. telinit 1

Which of the following options is used with fsck to force it to use a particular filesystem type? A. -A B. -N C. -t D. -C E. -f

C. -t

Your login server is using PAM, and you want to limit users' access to system resources. Which configuration file will you need to edit? A. /etc/limits.conf B. /etc/pam/limits.conf C. /etc/security/limits.conf D. /etc/security/pam/limits.conf E. /usr/local/limits.conf

C. /etc/security/limits.conf

You want to boot a Linux system into single-user mode. What option might you add to a Linux kernel's options list in a boot loader to accomplish this task? A. one B. single-user C. 1 D. telinit 6 E. telinit 1

C. 1

Which of the following is not a popular SMTP server for Linux? A. Postfix B. Sendmail C. Fetchmail D. Exim E. qmail

C. Fetchmail

What can the type command do that whereis can't? A. Identify the command as being for x86 or x86-64 CPUs B. Locate commands based on their intended purpose, not just by name C. Identify a command as an alias, internal command, or external command D. Assist in typing a command by finishing typing it for you E. Identify a command as being a binary or a script

C. Identify a command as an alias, internal command, or external command

Describe the effect of the following short script, cp1.sh, if it's called as cp1.sh big.c big.cc: #!/bin/bash cp $2 $1 A. It has the same effect as the cp command—copying the contents of big.c to big.cc. B. It compiles the C program big.c and calls the result big.cc. C. It copies the contents of big.cc to big.c, eliminating the old big.c. D. It converts the C program big.c into a C++ program called big.cc. E. It interprets the big.c and big.cc files as bash scripts.

C. It copies the contents of big.cc to big.c, eliminating the old big.c.

What is the effect of the following SQL command, assuming the various names and data exist? mysql> UPDATE stars SET magnitude=2.25 WHERE starname='Mintaka'; A. It returns database entries from the stars table for all stars with magnitude of 2.25 and starname of Mintaka. B. It sets the value of the stars field in the magnitude set to Mintaka, using a precision of 2.25. C. It sets the value of the magnitude field to 2.25 for any item in the stars table with the starname value of Mintaka. D. It combines the stars and magnitude=2.25 tables, returning all items for which the starname is Mintaka. E. It updates the stars database, creating a new entry with a starname value of Mintaka and a magnitude of 2.25.

C. It sets the value of the magnitude field to 2.25 for any item in the stars table with the starname value of Mintaka.

Where might the BIOS find a boot loader? A. RAM B. /dev/boot C. MBR D. /dev/kmem E. The swap partition

C. MBR

2. As part of a security audit, you plan to use Nmap to check all of the computers on your network for unnecessary servers. Which of the following tasks should you do prior to running your Nmap check? A. Back up /etc/passwd on the target systems to eliminate the possibility of it being damaged. B. Obtain the root passwords to the target systems so that you can properly configure them to accept the Nmap probes. C. Obtain written permission from your boss to perform the Nmap sweep. D. Configure /etc/sudoers on the computer you intend to use for the sweep, to give yourself the ability to run Nmap. E. Disable any firewall

C. Obtain written permission from your boss to perform the Nmap sweep.

When should programs be configured SUID root? A. At all times. This permission is required for executable programs. B. Whenever a program should be able to access a device file. C. Only when they require root privileges to do their job. D. Never. This permission is a severe security risk E. Whenever the program file is owned by the root user.

C. Only when they require root privileges to do their job.

Which of the following programs may be used to provide computer-generated speech for users who have trouble reading computer displays? (Select two.) A. SoX B. Braille C. Orca D. talk E. Emacspeak

C. Orca E. Emacspeak

In what environment variable is the current working directory stored? A. PATH B. CWD C. PWD D. PRESENT E. WORKING

C. PWD

What is the effect of the following command? $ myprog &> input.txt A. Standard error to myprog is taken from input.txt. B. Standard input to myprog is taken from input.txt. C. Standard output and standard error from myprog are written to input.txt. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

C. Standard output and standard error from myprog are written to input.txt.

Which of the following freatures do KDM and GDM provide that XDM doesn't A. An encrypted remote X-based acces ability, improving network security B.The ability to accept logins from remote computers, once properly configured C. The ability to select the login environment from a menu on the main login screen. D. A login screen that shows the username and password simultaneously rather than sequentially e. An option to log into tex mode if X should fail to start.

C. The ability to select the login environment from a menu on the main login screen.

What will be the effect of a computer having the following two lines in /etc/ntp.conf? server pool.ntp.org server tardis.example.org A. The local computer's NTP server will poll a server in the public NTP server pool; the first server option overrides subsequent server options. B. The local computer's NTP server will poll the tardis.example.org time server; the last server option overrides earlier server options. C. The local computer's NTP server will poll both a server in the public NTP server pool and the server at tardis.example.org and use whichever site provides the cleanest time data. D. The local computer's NTP server will refuse to run because of a malformed server specification in /etc/ntp.conf. E. The local computer's NTP server will poll a computer in the public NTP server pool but will fall back on tardis.example.org if and only if the public pool server is down.

C. The local computer's NTP server will poll both a server in the public NTP server pool and the server at tardis.example.org and use whichever site provides the cleanest time data.

A monitor's manual lists its range of acceptable synchronization values as 27kHz- 96kHz horizontal and 50Hz-160Hz vertical. What implications does this have for the resolutions and refresh rates the monitor can handle? A. The monitor can run at up to 160Hz vertical refresh rate in all resolutions. B. The monitor can handle up to 160Hz vertical refresh rate depending on the color depth. C. The monitor can handle up to 160Hz vertical refresh rate depending on the resolution. D. The monitor can handle vertical resolutions of up to 600 lines (96,000 ÷ 160), but no more. E. The monitor can handle horizontal resolutions of up to 600 columns (96,000 ÷ 160), but no more.

C. The monitor can handle up to 160Hz vertical refresh rate depending on the resolution.

Ordinary users report being unable to log onto a computer, but root has no problems doing so. What might you check to explain this situation? A. A misbehaving syslogd daemon B. A login process that's running as root C. The presence of an /etc/nologin file D. The presence of an SUID bit on /bin/login E. Inappropriate use of shadow passwords

C. The presence of an /etc/nologin file

You've developed a script that uses several Linux commands and edits their output. You want to be sure that the script runs correctly on a computer in Great Britain, although you're located elsewhere, since the output includes features such as currency symbols and decimal numbers that are different from one nation to another. What might you do to test this? A. Enter the BIOS, locate and change the location code, reboot into Linux, and run the script. B. Edit /etc/locale.conf, change all the LC_* variables to en_GB.UTF-8, and then reboot and run the script. C. Type export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8, and run the script from the same shell you used to type this command. D. Type locale_set Great_Britain, and run the script from the same shell you used to type this command. E. Type export TZ=:/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London, and run the script from the same shell you used to type this command.

C. Type export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8, and run the script from the same shell you used to type this command.

Which of the following are not Linux DHCP clients? (Select two.) A. pump B. dhcpcd C. dhcpd D. dhclient E. ifconfig

C. dhcpd E. ifconfig

You've submitted several print jobs, but you've just realized that you mistakenly submitted a huge document that you didn't want to print. Assuming that you can identify the specific job, that it's not yet printing, and that its job ID number is 749, what command would you type to delete it from the okidata print queue? A. The answer depends on whether you're using BSD, LPD, LPRng, or CUPS. B. Type lpdel -Pokidata 749. C. Type lprm -Pokidata 749. D. Type cupsdisable -Pokidata 749. E. None of the above; the task is impossible

C. Type lprm -Pokidata 749.

How can you learn what programs are currently accessing the network on a Linux system? A. Type ifconfig -p eth0. B. Examine /proc/network/programs. C. Type netstat -p. D. Examine /etc/xinetd.conf. E. Type dmesg | less.

C. Type netstat -p.

You run Linux's fdisk and modify your partition layout. Before exiting the program, you realize that you've been working on the wrong disk. What can you do to correct this problem? A. Nothing; the damage is done, so you'll have to recover data from a backup. B. Type w to exit fdisk without saving changes to disk. C. Type q to exit fdisk without saving changes to disk. D. Type u repeatedly to undo the operations you've made in error. E. Type t to undo all of the changes and return to the original disk state.

C. Type q to exit fdisk without saving changes to disk.

When is the bind option of xinetd most useful? A. When you want to run two servers on one port B. When you want to specify computers by name rather than IP address C. When xinetd is running on a system with two network interfaces D. When resolving conflicts between different servers E. When xinetd manages a DNS server program

C. When xinetd is running on a system with two network interfaces

You want to set up a computer on a local network via a static TCP/IP configuration, but you lack a gateway address. Which of the following is true? A. Because the gateway address is necessary, no TCP/IP networking functions will work. B. TCP/IP networking will function, but you'll be unable to convert hostnames to IP addresses or vice versa. C. You'll be able to communicate with machines on your local network segment but not with other systems. D. Since a gateway is needed only for IPv6, you'll be able to use IPv4 but not IPv6 E. protocols. F. Without a gateway address available, you'll be unable to use DHCP to simplify G. configuration

C. You'll be able to communicate with machines on your local network segment but not with other systems.

Which of the following describes a difference between apt-get and dpkg? A. apt-get provides a GUI interface to Debian package management; dpkg doesn't. B. apt-get can install tarballs in addition to Debian packages; dpkg can't. C. apt-get can automatically retrieve and update programs from Internet sites; dpkg can't. D. apt-get is provided only with the original Debian distribution, but dpkg comes with Debian and its derivatives. E. apt-get works only with Debian-based distributions, but dpkg can work with both RPMs and Debian packages.

C. apt-get can automatically retrieve and update programs from Internet sites; dpkg can't.

Your manager has asked that you configure logrotate to run on a regular, unattended basis. What utility/feature should you configure to make this possible? A. at B. logrotate.d C. cron D. inittab E. ntpd

C. cron

Which of the following regular expressions will match the strings dog, dug, and various other strings but not dig? A. d.g B. d[ou]g C. d[o-u]g D. di*g E. d.ig

C. d[o-u]g

You want to store the standard output of the ifconfig command in a text file (file.txt) for future reference, and you want to wipe out any existing data in the file. You do not want to store standard error in this file. How can you accomplish these goals? A. ifconfig < file.txt B. ifconfig >> file.txt C. ifconfig > file.txt D. ifconfig | file.txt E. ifconfig 2> file.txt

C. ifconfig > file.txt

Which of the following commands are equivalent to one another? (Select two.) A. nice --value 10 crunch B. nice -n -10 crunch C. nice -10 crunch D. nice 10 crunch E. nice crunch

C. nice -10 crunch E. nice crunch

Which of the following commands will change all occurrences of dog in the file animals.txt to mutt in the screen display? A. sed -s "dog" "mutt" animals.txt B. grep -s "dog||mutt" animals.txt C. sed 's/dog/mutt/g' animals.txt D. cat animals.txt | grep -c "dog" "mutt" E. fmt animals.txt | cut 'dog' > 'mutt'

C. sed 's/dog/mutt/g' animals.txt

What program would you use to display the end of a configuration file? A. uniq B. cut C. tail D. wc E. fmt

C. tail

What programs might you use to learn what your system's load average is? (Select two.) A. ld B. load C. top D. uptime E. la

C. top D. uptime

Network accesses to parts of the Internet work fine, but several common sites have stopped responding (even when addressed via raw IP addresses). Which of the following tools will be most helpful in diagnosing the source of this problem? A. netstat B. ping C. traceroute D. ifconfig E. dig

C. traceroute

What would a Linux system administrator type to remove the nemo account and its home directory? A. userdel nemo B. userdel -f nemo C. userdel -r nemo D. rm -r /home/nemo E. usermod -D nemo

C. userdel -r nemo

A text-mode program, verbose, prints a lot of bogus "error" messages to standard error. How might you get rid of those messages while still interacting with the program? A. verbose | quiet B. verbose &> /dev/null C. verbose 2> /dev/null D. verbose > junk.txt E. quiet-mode verbose

C. verbose 2> /dev/null

Typing ls -ld wonderjaye reveals a symbolic file mode of drwxr-xr-x. Which of the following are true? (Select two.) A. wonderjaye is a symbolic link. B. wonderjaye is an executable program. C. wonderjaye is a directory. D. wonderjaye has its SUID bit set. E. wonderjaye may be read by all users of the system.

C. wonderjaye is a directory. E. wonderjaye may be read by all users of the system.

What methods do Linux distributions use to start X automatically when the system boots? (Select two.) A. Start an XDMCP server from the Start folder. B. Start an XDMCP server from an ∼/.xinitrc script. C.Start an XDMCP server via a system startup script. D.Start an XDMCP server via a boot manager. E.Start an XDMCP server from init

C.Start an XDMCP server via a system startup script. E.Start an XDMCP server from init

Which of the following is the GRUB 2 boot loader configuration file? A. /dev/grub B. The MBR C. /boot/grub/grub.conf D. /boot/grub/grub.cfg E. /boot/grub/menu.lst

D. /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Which of the following directories is most likely to be placed on its own hard disk partition? A. /bin B. /sbin C. /mnt D. /home E. /dev

D. /home

You've installed a commercial spreadsheet program called WonderCalc on a workstation. In which of the following directories are you most likely to find the program executable file? A. /usr/sbin B. /etc/X11 C. /boot D. /opt/wcalc/bin E. /sbin/wcalc

D. /opt/wcalc/bin

Which of the following umask values will result in files with rw-r----- permissions? A. 640 B. 210 C. 022 D. 027 E. 138

D. 027

What network port would an IMAP server normally use for IMAP exchanges? A. 21 B. 25 C. 110 D. 143 E. 443

D. 143

You type a command into bash and pass a long filename to it, but after you enter the command, you receive a File not found error message because of a typo in the filename. How might you proceed? A. Retype the command, and be sure you type the filename correctly, letter by letter. B. Retype the command, but press the Tab key after typing a few letters of the long filename to ensure that the filename is entered correctly. C. Press the Up arrow key, and use bash's editing features to correct the typo. D. Any of the above. E. None of the above.

D. Any of the above.

How can you reconfigure Linux to use DNS queries prior to consulting /etc/hosts? A. Edit the /etc/resolv.conf file, and be sure the nameserver dns line comes before the nameserver files line. B. As root, type nslookup dns. C. Edit the /etc/named.conf file, and change the preferred-resolution option from files to dns. D. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf, and change the order of the files and dns options on the hosts: line. E. As root, type dig local dns.

D. Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf, and change the order of the files and dns options on the hosts: line.

What is wrong with the following /etc/passwd file entry? sally:x:1029:Sally Jones:/home/myhome:/bin/passwd A. The default shell is set to /bin/passwd, which is an invalid shell. B. The username is invalid. Linux usernames can't be all lowercase letters. C. The home directory doesn't match the username. D. Either the UID or the GID field is missing. E. The hashed password is missing.

D. Either the UID or the GID field is missing.

What is an advantage of a journaling filesystem over a conventional (non-journaling) filesystem? A. Journaling filesystems are older and better tested than non-journaling filesystems. B. Journaling filesystems never need to be checked with fsck. C. Journaling filesystems support Linux ownership and permissions; non-journaling filesystems don't. D. Journaling filesystems require shorter disk checks after a power failure or system crash. E. Journaling filesystems record all transactions, enabling them to be undone.

D. Journaling filesystems require shorter disk checks after a power failure or system crash.

You've configured one computer (gateway.pangaea.edu) on your five-computer network as an NTP server that obtains its time signal from ntp.example.com. What computer(s) should your network's other computers use as their time source(s)? A. You should consult a public NTP server list to locate the best server for you. B. Both gateway.pangaea.edu and ntp.example.com C. Only ntp.example.com D. Only gateway.pangaea.edu E. None. NTP should be used on the Internet, not on small local networks.

D. Only gateway.pangaea.edu

Which environment variable stores the format for the command prompt? A. PROMPT B. PSI C. PAGER D. PS1 E. None of these variables store the format for the command prompt

D. PS1

Using a packet sniffer, you notice a lot of traffic directed at TCP port 22 on a local computer. What protocol does this traffic use, assuming it's using the standard port? A. HTTP B. SMTP C. Telnet D. SSH E. NNTP

D. SSH

Which of the following is not an advantage of a source package over a binary package? A. A single source package can be used on multiple CPU architectures. B. By recompiling a source package, you can sometimes work around library incompatibilities. C. You can modify the code in a source package, thus altering the behavior of a program. D. Source packages can be installed more quickly than binary packages. E. You may be able to recompile source code for a non-Linux Unix program on Linux

D. Source packages can be installed more quickly than binary packages.

As root, you type apt-get update on a Debian system. What should be the effect of this command? A. None: update is an invalid option to apt-get. B. The APT utilities deliver information about the latest updates you've made to the APT Internet repositories, enabling you to share your changes with others. C. The APT utilities download all available upgrades for your installed programs and install them on your system. D. The APT utilities retrieve information about the latest packages available so that you may install them with subsequent apt-get commands. E. The APT utilities update themselves, ensuring that you're using the latest version of APT.

D. The APT utilities retrieve information about the latest packages available so that you may install them with subsequent apt-get commands.

Which of the following summarizes the organization of the X configuration file? A. The file contains multiple sections, one for each screen. Each section includes subsections for individual components (keyboard, video card, and so on). B. Configuration options are entered in any order desired. Options relating to specific components (keyboard, video card, and so on) may be interspersed. C. The file begins with a summary of individual screens. Configuration options are preceded by a code word indicating the screen to which they apply. D. The file is broken into sections, one or more for each component (keyboard, video card, and so on). The file also has one or more sections that define how to combine the main sections. E. The file is a rare binary configuration file that must be accessed using SQL database tools.

D. The file is broken into sections, one or more for each component (keyboard, video card, and so on). The file also has one or more sections that define how to combine the main sections.

What can you conclude from the following interaction? $ which man /usr/bin/man A. The only file called man on the computer is in /usr/bin. B. The /usr/bin/man program was installed by system package tools. C. The /usr/bin/man program will be run by any user who types man. D. The first instance of the man program, in path search order, is in /usr/bin. E. The user man owns the /usr/bin/man program file.

D. The first instance of the man program, in path search order, is in /usr/bin.

You want to move a file from your hard disk to a USB flash drive. Which of the following is true?' A. You'll have to use the --preserve option to mv to keep ownership and permissions set correctly. B. The mv command will adjust filesystem pointers without physically rewriting data if the flash drive uses the same filesystem type as the hard disk partition. C. You must use the same filesystem type on both media to preserve ownership and permissions. D. The mv command will delete the file on the hard disk after copying it to the flash drive. E. You must use the FAT filesystem on the USB flash drive; Linux-native filesystems won't work on removable disks.

D. The mv command will delete the file on the hard disk after copying it to the flash drive.

In vi's command mode, you type :q!. What is the effect? A. Nothing. This isn't a valid vi command. B. The text :q! is inserted into the file you're editing. C. The program terminates and saves any existing files that are in memory. D. The program terminates without saving your work. E. An exclamation point (!) overwrites the character under the cursor in the text.

D. The program terminates without saving your work.

Which of the following statements is true about binary RPM packages that are built for a particular distribution? A. License requirements forbid using the package on any other distribution. B. They may be used in another RPM-based distribution only when you set the -- convert-distrib parameter to rpm. C. They may be used in another RPM-based distribution only after you recompile the package's source RPM. D. They can be recompiled for an RPM-based distribution running on another type of CPU. E. They can often be used on another RPM-based distribution for the same CPU architecture, but this isn't guaranteed.

D. They can be recompiled for an RPM-based distribution running on another type of CPU

A user types kill -9 11287 at a bash prompt. What is the probable intent, assuming the user typed the correct command? A. To cut off a network connection using TCP port 11287 B. To display the number of processes that have been killed with signal 11287 in the last nine days C. To cause a server with process ID 11287 to reload its configuration file D. To terminate a misbehaving or hung program with process ID 11287 E. To increase the priority of the program running with process ID 11287

D. To terminate a misbehaving or hung program with process ID 11287

After the system boots, one of your hard disks doesn't respond. What might you do to find out what's gone wrong? A. Check the /var/log/diskerror log file to see what's wrong. B. Verify that the disk is listed in /mnt/disks. C. Check the contents of /etc/inittab to be sure it's mounting the disk. D. Type dmesg | less, and peruse the output for disk-related messages. E. Check the menu.lst, grub.conf, or grub.cfg configuration file.

D. Type dmesg | less, and peruse the output for disk-related messages.

You've downloaded a GPG public key from a website into the file fredkey.pub. What must you do with this key to use it? A. Type inspect-gpg fredkey.pub. B. Type gpg --readkey fredkey.pub. C. Type import-gpg fredkey.pub. D. Type gpg --import fredkey.pub. E. Type gpg-import fredkey.pub.

D. Type gpg --import fredkey.pub.

You're configuring a Linux system that doesn't boot any other OS. What is the recommended time to which the computer's hardware clock should be set? A. Helsinki time B. Local time C. US Pacific time D. UTC E. Internet time

D. UTC

Which of the following are restrictions on ordinary users' abilities to run renice? (Select two.) A. Users may not modify the priorities of processes that are already running. B. Users may not modify the priority of their programs launched from anything but their current shells. C. Users may not decrease the priority (that is, increase the priority value) of their own processes. D. Users may not modify the priorities of other users' processes. E. Users may not increase the priority (that is, decrease the priority value) of their own processes.

D. Users may not modify the priorities of other users' processes. E. Users may not increase the priority (that is, decrease the priority value) of their own processes.

You prefer the look of GTK+ widgets to Qt widgets, so you want to substitute the GTK+ libraries for the Qt libraries on your system. How would you do this? A. You must type ldconfig --makesubs=qt,gtk. This command substitutes the GTK+ libraries for the Qt libraries at load time. B. You must uninstall the Qt library packages and reinstall the GTK+ packages with the --substitute=qt option to rpm or the --replace=qt option to dpkg. C. You must note the filenames of the Qt libraries, uninstall the packages, and create symbolic links from the Qt libraries to the GTK+ libraries. D. You can't easily do this; libraries can't be arbitrarily exchanged for one another. You would need to rewrite all of the Qt-using programs to use GTK+. E. You must reboot the computer and pass the subst=qt,gtk option to the kernel. This causes the kernel to make the appropriate substitutions.

D. You can't easily do this; libraries can't be arbitrarily exchanged for one another. You would need to rewrite all of the Qt-using programs to use GTK+.

Which of the following commands are commonly used to create archive files? (Select two.) A. restore B. vi C. tape D. cpio E. tar

D. cpio E. tar

You have a data file, data.txt, to be processed by a particular program. However, the program cannot handle data separated by tabs. The data.txt file's data is separated by a tab stop at every eight characters. What command should you use before processing the data file with the program? A. od data.txt > data1.txt B. expand data.txt >> data.txt C. fmt --remove-tabs data.txt D. expand data.txt > data1.txt E. unexpand -t 8 data.txt

D. expand data.txt > data1.txt

Which command is used to install GRUB Legacy into the MBR of your first SATA hard drive? A. grub (hd0,1) B. grub-install /dev/sda1 C. lilo /dev/sda D. grub-install /dev/sda E. grub-legacy /dev/sda1

D. grub-install /dev/sda

A server/computer combination appears in both hosts.allow and hosts.deny. What's the result of this configuration when TCP wrappers runs? A. TCP wrappers refuses to run and logs an error in /var/log/messages. B. The system's administrator is paged to decide whether to allow access. C. hosts.deny takes precedence; the client is denied access to the server. D. hosts.allow takes precedence; the client is granted access to the server. E. The client is granted access to the server if no other client is currently accessing it

D. hosts.allow takes precedence; the client is granted access to the server.

You want to create a log file entry noting that you're manually shutting down the system to add a new network card. How might you create this log entry, just prior to using shutdown? A. dmesg -l "shutting down to add network card" B. syslog shutting down to add network card C. rsyslogd "shutting down to add network card" D. logger shutting down to add network card E. wall "shutting down to add network card"

D. logger shutting down to add network card

Your Internet connection has gone down for several hours. What command can you use to check if there is a long list of jobs in the email queue? A. service sendmail status B. lp -d queue ∼/Maildir C. sendmail -bq D. mailq E. ls /var/spool

D. mailq

What is the purpose of the -n option to route? A. It causes no operation to be performed; route reports what it would do if -n were omitted. B. It precedes the specification of a netmask when setting the route. C. It limits route's output to descriptions of non-Internet routes. D. It forces interpretation of a provided address as a network address rather than a host address. E It causes machines to be identified by IP address rather than hostname in output.

E It causes machines to be identified by IP address rather than hostname in output.

You've just installed Linux on a new computer with a single SATA hard disk. What device identifier will refer to the disk? A. /dev/sda B. /dev/mapper/disk1 C. /dev/hda D. C: E. /dev/sda or /dev/hda

E. /dev/sda or /dev/hda

How many commands can you pipe together at once? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 16 E. >16

E. >16

To access files on a USB flash drive, you type mount /dev/sdc1 /media/flash as root. Which types of filesystems will this command mount? A. Ext2fs B. FAT C. HFS D. ReiserFS E. All of the above

E. All of the above

When a user account has been locked using the usermod -L command, you will see what in the /etc/shadow file's record for that user? A. An x in the password field B. An !! in the password field C. A blank password field D. A zero (0) at the front of the password field E. An ! at the front of the password field

E. An ! at the front of the password field

Where are the commands iterated by the loop located within the loop? A. Within the then statement section B. Between the double semicolons (;;) C. Within the case and esac constructs D. Within the test statement E. Between do and done constructs

E. Between do and done constructs

How would you change the text displayed by XDM as a greeting? A. Click configure> Greeting from the XDM main menu, and edit the text in the resulting dialog box. B. Pass greeting="text"as a kernel option in the bootloader, changing text to the new greeting. C. Edit the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file, and change the Greeting option in the xdm area. D. Run xdmconfig, and change the greeting on the Login tab. E. Edit the /etc/X11/xdm/Xresources file, and change the text in the xlogin*greeting line

E. Edit the /etc/X11/xdm/Xresources file, and change the text in the xlogin*greeting line

In what section of XF86Config or xorg.conf do you specify the resolution that you want to run? A. In the ServerLayout section, using the Screen option B. In the Monitor section, using the Modeline option C. In the Device section, using the Modeline option D. In the DefaultResolution section, using the Define option E. In the Screen section, subsection Display, using the Modes option

E. In the Screen section, subsection Display, using the Modes option

What does the following command accomplish? # mkfs -t ext2 /dev/sda4 A. It sets the partition table type code for /dev/sda4 to ext2. B. It converts a FAT partition into an ext2fs partition without damaging the partition's existing files. C. Nothing; the -t option isn't valid, and so it causes mkfs to abort its operation. D. It converts an ext2 filesystem to an ext4 filesystem. E. It creates a new ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda4, overwriting any existing filesystem and data.

E. It creates a new ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda4, overwriting any existing filesystem and data.

Which of the following describes the function of a smart filter? A. It improves the legibility of a print job by adding font smoothing to the text. B. It detects information in print jobs that may be confidential as a measure against industrial espionage. C. It sends email to the person who submitted the print job, obviating the need to wait around the printer for a printout. D. It detects and deletes prank print jobs that are likely to have been created by troublemakers trying to waste your paper and ink. E. It detects the type of a file and passes it through programs to make it printable on a given model of printer.

E. It detects the type of a file and passes it through programs to make it printable on a given model of printer.

What is the purpose of /etc/hostname, if it's present on the system? A. It holds the hostname of a package repository server. B. It holds a list of servers that resolve hostnames. C. It holds a list of IP addresses and associated hostnames. D. It holds the hostname of the local gateway computer. E. It holds the computer's default hostname.

E. It holds the computer's default hostname.

What is the purpose of /etc/resolv.conf? A. It holds the names of network protocols and the port numbers with which they're associated. B. It controls whether the computer's network options are configured statically or via a DHCP server. C. It specifies the IP address of a DHCP server from which the computer attempts to obtain an IP address. D. It holds the routing table for the computer, determining the route that network packets take to other computers. E It sets the computer's default search domain and identifies (by IP address) the name servers that the computer may use.

E. It sets the computer's default search domain and identifies (by IP address) the name servers that the computer may use.

You type jobs at a bash command prompt and receive a new command prompt with no intervening output. What can you conclude? A. The total CPU time used by your processes is negligible (below 0.1). B. No processes are running under your username except the shell that you're using. C. The jobs shell is installed and working correctly on the system. D. The system has crashed; jobs normally returns a large number of running processes. E. No background processes are running that were launched from the shell that you're using.

E. No background processes are running that were launched from the shell that you're using.

Typing lsof -i | grep LISTEN as root produces three lines of output, corresponding to the sendmail, sshd, and proftpd servers. What can you conclude about the security of this system? A. Everything is OK; the presence of sshd ensures that data are being encrypted via SSH. B. The sendmail and sshd servers are OK, but the FTP protocol used by proftpd is insecure and should never be used. C. The sendmail server should be replaced by Postfix or qmail for improved security, but sshd and proftpd are fine. D. Because sendmail and proftpd both use unencrypted text-mode data transfers, neither is appropriate on a network-connected computer. E. No conclusion can be drawn without further information; the listed servers may or may not be appropriate or authentic

E. No conclusion can be drawn without further information; the listed servers may or may not be appropriate or authentic

What mount point should you associate with swap partitions? A. / B. /swap C. /boot D. /mem E. None of the above

E. None of the above

You see the usrquota and grpquota options in the /etc/fstab entry for a filesystem. What is the consequence of these entries? A. Quota support will be available if it's compiled into the kernel; it will be automatically activated when you mount the filesystem. B. User quotas will be available, but the grpquota option is invalid and will be ignored. C. Quota support will be disabled on the filesystem in question. D. Nothing. These options are malformed and so will have no effect. E. Quota support will be available if it's compiled into your kernel, but you must activate it with the quotaon command.

E. Quota support will be available if it's compiled into your kernel, but you must activate it with the quotaon command.

What is the purpose of the EDITOR environment variable? A. If it's set to Y (the default), the shell environment permits editing of commands; if it's set to N, such editing is disallowed. B. It specifies the filename of the text editor that bash uses by default while you're entering commands at its prompt. C. If you type edit filename at a command prompt, the program specified by EDITOR will be launched. D. If it's set to GUI, programs call a GUI editor; if it's set to TEXT, programs call a textbased editor. E. Some programs refer to EDITOR to determine what external editor to launch when they need to launch one.

E. Some programs refer to EDITOR to determine what external editor to launch when they need to launch one.

Why is it unwise to allow root to log on directly using SSH? A. Disallowing direct root access means that the SSH server may be run by a non-root user, improving security. B. The root password should never be sent over a network connection; allowing root logins in this way is inviting disaster. C. SSH stores all login information, including passwords, in a publicly readable file. D. When logged on using SSH, root's commands can be easily intercepted and duplicated by undesirable elements. E. Somebody with the root password but no other password can then break into the computer.

E. Somebody with the root password but no other password can then break into the computer.

What do the following commands accomplish? (The administrator presses Ctrl+D after typing the second command.) # at teatime at> /usr/local/bin/system-maintenance A. Nothing; these commands aren't valid. B. Nothing; teatime isn't a valid option to at. C. Nothing; you may only type valid bash built-in commands at the at> prompt. D. Nothing; at requires you to pass it the name of a script, which teatime is not. E. The /usr/local/bin/system-maintenance program or script is run at 4:00 p.m.

E. The /usr/local/bin/system-maintenance program or script is run at 4:00 p.m.

A new Linux administrator plans to create a system with separate /home, /usr/local, and /etc partitions, in addition to the root (/) partition. Which of the following best describes this configuration? A. The system won't boot because critical boot-time files reside in /home. B. The system will boot, but /usr/local won't be available because mounted partitions must be mounted directly off their parent partition, not in a subdirectory. C. The system will boot only if the /home partition is on a separate physical disk from the /usr/local partition. D. The system will boot and operate correctly, provided each partition is large enough for its intended use. E. The system won't boot because /etc contains configuration files necessary to mount non-root partitions.

E. The system won't boot because /etc contains configuration files necessary to mount non-root partitions.

What is the purpose of udev? A. To aid in the development of software B. To unload Linux device drivers C. To load Linux device drivers D. To store devices' BIOS configurations in files E. To manage the /dev directory tree

E. To manage the /dev directory tree

You want sally, who is already a member of the Production group, also to be a member of the Development group. What is the best way to accomplish this? A. Use the groupadd Development sally command. B. Use the groupadd Production sally command. C. Manually edit the /etc/group file, and change the Development group's record to Development:501:sally. D. Use the usermod -G Development sally command. E. Use the usermod -a -G Development sally command.

E. Use the usermod -a -G Development sally command.

How does man display information by default on most Linux systems? A. Using a custom X-based application B. Using the Firefox web browser C. Using the info browser D. Using the vi editor E. Using the less pager

E. Using the less pager

You want to send an encrypted message to an email correspondent. You both have GPG. What do you need to exchange before you can send your encrypted message? A. Your correspondent must obtain your GPG public key. B. Your correspondent must obtain your GPG private key. C. You must exchange private keys with your correspondent. D. You must obtain your correspondent's GPG private key. E. You must obtain your correspondent's GPG public key.

E. You must obtain your correspondent's GPG public key.

You type echo $PROC, and the computer replies Go away. What does this mean? A. No currently running processes are associated with your shell, so you may log out without terminating them. B. The remote computer PROC isn't accepting connections; you should contact its administrator to correct the problem. C. Your computer is handling too many processes; you must kill some of them to regain control of the computer. D. Your central processing unit (CPU) is defective and must be replaced as soon as possible. E. You, one of your configuration files, or a program you've run has set the $PROC environment variable to Go away.

E. You, one of your configuration files, or a program you've run has set the $PROC environment variable to Go away.

Which of the following commands would you type to enable world read access to the file myfile.txt? (Assume that you're the owner of myfile.txt.) A. chmod 741 myfile.txt B. chmod 0640 myfile.txt C. chmod u+r myfile.txt D. chmod a-r myfile.txt E. chmod o+r myfile.txt

E. chmod o+r myfile.txt

What command would you type (as root) to change the ownership of somefile.txt from ralph to tony? A. chown ralph:tony somefile.txt B. chmod somefile.txt tony C. chown somefile.txt tony D. chmod tony:ralph somefile.txt E. chown tony somefile.txt

E. chown tony somefile.txt

What command would you type to obtain a list of all of the installed packages on a Debian system? A. apt-get showall B. apt-cache showpkg C. dpkg -r allpkgs D. dpkg -i E. dpkg --get-selections

E. dpkg --get-selections

To use dpkg to remove a package called theprogram, including its configuration files, which of the following commands would you issue? A. dpkg -e theprogram B. dpkg -p theprogram C. dpkg -r theprogram D. dpkg -r theprogram-1.2.3-4.deb E. dpkg -P theprogram

E. dpkg -P theprogram

Which of the following commands is implemented as an internal command in bash? A. cat B. less C. tee D. sed E. echo

E. echo

Which of the following system logging codes represents the highest priority? A. info B. warning C. crit D. debug E. emerg

E. emerg

You've set your system (software) clock on a Linux computer to the correct time, and now you want to set the hardware clock to match. What command might you type to accomplish this goal? A. date --sethwclock B. ntpdate C. sysclock --tohc D. time --set -hw E. hwclock --systohc

E. hwclock --systohc

You've received a tar archive called data79.tar from a colleague, but you want to check the names of the files it contains before extracting them. Which of the following commands would you use to do this? A. tar uvf data79.tar B. tar cvf data79.tar C. tar xvf data79.tar D. tar rvf data79.tar E. tar tvf data79.tar

E. tar tvf data79.tar

What is an advantage of vi over graphical text editors? A. vi is X based, so it is easier to use than other graphical text editors. B. vi encodes text in EBCDIC, which is more flexible than Emacs's ASCII. C. vi's mode-based operations permit it to handle non-English languages. D. vi includes a built-in web browser and email client; Emacs doesn't. E. vi is smaller, so it can fit on compact emergency USB flash drive systems and embedded devices.

E. vi is smaller, so it can fit on compact emergency USB flash drive systems and embedded devices.

What file might a user modify to alter their own bash environment? A. /etc/inputrc B. /etc/bashrc C. $HOME/bashrc D. $HOME/.profile_bash E. ∼/.bashrc

E. ∼/.bashrc

What is the first program that the Linux kernel runs once it's booted in a normal boot process? A. dmesg B. init C. startup D. rc E. lilo

b