LRA 223-Chapter 8: Cervical and Thoracic Spine

Body of C7

Identify the following structures labeled (E) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Spinous Process (vertebra prominens), C7

Identify the following structures labeled (E) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

The spinous process of C2

Identify the following structures labeled (E) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Posterior Arch and Tubercle, C1

Identify the following structures labeled (F) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Spinous process of C7, vertebra prominens (a positioning landmark)

Identify the following structures labeled (F) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Pedicle of C4

Identify the following structures labeled (G) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Intervertebral foramen

Identify the following structures labeled (H) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Odontoid process (dens) extending up through the anterior arch of C1

Identify the following structures labeled (A) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Posterior arch and tubercle of C1

Identify the following structures labeled (A) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

The first thoracic vertebra T1

Identify the following structures labeled (A) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Dens (Odontoid) C2

Identify the following structures labeled (B) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Intervertebral foramen between C4 and C5

Identify the following structures labeled (B) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Posterior arch of the atlas, C1

Identify the following structures labeled (B) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

The first Rib

Identify the following structures labeled (B) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Body of C3

Identify the following structures labeled (C) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Pedicle of C6 right side

Identify the following structures labeled (C) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Posterior Arch and Tubercle, C1

Identify the following structures labeled (C) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

The C4 vertebra

Identify the following structures labeled (C) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Body of C7

Identify the following structures labeled (D) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

The articular pillar or lateral mass region of C3

Identify the following structures labeled (D) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Zygapophyseal joint between C4 and C5

Identify the following structures labeled (D) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Zygapophyseal joint, C5-C6

Identify the following structures labeled (D) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Body of C4

Identify the following structures labeled (A) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Superior Articular Process

(Lateral Oblique View) Identify the following structures labeled (L) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Zygapophyseal joint

(Lateral Oblique View) Identify the following structures labeled (M) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Facet for the 11th rib, (Costovertebral Joint)

(Lateral Oblique View) Identify the following structures labeled (N) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Intervertbral foramen

(Lateral Oblique View) Identify the following structures labeled (O) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Facet for rib Articulation

(Lateral Oblique View) Identify the following structures labeled (P) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Spinous process

(Lateral View) Identify the following structures labeled (G) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Superior Articular Process

(Lateral View) Identify the following structures labeled (H) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Pedicle

(Lateral View) Identify the following structures labeled (I) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Body

(Lateral View) Identify the following structures labeled (J) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Inferior Articular Process

(Lateral View) Identify the following structures labeled (K) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Spinous process

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (A) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Lamina

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (B) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Transverse process

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (C) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Facet of the Superior Articular Process

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (D) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Pedicle

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (E) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Vertebral foramen

(Superior View) Identify the following structures labeled (F) on the drawings of the thoracic vertebra?

Rotation of the skull

A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or may be associated with?

Articular pillar.

A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra is called?

Kyphosis (hunchback)

An abnormal, condition characterized by an increased convexity of the thoracic spine curvature is called?

Scoliosis

An abnormal, lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called?

Lordosis

An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway Back" lumbar curvature is called?

Optional AP oblique, LPO—CR 15°-20° cephalad.

For the central ray to pass through and 'open' the intervertebral spaces on a 45degree posterior oblique projection of the cervical vertebrae, what central ray angle is required?

A. C-1 = Atlas B. C-2 = Axis C. C-7 = Vertebra prominens

List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebra> A. C-1 = B. C-2 = C. C-7 =

Cervical = 7 Thoracic = 12 Lumbar = 5 Sacral (the sacrum) = 5 - 1 Coccyx = 4 - 1 Total 33 infant / 26 adult

List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebra column.

Thoracic curvature = (convex) Sacral curvature = (convex)

List the two primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column.

1. Transverse Foramina 2. Bifid Spinous process tips 3. Overlapping Vertebra Bodies

List three features that make the cervical vertebra unique?

1. Convex curve ( with respect to posterior) = Thoracic Spine Sacrum 2. Concave curve (with respect to posterior) = Cervical Spine Lumbar Spine 3. Secondary curve = Lumbar Spine 4. Primary curve = Thoracic Spine Sacrum 5. Develops as a child learns to hole their erect = Cervical Spine

Match the correct aspect of the vertebral column with the following characteristics. 1. Convex curve ( with respect to posterior) 2. Concave curve (with respect to posterior) 3. Secondary curve 4. Primary curve 5. Develops as a child learns to hold their erect A. Cervical Spine B. Thoracic Spine C. Lumbar Spine D. Sacrum

True

Only T-11 and T-12 have full facets for articulation with ribs. T/F

False. Between C1 and C2 is visualized on a frontal or AP projection.

The Zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebras are visualized only in a lateral position? T/F

Lamina

The _____ are two bony aspects of the vertebra arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to join the midline.

Herniated nucleus pulposus

The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as _____________.

Costovertebral joints

The joints between the ribs and vertebrae at "N" are called?

Costotransverse joints

The joints between the ribs and vertebrae at "P" are called?

T-5 or T-8

The modified body of C2 is called?

Vertebral Canal

The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the _________.

Medulla Oblongata L1 Conus Medullaris

The spinal cord begins with the ______ of the brain and extends down to the______ vertebra, where it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called that __________.

70° - 75°

The thoracic vertebrae are at what angle to the midsagittal plane?

Body and Vertebral arch

The two main parts of a typical vertebra are the ______ and the ______.

90°

The zygapophyseal joints for the second through seventh cervical vertebrae are at what angle to the midsagittal plane?

Intervertebral

Two small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles create the _____ foramina.

A. Outer aspects: = Annulus fibrosis b. Inner Aspects: = Nucleus pulposus

What are the outer and inner aspects of the interverbal disk? A. Outer aspects: b. Inner Aspects:

Zygapophyseal Joints

What can be found between the superior and inferior articular process

Atlanto-occipital joint

What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the occipital condlyes of the skull?

The Lateral Mass

What is the term for the Articular pillar, for the C1 vertebra?

Presence of facets for articulation with ribs

What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae?

Spinal nerves and blood vessels

What structure passes through the intervertebral foramina?

T5 and T8

Which specific thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical thoracic vertebrae (they least resemble cervical or lumbar vertebrae)

Cervical curvature = (concave) (lordotic) Lumbar curvature = (concave) (lordotic)

Which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves.