Lymphatic System Test Questions
Which of the following is involved in natural passive immunity? a. Vaccination b. Injection of human antibodies into an individual c. Injection of rabbit antibodies into an individual d. Excretion of antibodies into breast milk e. Producing memory cells in response to infection with a live virus
d. Excretion of antibodies into breast milk
Interferon: a. Is produced by cells in response to high plasma levels of pyrogens. b. Is made only by the cells of the thymus. c. Actively kills bacteria and viruses. d. Helps to prevent viral replication. e. None of the above.
d. Helps to prevent viral replication.
Which of the following is TRUE of the spleen? a. The spleen is located in the lower right hand quadrant of the abdominal cavity. b. The spleen consists primarily of white pulp, which functions in RBC recycling. c. The spleen is the only lymphoid organ that entirely lacks white blood cells. d. If the spleen is surgically removed, many of its blood cleansing functions can be taken over by the liver. e. The spleen is the only lymphoid organ that contains both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels.
d. If the spleen is surgically removed, many of its blood cleansing functions can be taken over by the liver.
Which of the following are NOT part of the nonspecific immune system? a. Complement and interferon b. Skin and mucous membranes c. Fixed macrophages and lysozyme d. IgA and IgG e. Natural killer cells and fever
d. IgA and IgG
The spleen is found on the _________ side of the abdominal cavity just __________ to the stomach. a. Right - medial b. Right - lateral c. Left - medial d. Left - lateral
d. Left - lateral
Cells of the innate branch of the immune system that target virus-infected cells and cancerous cells are a. Killer T cells b. Helper T cells c. Antigen-presenting cells d. Natural killer cells e. Plasma cells
d. Natural killer cells
Which of the following is an INCORRECT match? a. Reticular cells produce reticular fibers b. Dendritic cells help activate the immune response c. B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells d. Natural killer cells secrete antibodies e. Macrophages contain lysosomes
d. Natural killer cells secrete antibodies
Antibodies are produced by _____________. a. Dendritic cells b. Memory B cell c. Killer T cells d. Plasma cells e. Macrophages
d. Plasma cells
Which of the following is most related to artificial active immunity? a. Transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus across the placenta. b. Production of memory lymphocytes in response to an infection with the bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. c. Transfer of IgA antibodies from mother to infant via breast milk. d. Production of memory lymphocytes in response to the Variola virus, which was deliberately injected into the body. e. None of the above are related to active artificial immunity.
d. Production of memory lymphocytes in response to the Variola virus, which was deliberately injected into the body.
The cells that produce the connective tissue framework of most lymphoid organs are the ______________. a. Endothelial cells b. Fibrocytes c. Histiocytes d. Reticular cells e. None of the above
d. Reticular cells
Which of the following cells is responsible for the production of the fibrous framework of most lymphatic organs? a. Dendritic cells b. Lymphocytes c. Monocytes d. Reticular cells e. Hemocytoblasts
d. Reticular cells
Which of the following would NOT be drained by the thoracic duct? a. Right lumbar trunk b. Left bronchomediastinal trunk c. Lymph from the right leg d. Right jugular trunk e. Intestinal trunks
d. Right jugular trunk
A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably: a. Blood. b. Lymph c. Serum d. Tears. e. Intracellular.
d. Tears.
Which of the following is TRUE of the tonsils? a. All are superior to the soft palate b. None are superior to the oropharynx c. The lingual tonsil is the largest and the most often infected d. Tonsils contain follicles overlain by epithelial crypts
d. Tonsils contain follicles overlain by epithelial crypts
Which of the following is an example of natural passive immunity? a. Getting sick with monkey pox. b. Getting vaccinated for monkey pox. c. Getting an injection of antibodies from a passive nurse d. Transfer of antibodies from maternal blood to fetal blood e. Transfer of Helper T cells from maternal blood to fetal blood.
d. Transfer of antibodies from maternal blood to fetal blood.
Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ? a. Thyroid b. Thymus c. Pancreas d. Palatine tonsil e. 2 of the above
e. 2 of the above
Activated complement: a. Enhances phagocytosis. b. Promotes lysis of bacterial cells. c. Stimulates basophils and mast cells to release histamine. d. Acts as an opsonin. e. All of the above
e. All of the above
In order for a naïve T cell to be activated: a. It must be immunocompetent b. It must recognize a specific antigen c. It must recognize an MHC protein d. It must be "costimulated" e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following common signs of inflammation could be caused by increased local blood flow? a. Pain b. Swelling c. Heat d. Redness e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Killer T cells release perforins to kill infected cells. b. Helper T cells release cytokines that can affect the activity of other immune cells. c. Each antibody typically contains 2 antigen binding sites. d. IgA antibodies are often found in bodily secretions. e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Lymphatic vessels pass through lymph nodes. b. There are only 2 lymphatic ducts. c. The thoracic duct begins as the cisterna chyli d. Blockage of the right lymphatic duct could cause the right arm to swell. e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following is/are true of dendritic cells? a. They are capable of phagocytosis b. They present antigens to T lymphocytes c. They contain MHC 1 proteins d. They contain MHC 2 proteins e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following makes skin an excellent barrier to pathogens? a. Presence of sweat b. Presence of sebum c. Presence of keratin d. The fact that it is multi-layered e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following is NOT caused by activated complement proteins? a. Bacterial cell lysis b. Stimulation of mast cells c. Stimulation of basophils d. Opsonization e. All of the above ARE caused by activated complement proteins
e. All of the above ARE caused by activated complement proteins
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? a. Immune defense b. Return of interstitial fluid to the bloodstream c. Return of leaked plasma proteins to the bloodstream. d. Absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine e. All of the above ARE functions of the lymphatic system
e. All of the above ARE functions of the lymphatic system
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Helper T cells? a. They play a role in B cell activation b. They can stimulate neutrophils c. They can stimulate natural killer cells d. They are destroyed by the HIV virus e. All of the above are TRUE
e. All of the above are TRUE
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Lysozyme is an antibacterial chemical found in saliva and tears. b. Alveolar macrophages are descended from monocytes. c. Cilia line portions of the respiratory tract. d. Inflammation is typical of a nonspecific immune response. e. All of the above are TRUE.
e. All of the above are TRUE.
Which of the following is NOT a possible result of activated complement? a. Formation of a membrane attack complex. b. Lysis of bacterial cells. c. Opsonization. d. Inflammation. e. All of the above are possible results of complement activation.
e. All of the above are possible results of complement activation.
If a virus invaded a muscle cell, that muscle cell would: a. Display fragments of viral proteins on its MHC I protein. b. Display fragments of viral proteins on its MHC II protein. c. Begin making viral proteins and nucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA). d. Release activated complement. e. Both A and C are correct.
e. Both A and C are correct.
206. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Activated complement proteins are involved in opsonization. b. Sweat and sebum typically promote bacterial reproduction. c. Phagocytosis is only performed by macrophages. d. Interferon acts to inhibit cellular production of viral proteins. e. More than one of the above
e. More than one of the above
Which of the following is TRUE? a. The body's "thermostat" is located in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. b. A rise in body temperature would accelerate bacterial metabolism. c. The passage of antibodies from mother to fetus is an example of natural active immunity. d. Injection of antibodies is an example of artificial active immunity. e. None of the above
e. None of the above
The linking of soluble antigens by antibodies is known as: a. Agglutination b. Self lysis c. Neutralization d. Aggrandization e. Precipitation
e. Precipitation
205. Which of the following is TRUE? a. The spleen is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity just superior to the diaphragm. b. The primary function of the spleen is erythropoiesis. c. The majority of the spleen consists of white pulp. d. Surgical removal of the thymus would be more detrimental to a 35yo than to a 5yo. e. The pharyngeal tonsils are found in the posterior nasopharynx.
e. The pharyngeal tonsils are found in the posterior nasopharynx.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. There are 100's of lymph nodes within the body. b. Each lymph node is surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule. c. Reticular fibers help support lymphocytes and macrophages within a lymph node. d. The lymph node cortex primarily contains B lymphocytes e. There are fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels
e. There are fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of antibodies? a. They are synthesized by plasma cells. b. They are involved in humoral immunity. c. They are shaped like the letter Y. d. They are specific for antigens. e. There are four major classes.
e. There are four major classes.
Which of the following is TRUE of a lymph node? a. It contains more afferent than efferent lymphatic vessels. b. It is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. c. It contains an indentation known as a hilus. d. It contains follicles in its cortex.
E. All the Above
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Lymph in the left leg is ultimately drained by the thoracic duct. b. Lymph in the right leg is ultimately drained by the thoracic duct. c. Most mucous membranes are underlain by diffuse lymphatic tissue. d. The appendix contains lymphoid follicles.
E. All the above
What is the graveyard of Red Blood Cells?
Spleen
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Activated complement can cause bacterial cell lysis. b. An inflamed area appears red because of decreased local blood flow. c. During a fever, the liver and spleen release prodigious amounts of zinc into the plasma. d. T lymphocytes are made in the thymus but they mature in the red bone marrow. e. 2 of the above
a. Activated complement can cause bacterial cell lysis.
In clonal selection of B cells, which of the following is responsible for determining which cells eventually become cloned? a. Antigen b. Lymphocyte c. Antibody d. Macrophage e. IgA
a. Antigen
Alexander Fleming made a serendipitous discovery. One day when he was suffering from a cold, he sneezed on a bacterial culture of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Following his usual routine of leaving his bacterial cultures lying about, 10 days later he observed that the bacteria near his own nasal mucus had dissolved. The best explanation for this is that: a. His mucus contained large quantities of lysozyme b. His mucus had a low osmotic pressure c. His mucus contained B lymphocytes that had recently matured in the thymus d. His mucus lacked T lymphocytes e. His mucus contained a large quantity of natural killer cells
a. His mucus contained large quantities of lysozyme.
Which of the following could play a role in destroying a foreign antigen in the plasma? I. Antibodies II. Immunoglobulins III. Plasma cells IV. Helper T cells a. I, II, III, and IV b. I, II, and III only c. I, III, and IV only d. I, II, and IV only e. I and III only
a. I, II, III, and IV
Which of the following help skin function as an effective pathogen barrier? I. Sebum II. Sweat III. Keratin IV. Stratified epithelium
a. I, II, III, and IV
The only antibody that could attack the Rh complexes on fetal red blood cells is the: a. IgG antibody b. IgA antibody c. IgE antibody d. IgM antibody e. IgD antibody
a. IgG antibody
Nonspecific immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. Immunoglobulins b. Complement c. Interferons d. Neutrophils e. 2 of the above
a. Immunoglobulins
Lymphoid tissue: a. Is often found beneath mucous membranes b. Is a tissue that lacks cells c. Is NOT found within the digestive tract d. Usually functions to promote bacterial and viral replication
a. Is often found beneath mucous membranes
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Killer T cells can destroy virus-infected cells by releasing perforins. b. Substances that can provoke an immune response are called kinins. c. Antibodies are produced primarily by Suppressor T cells. d. Class I MHC proteins are found only on antigen-presenting cells. e. Class I MHC proteins are found on red and white blood cells.
a. Killer T cells can destroy virus-infected cells by releasing perforins.
Which of the following is TRUE? a. T lymphocytes acquire immunocompetence in the thymus. b. All T lymphocytes will display the same surface receptors. c. All nucleated cells contain class II MHC proteins on their surface. d. Helper T cells are also referred to as CD8 cells. e. More than one of the above.
a. T lymphocytes acquire immunocompetence in the thymus.
An inability to move lymph could result in edema. a. The above statement is TRUE b. The above statement is FALSE
a. The above statement is TRUE
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The lag period is longer during the secondary immune response than during the primary immune response. b. Tonsils contain crypts that "trap" pathogens, which can result in the destruction of the pathogen and the production of memory cells. c. Peyer's patches are found in the distal small intestine. d. Serious chronic inflammation can result in formation of pus. e. The primary function of the spleen is red blood cell removal/recycling.
a. The lag period is longer during the secondary immune response than during the primary immune response.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The majority of the spleen is composed of white pulp, lymphocytes suspended on reticular fibers. b. The cortex of a lymph node is packed with lymphoid follicles. c. Large superficial clusters of lymph nodes are found in the axillary, cervical, and inguinal regions. d. Lymphoid organs are characterized by a connective tissue capsule. e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue is prominent within mucous membranes.
a. The majority of the spleen is composed of white pulp, lymphocytes suspended on reticular fibers.
The specificity of T and B lymphocytes is determined by: a. Their surface receptors b. Their nuclear receptors c. Their mitochondria
a. Their surface receptors
Put the following in the correct order for lymph flow: 1. Subcapsular sinus 2. Afferent lymphatic vessel 3. Cortical sinus 4. Efferent lymphatic vessel 5. Medullary sinus a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 2,1,3,5,4 c. 2,3,5,1,4 d. 3,2,5,1,4 e. None of the above are correct
b. 2,1,3,5,4
In a disorder known as congenital thymic aplasia, the thymus fails to develop. Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of this disorder? a. An elevated number of mature helper T cells in the body. b. A lack of functioning immunocompetent T lymphocytes c. An inability to regulate stroke volume in response to changes in blood pressure. d. An enhanced ability to fight infection. e. An elevated number of lymph nodes in the lumen of the proximal esophagus.
b. A lack of functioning immunocompetent T lymphocytes
Which of the following is TRUE of the thymus? a. Surgical removal of the thymus from a 3 month old child could affect B lymphocyte development, but NOT T lymphocyte development. b. An adult thymus will contain more adipocytes than the thymus of a 13yr old. c. The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that directly fights pathogens. d. The thymus is located anterior to the sternum and inferior to the diaphragm. e. The thymus is the only example of diffuse lymphatic tissue in the thoracic cavity.
b. An adult thymus will contain more adipocytes than the thymus of a 13yr old.
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Lymphatic vessels lack valves. b. An increase in skeletal muscle activity will increase lymph flow. c. The thoracic duct drains both the right arm and the right leg. d. The thoracic duct drains both the right and left arms. e. The right lymphatic duct begins as an enlarged sac called the cisterna chyli.
b. An increase in skeletal muscle activity will increase lymph flow.
Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies? a. Carbohydrate structure b. Composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains c. 3 antigen binding sites per antibody monomer d. Incapable of being transferred from one individual to another e. Both C and D are correct
b. Composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains
Lymph nodes: a. Typically have more efferent than afferent lymphatic vessels. b. Contain reticular cells and lymphocytes and function to cleanse lymph. c. Are only found in the inguinal, cervical, and axillary regions. d. Are shaped like a biconcave disk. e. Have a cortex and medulla but lack a connective tissue capsule.
b. Contain reticular cells and lymphocytes and function to cleanse lymph.
The adult thymus: a. Is more active than the infant thymus. b. Contains adipocytes and fibrous connective tissue. c. Directly removes pathogens from the lymphatic circulation. d. Has both afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels. e. Is an avascular tissue.
b. Contains adipocytes and fibrous connective tissue.
204. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Reticular cells are an example of an antibody-secreting leukocyte. b. Diffuse lymphatic tissue is prominent within mucous membranes. c. Lymphoid follicles are usually surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. d. Several regions of the body lack lymph nodes, including the axillary, cervical, and lumbar areas. e. There are typically more efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels associated with a lymph node.
b. Diffuse lymphatic tissue is prominent within mucous membranes.
Class I MHC proteins: a. Are found on all blood cells b. Display protein fragments on a cell's surface c. Are only involved in bacterial infections d. Are not found on macrophages e. Are recognized primarily by Helper T cells
b. Display protein fragments on a cell's surface
A cell that has been infected with a virus will: a. Release antibodies. b. Display viral protein fragments along with a MHC I protein c. Display viral protein fragments along with a MHC II protein d. Always release lysozyme and complement proteins e. None of the above
b. Display viral protein fragments along with a MHC I protein
Large lymphoid follicles found in the ______________ are known as Peyer's patches. a. Proximal colon b. Distal small intestine c. Stomach d. Appendix e. Rectum
b. Distal small intestine
Peyer's patches are found in the: a. Proximal stomach b. Distal small intestine c. Liver d. Pancreas e. Rectum
b. Distal small intestine
The primary function of the spleen is: a. Blood pressure and volume regulation b. Filtering of damaged and old erythrocytes from the bloodstream. c. Production of platelets and granulocytes d. Storage of iron, zinc, and mercury. Production of epinephrine
b. Filtering of damaged and old erythrocytes from the bloodstream.
A decrease in which population of lymphocytes would impair all aspects of an immune response? a. Cytotoxic T cells b. Helper T cells c. Suppressor T cells d. B cells e. Plasma cells
b. Helper T cells
__________ released from basophils and mast cells causes ___________. a. Histamine; vasoconstriction b. Histamine; vasodilation c. Nitrous oxide; vasodilation d. Prostaglandin; vasoconstriction e. Leukocytosis-inducing factor; hyperemia
b. Histamine; vasodilation
Which of the following would you expect to be present in greatest amounts in the mucus of the respiratory tract? a. Lymph nodes b. IgA antibodies c. Red blood cells d. IgD antibodies e. Immunoincompetent T lymphocytes
b. IgA antibodies
Mycobacterium bovis is a weakened, non-pathogenic form of the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Upon injection, macrophages engulf and destroy them and use the resulting debris to prime the acquired immune system. The macrophages would display the pieces of digested bacteria on their: a. MHC I proteins b. MHC II proteins c. MHC III proteins d. Antigen receptors e. Golgi apparatus
b. MHC II proteins
Which of the following cells destroys body cells that have been infected by a virus? a. Monocytes b. Natural killer cells c. B lymphocytes d. Eosinophils e. Alveolar macrophages
b. Natural killer cells
The transfer of plasma antibodies from mother to infant via breast milk is an example of what type of immunity? a. Natural active b. Natural passive c. Artificial active d. Artificial passive e. None of the above
b. Natural passive
The majority of cells produced in response to the clonal selection of a B lymphocyte are: a. Memory B cells b. Plasma cells c. Dendritic cells d. CD8 cells e. CD4 cells
b. Plasma cells
Serious chronic inflammation may result in the formation of: a. Pyrogens b. Pus c. Mucus d. Cilia e. Interferon
b. Pus
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Inflammation is a specific immune response. b. Saliva contains antibacterial chemicals. c. The CNS lacks phagocytic cells. d. A phagosome is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes and is found in all cells. e. Complement proteins are primarily made by the red bone marrow.
b. Saliva contains antibacterial chemicals.
A lack of a functioning thymus: a. Would prevent B cell production b. Would prevent B cell maturation c. Would have a detrimental effect on the humoral immune system d. Would affect T cell production, but would not affect T cell maturation e. All of the above
b. Would prevent B cell maturation
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus destroys Helper T cells. This will: 1. Increase the efficiency of the body's cell-mediated immune response. 2. Decrease the efficiency of the body's humoral immune response. 3. Have no effect on the nonspecific immune response. a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 only c. 2 only d. 1 and 3 e. 2 and 3
c. 2 only
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Sebum is bactericidal. b. Free macrophages are derived from monocytes. c. A lysozyme is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes. d. Pathogens are disease-causing organisms. e. Keratin is resistant to bacterial enzymes.
c. A lysozyme is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the complement system? a. Complement proteins are produced by the liver b. Inactive complement proteins are always found in the plasma c. Activated complement proteins bind to bacteria and thus decrease the likelihood of them being d. Activated complement can cause cell lysis e. Activated complement can cause an increase in local histamine release phagocytosed
c. Activated complement proteins bind to bacteria and thus decrease the likelihood of them being phagocytosed
Mr. Reich was infected with Clostridium difficile. In response, his adaptive immune system produced antibodies. This type of immunity is... a. Natural but not active b. Passive but not natural c. Active but not artificial d. Active and passive e. Artificial but not passive
c. Active but not artificial
When the body fails to differentiate between self and foreign antigens: a. Acquired immunodeficiency is the result. b. It is because the body lacks T cells. c. Autoimmune disease results d. It is because the body contains too many neutrophils. e. The body's nucleated cells will stop all protein production.
c. Autoimmune disease results
132. The only T cell population that can directly attack and kill other cells are the: a. Suppressor cells b. Helper cells c. CD4 cells d. Cytotoxic cells e. Plasma cells
c. CD4 cells
Lymph nodes: a. Are only found in the cervical, inguinal, and axillary regions b. Are NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule c. Have a cortex that will contain B lymphocytes d. Typically have more efferent lymph vessels than afferent lymph vessels e. All of the above
c. Have a cortex that will contain B lymphocytes
Which of the following is NOT an antibody class? a. IgE b. IgD c. IgF d. IgA e. IgG
c. IgF
The primary immune response: a. Occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary immune response b. Occurs only when memory cells are stimulated c. Is another name for immunological memory d. Has a lag period where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells e. None of the above
c. Is another name for immunological memory
The specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the intestinal villi are known as: a. Entrails b. Lymphoids c. Lacteals d. Thymosins e. None of the above
c. Lacteals
Which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. There are no "lymphatic arteries" b. Lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries c. Lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries are found in bone and teeth. d. Lymphatic capillaries called lacteals are involved in fat absorption. e. Lymphatic vessels contain valves.
c. Lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries are found in bone and teeth.
Lymphatic collecting vessels are linked to lymphatic ducts by: a. Lymphatic capillaries b. Lacteals c. Lymphatic trunks d. Lymphatic arteries e. Anastomoses
c. Lymphatic trunks d. Lymphatic arteries
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Lymph in the left leg is ultimately drained by the thoracic duct. b. Lymph in the right leg is ultimately drained by the thoracic duct. c. Most mucous membranes are underlain by diffuse lymphatic tissue. d. The appendix contains lymphoid follicles.
c. Natural killer cells destroy virus-infected cells.
127. In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of: a. Innate immunity. b. Active immunization. c. Passive immunization. d. Natural immunity. e. Autoimmunity.
c. Passive immunization.
Lymphatic capillaries: a. Are less permeable than blood capillaries. b. Are found primarily in bone and teeth. c. Play a role in fat absorption in the intestines. d. Contain 33% fewer RBCs compared to blood capillaries.
c. Play a role in fat absorption in the intestines.
Which of the following is TRUE? a. Palatine tonsils are located on the anterior edge of the nasal cavity. b. The lingual tonsils contain no lymphocytes at all. c. The pharyngeal tonsils are sometimes referred to as the adenoids. d. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the thoracic cavity. e. The thymus is the site of B lymphocyte production and maturation.
c. The pharyngeal tonsils are sometimes referred to as the adenoids.
Which of the following is TRUE? a. There are usually more proteins in lymph than in plasma. b. Lymphatic capillaries in the kidneys are known as lacteals. c. The thoracic duct will receive lymph that was formed in the right kidney. d. Lymph empties into the vascular system near the beginning of the subclavian arteries. e. Differentiated T lymphocytes are referred to as plasma cells.
c. The thoracic duct will receive lymph that was formed in the right kidney.
The majority of the body's lymph drains from the: a. Right lymphatic duct into the right subclavian vein b. Left lymphatic duct into the left subclavian artery c. Thoracic duct into the right subclavian vein d. Cisterna chyli into the abdominal vena cava e. Right lymphatic duct into the thoracic duct
c. Thoracic duct into the right subclavian vein.
Which of the following is TRUE of the tonsils? a. The pharyngeal tonsil is the most inferior. b. The palatine tonsils are found just under the tongue. c. Tonsils are characterized by the presence of crypts. d. Tonsils usually do not contain any lymphocytes. e. Tonsils are fully encapsulated by connective tissue.
c. Tonsils are characterized by the presence of crypts.
156. Which of the following is a normal constituent of plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid? 1. Water 2. Proteins 3. Red blood cells a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 only c. 2 only d. 1 and 2 e. 1 and 3
d. 1 and 2
Antibodies can cause: a. Agglutination by linking cellular antigens b. Precipitation by linking soluble antigens c. Lysis by activating complement which can then form a membrane attack complex d. All of the above e. 2 of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following signs of inflammation are primarily caused by increased local blood flow and increased local capillary permeability? d. All of the above e. Only 2 of the above
d. All of the above
Helper T cells: a. Bind tightly to target cells and release perforins as well as tumor necrosis factor b. Often function to decrease the immune response c. Perform one function only; they release B234 proteins d. Are often involved in clonal selection of B lymphocytes e. 3 of the above are correct
d. Are often involved in clonal selection of B lymphocytes
Which of the matches is INCORRECT? a. Lysozyme - secreted in saliva b. Lysosome - contains lysozyme c. Complement proteins - form membrane attack complexes d. CD4 cells - Killer T cells e. All of the above ARE CORRECT.
d. CD4 cells - Killer T cells
Binding of _____________ to bacteria can _______________ the likelihood of phagocytosis. a. Antibodies: decrease b. Antigens: decrease c. Antigens: increase d. Complement proteins: increase e. Complement proteins: decrease
d. Complement proteins: increase
