M7 Endocrine Glands & Hormones
parathyroid glands
four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
adrenal medulla
inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
located at base of the brain
pancreas
located behind stomach; secretes islet cells and enzymes
ovaries
located in the lower abdomen of female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion
thyroid gland
located in the neck on either side of trachea; secretes thyroxine
androgen
male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex
adrenal cortex
outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
cortisol
secreted by adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar
aldosterone
secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption
adrenaline
secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP
epinephrine (adrenaline)
secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP
norepinephrine
secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP
glucagon
secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland
luteinizing hormone (LH)
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulated ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
adrenocorticotropic hormone
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex
growth hormone (GH)
secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues
insulin
secreted by beta islet cells; helps glucose to pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
progesterone
secreted by ovaries; prepares uterus for pregnancy
parathormone (PTH)
secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by kidney
oxytocin (OT)
secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth
calcitonin
secreted by thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels
testes
two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
