M7 Endocrine Glands & Hormones

parathyroid glands

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

adrenal medulla

inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

located at base of the brain

pancreas

located behind stomach; secretes islet cells and enzymes

ovaries

located in the lower abdomen of female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

thyroid gland

located in the neck on either side of trachea; secretes thyroxine

androgen

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

adrenal cortex

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

cortisol

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar

aldosterone

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

adrenaline

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP

epinephrine (adrenaline)

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP

norepinephrine

secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and BP

glucagon

secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland

luteinizing hormone (LH)

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulated ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

adrenocorticotropic hormone

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex

growth hormone (GH)

secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

insulin

secreted by beta islet cells; helps glucose to pass into cells and promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

progesterone

secreted by ovaries; prepares uterus for pregnancy

parathormone (PTH)

secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by kidney

oxytocin (OT)

secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and childbirth

calcitonin

secreted by thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

testes

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion