M.A: Nervous system
What type of neuron is also called an interneuron because it carries messages between the other two types of neurons?
Associative
Which of the following items are risk factors for stroke? Smoking Heart disease Diabetes All of the above
Smoking Heart disease Diabetes
Define Neurotransmitters
Special chemicals that help impulses "Jump" the synapse to pass the message from cell to cell.
what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system? What is the each division responsible for?
Sympathetic System: prepares the body for action with the "fight or flight" responds. increases heart rate respiration, BP, and slows the rate of digestion. After stress is over, Parasympathetic system: reverses these actions to counteract the effects and return the body to normal working conditions.
Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for action in an emergency?
Sympathetic system
what do pons do?
pons directs messages to other parts of the brain and for chewing, tasting, and saliva production. It also helps with respiration.
what is the function of the cerebellum?
responsible for coordination of muscle movements, balance and posture, and muscle tone.
what is myasthenia gravis? what are the causes, symptoms and treatments?
A disease where the proper nerve pulses are not sent to the muscles.
Which of these fibers conduct impulses away from a nerve cell?
A single axon
what are afferent, efferent, and associative neurons?
Afferent: Called sensory neurons. They carry messages from all parts of the body to the brain/spinal cord. Efferent: called motor neurons, they carry messages from the brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands. Associatives: called inter-neurons they carry messages from afferent neurons to efferent neurons.
AD
Alzheimer disease
Which division of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
How does an impulse travel from one neuron to another?
Chemical neurotransmitters help the impulse "jump" across the space between the cells.
Which type of nerves in the peripheral nervous system receive input from special and general senses?
Cranial
What type of neuron is also called motor because it carries messages from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands to put them into action?
Efferent
What is the main function of the spinal cord?
It carries messages to and from the brain and the nerves that go to the muscles and glands.
what is cerbrospinal fluid and what is its function?
Flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord for further protection. This watery liquid fills the brains 4 ventricles or hollow spaces and acts as a shock absorber. it also carries nutrients and removes products and wastes.
What can be done to help prevent brain damage from a stroke?
Give the patient drugs to break up clots within the first 3 hours.
How is the diencephalon separated and what is its function of each part?
In 2 parts: Thalamus: directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum Hypothalamus: Controls the autonomic nervous system, body temp., appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation. It plays a role in emotions like anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
how is the brain stem separated and what is its function of each part?
Into 3 parts: Midbrain: conducts impulses between the brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes. Pon: directs messages to other parts of the brain and for chewing, tasting, and saliva production. Helps with respiration. Medulla Oblongata: connects with spinal cord and regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure.
Which activities of the body are controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
Involuntary
How does cerebrospinal fluid help to protect the central nervous system?
It acts as a shock absorber to reduce trauma to the brain. It carries nutrients to some parts of the system. It helps remove metabolic wastes.
Which of these fibers conduct impulses toward a nerve cell?
Many dendrites
Which part of the brain stem connects with the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
What is the general term for the layers of tough membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
What is the fatty tissue that covers axons and speeds up impulses as they travel from cell to cell?
Myelin sheath
Which division of the autonomic nervous system counteract the effects stress and returns the body to normal working conditions?
Parasympathetic system
List the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord from the innermost to the outermost layer:
Pia mater: Innermost Arachroid Dura Mater: outer layer
What is the purpose of the vertebrae?
Protect the spinal cord
what is the brain protected by?
The brain is protected by the skull
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of muscle movements, balance and posture, and muscle tone
what is the largest and highest section of the brain. It is separated into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It is concerned with reasoning, the senses, speech, and voluntary body movement?
The cerebrum
what are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
The two main divisions are the central and peripheral nervous system. CNS: brain/spinal cord. PHS: consists of nerves that reach all parts of the body. It has a special division called autonomic nervous system, which controls the involuntary, or autonomic activities of the vital organs.
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To coordinate all of the body's activities.
If the respiratory muscles are affected by myasthenia gravis, the disease can be fatal.
True
What is multiple sclerosis? what are the causes, symptoms and treatments?
a disease of the central nervous system that results in progressive loss of muscle control. The myelin sheath is slowly destroyed.
what is the autonomic nervous system?
a special part of the peripheral nervous system. It controls the involuntary, or automatic, activities of the body.
What is a neuron? What is its job?
basic element of the nervous system or nerve cell. Its job is To transmit a message from one cell to the next.
encephal/o
brain
CNS
central nervous system
cerebell/o
cerebellum
CSF
cerebrovascular accident (stoke)
cerebr/o
cerebrum
Define Axon
conduct impulses away the cell. Only one Axon, in each nerve cell.
Define Dendrite
conduct impulses toward the cell. A nerve cell may have several dendrites.
EEG
electocephalography
what is a cerbrovascular accident? what are the causes, symptoms and treatments?
is also called a stroke and it occurs when there is a loss of blood flow and in turn O2, to the brain.
how is the cerebrum separated and what is its function?
its separated into four lobes: Frontal, Parietal, temporal, and occupital. Its function is to control and direct body functions and reasoning, the senses, speech, and voluntary body movement.
LP
lumbar puncture
Define Myelin Sheath
many axons are covered by a fatty tissue. This protects the axon and speeds up the impulse as it travels.
medul/o
medulla oblongata
what does the medulla oblongata do?
medulla oblongata connects with the spinal cord and regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure.
what does the midbrain do?
midbrain conducts impulses between the brain parts and for certain eye and auditory reflexes.
MS
multiple scerso
neur/o
nerve
The basic element of the nervous system is the nerve cell, also known as the _______.
neuron
myel/o
spinal cord
Where does is the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata located?
the brain stem
Define Synapse
the space between dendrite and an atom is synaps.
what is the spinal cord protected by?
the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae that surround it.
what does The diencephalon include?
the thalamus directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system, body temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation. The hypothalamus also plays a role in emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
TIA
transient ischemic attack