MA&P: Chapter 19
Some patients with sickle cell anemia can enjoy a normal life as long as they avoid strenuous activities. Why would this be?
Strenuous activities require more ATP, but the sickled red blood cells cannot supply the extra oxygen needed.
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
hemorrhage.
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
monocytes
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.
their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens
A moving blood clot is called a(n)
embolus.
The process of red blood cell production is called
erythropoiesis.
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hematocrit
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
liver
Patients suffering from Thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions to make up for their short-lived red blood cells. What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells?
120 days
The average life span of a red blood cell is
4 months
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
45 percent
Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is
aplastic anemia
Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?
basophils
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
basophils
Blood type is identified primarily by
both the ABO and Rh blood groups.
The function of red blood cells is to
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called
coagulation.
Platelets are
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
An infected wound contains typically contains
dead neutrophils, pus, cellular debris, tissue fluids.
What is the a function of the blood?
defense against toxins and pathogens, transports gases, body heat, nutrients and wastes
Eosinophils function in
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
develop into plasma cells
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
eosinophils
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
erythropoietin.
The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is
fibrinogen
RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood?
formed elements
A hematocrit provides information on
formed elements abundance.
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she
has antibodies to B agglutinogens
What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has?
hematocrit
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
hypovolemic.
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
injections of vitamin B12.
Plasma is closest in composition to
interstitial fluid.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
iron
A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in
low levels of prothrombin, low levels of Factor X, low levels of thromboplastin, prolonged bleeding.
The hematologist diagnoses Jasmine with aplastic anemia, a serious red bone marrow failure. Jasmine's hemopoietic marrow was replaced by adipose tissue, and no red cells, white cells, or platelets are being produced. To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell?
megakaryocyte
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
pernicious anemia.
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin.
The function of platelets is to assist in the
process called hemostasis.
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of
proteins
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
red bone marrow
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
the release of erythropoietin, an increase in red blood cell production, a rise in hematocrit, a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels.
The most abundant component of plasma is
water
The formed elements of blood consist of
white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
whole blood.
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
thrombin.
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
anemia
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.
anti-B
The hematologist performs a bone marrow biopsy by inserting a large bore needle into the red bone marrow of Jasmine's posterior iliac crest and extracting cells. Jasmine's red bone marrow shows very little hemopoiesis and virtually no hemocytoblasts, myeloid stem cells, or lymphoid stem cells. What would happen if Jasmine received a shot of erythropoietin?
The erythropoietin would have little effect on Jasmine's blood cell production.
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
a superficial vein.
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called
agglutination.
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from
an artery
Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect
an increased reticulocyte count.