MA&P: Chapter 19

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Some patients with sickle cell anemia can enjoy a normal life as long as they avoid strenuous activities. Why would this be?

Strenuous activities require more ATP, but the sickled red blood cells cannot supply the extra oxygen needed.

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

monocytes

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

embolus.

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

delete

hematocrit

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Patients suffering from Thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions to make up for their short-lived red blood cells. What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells?

120 days

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is

aplastic anemia

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?

basophils

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

Blood type is identified primarily by

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

coagulation.

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

An infected wound contains typically contains

dead neutrophils, pus, cellular debris, tissue fluids.

What is the a function of the blood?

defense against toxins and pathogens, transports gases, body heat, nutrients and wastes

Eosinophils function in

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

develop into plasma cells

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin.

The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

fibrinogen

RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood?

formed elements

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

has antibodies to B agglutinogens

What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has?

hematocrit

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in

low levels of prothrombin, low levels of Factor X, low levels of thromboplastin, prolonged bleeding.

The hematologist diagnoses Jasmine with aplastic anemia, a serious red bone marrow failure. Jasmine's hemopoietic marrow was replaced by adipose tissue, and no red cells, white cells, or platelets are being produced. To produce platelets, myeloid stem cells have to differentiate into what kind of cell?

megakaryocyte

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin.

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

the release of erythropoietin, an increase in red blood cell production, a rise in hematocrit, a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels.

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The formed elements of blood consist of

white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

anemia

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

anti-B

The hematologist performs a bone marrow biopsy by inserting a large bore needle into the red bone marrow of Jasmine's posterior iliac crest and extracting cells. Jasmine's red bone marrow shows very little hemopoiesis and virtually no hemocytoblasts, myeloid stem cells, or lymphoid stem cells. What would happen if Jasmine received a shot of erythropoietin?

The erythropoietin would have little effect on Jasmine's blood cell production.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination.

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

an artery

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.


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