Magoosh Advanced I

prosaic

(adj.) dull, lacking in distinction and originality; matter-of-fact, straightforward; characteristic of prose, not poetic Prosaic means ordinary or dull. Most of us lead a prosaic everyday life, sometimes interrupted by some drama or crisis. This adjective is from Latin prosa "prose," which is ordinary writing intended to communicate ideas and information. Prose is often contrasted with poetry, which usually has a more imaginative and original style. adjlacking wit or imagination Synonyms: earthbound, pedestrian, prosy uninteresting arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement adjnot challenging; dull and lacking excitement Synonyms: commonplace, humdrum, unglamorous, unglamourous unexciting not exciting adjnot fanciful or imaginative "a prosaic and unimaginative essay" Synonyms: matter-of-fact unrhetorical not rhetorical But the show remains steadfastly prosaic, never rising to the heights of poetry.

truculent

(adj.) fierce and cruel; aggressive; deadly, destructive; scathingly harsh تند ستیزه جویبی رحم If you are quick to argue, always looking for a fight, and hard to please, you are truculent. You can also write a truculent essay, and fans upset by a loss can become truculent. This word has no connection to truck, but the similar sound is still a good way to remember it: truculent folks are like monster trucks, ready to run over anything that gets in their way. To be truculent is to be defiant, aggressive, and quarrelsome. A truculent student will get in trouble with teachers, and a truculent teacher might get fired. In a violent sport like football, it helps to be truculent, but it's usually not a great quality. adjdefiantly aggressive "a truculent speech against the new government" Synonyms: aggressive having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends

gaudy

(adj.) flashy, showy; not in good taste Something that's gaudy is showy, bright and definitely tacky. So think twice about that gaudy rainbow-colored suit and shiny gold shoes ensemble. Gaudy is an adjective that means "ostentatious" — in other words, flashy and in your face, and not in a good way. Someone in a gaudy outfit is probably trying too hard to be cool and stylish. Gaudy evolved from the Middle English gaud "deception, trick" in the 1520's. That word, in turn, came from gaudi, used to describe a "large, ornamental bead in a rosary." 1 adjtastelessly showy "a gaudy costume" Synonyms: brassy, cheap, flash, flashy, garish, gimcrack, loud, meretricious, tacky, tatty, tawdry, trashy tasteless lacking aesthetic or social taste adj(used especially of clothes) marked by conspicuous display Synonyms: flashy, jazzy, showy, sporty colorful, colourful striking in variety and interest 2 n(Britain) a celebratory reunion feast or entertainment held a college Type of: banquet, feast a ceremonial dinner party for many people

feckless

(adj.) lacking in spirit and strength; ineffective, weak; irresponsible, unreliable سست بی اثر If a newspaper editorial describes a politician as feckless, you might wonder, "What is feck, and why doesn't he have any?" In fact, the columnist is accusing the politician of being irresponsible and incompetent. Did you know that most varieties of English are in fact "feck"-less? They don't contain a word feck, only the negative counterpart feckless. The "feck" in feckless began as a short form of effect used in the Scots dialect. So feckless essentially means "ineffective," but is also used to describe someone who is irresponsible, incompetent, inept, or without purpose in life. adjgenerally incompetent and ineffectual "feckless attempts to repair the plumbing" Synonyms: inept incompetent not qualified or suited for a purpose adjnot fit to assume responsibility Synonyms: irresponsible showing lack of care for consequences The state's watchdog responsibility is too important to leave its enforcement so feckless.

churlish

(adj.) lacking politeness or good manners; lacking sensitivity; difficult to work with or deal with; rude خشن بی تربیت زمخت A churlish person is one whose middle name might as well be Rude. He's the one who was never taught to mind his manners and avoid telling vulgar jokes at the dinner table. Churlish has its origins in late Old English, but its modern-day meaning of "deliberately rude" developed in the 14th century. It's a fitting adjective to describe boorish or surly behavior. It can also describe a material that is difficult to work with, such as hard wood that's resistant to quick whittling. Our prolific pal Shakespeare coined the phrase, "as valiant as the lion, churlish as the bear." adjhaving a bad disposition; surly "" churlish as a bear"- Shakespeare" Synonyms: ill-natured having an irritable and unpleasant disposition adjrude and boorish Synonyms: ungracious lacking charm and good taste It seems like this is just a churlish new way to mock political opponents, but there is a scientific backdrop to the banter.

saturnine

(adj.) of a gloomy or surly disposition; cold or sluggish in mood عبوس سنگین افسرده Medieval alchemists ascribed to the planet Saturn a gloomy and slow character. When people are called saturnine, it means they are like the planet — gloomy, mean, scowling. Not exactly the life of the party. Saturnine is a word you don't hear often nowadays, though you probably know people with saturnine dispositions. The ultimate saturnine character in literature is Heathcliff — and for clarification's sake, that would be the brooding, bitter, brooding, obsessive hero of Wuthering Heights, not the lovably pudgy cat of comic-strip fame. When "Studio 54" screened at Sundance in 2018, the audience hissed every time Mr. Cohn's saturnine image flashed on the screen.

fractious

(adj.) tending to be troublesome; unruly, quarrelsome, contrary; unpredictable If you're prone to picking fights, making snarky comments, and being frustratingly stubborn, you're fractious. And odds are you're not invited to too many parties. Someone who is fractious is cranky, rebellious and inclined to cause problems. Tempers and children are commonly described as such. In To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses the word to describe the trouble-making Calpurnia: "She had always been too hard on me, she had at last seen the error of her fractious ways, she was sorry and too stubborn to say so." adjeasily irritated or annoyed "an incorrigibly fractious young man" Synonyms: cranky, irritable, nettlesome, peckish, peevish, pettish, petulant, scratchy, techy, testy, tetchy ill-natured having an irritable and unpleasant disposition adjstubbornly resistant to authority or control "a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness" Synonyms: recalcitrant, refractory disobedient not obeying or complying with commands of those in authority adjunpredictably difficult in operation; likely to be troublesome "rockets were much too fractious to be tested near thickly populated areas" "fractious components of a communication system" Synonyms: difficult, hard not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure The debate among Democrats over impeachment grew increasingly fractious and public.

diatribe

(n.) a bitter and prolonged verbal attack زخم زبان سخن سخت It's pretty overwhelming when you ask your friend a seemingly innocuous question, like "Do you like hot dogs?" and she unleashes a diatribe about the evils of eating meat. A diatribe is an angry, critical speech. This noun has its roots in the Greek diatribē, "pastime or lecture," from diatrībein, "to waste time or wear away," combining dia-, "thoroughly," and trībein, "to rub." So the origin of the word diatribe is connected to both serious study and the spending or wasting of time. With most diatribes, the speaker thinks he's well informed and knows something the listener doesn't, while to most listeners the diatribe is so angry and unhinged that it's just a waste of time. nthunderous verbal attack Synonyms: fulmination Type of: denouncement, denunciation a public act of denouncing I didn't follow too much the reaction, to tell you the truth, because the topic lends itself to a lot of discussions, controversies and diatribes that I didn't want to follow.

anathema

(n.) an object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation (often used adjectivally without the article) Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand is anathema. Garlic is anathema to vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf. Originally the term anathema comes from the Catholic practice of denouncing a particular individual or idea that was antithetical to the Catholic Church. If done to a person, it excommunicated them, meaning they could no longer partake in the church's sacraments (with presumably pretty poor consequences for the soul.) That's a lot worse than kryptonite a formal ecclesiastical curse accompanied by excommunication Type of: condemnation, curse, execration an appeal to some supernatural power to inflict evil on someone or some group na detested person "he is an anathema to me" Synonyms: bete noire Type of: disagreeable person, unpleasant person a person who is not pleasant or agreeable

contend

(v.) to fight, struggle; to compete; to argue مبارزه کردن مشاجره استدلال ادعا کردن To defend a belief or keep affirming that it's true is to contend. People used to contend that the earth was flat, but eventually, when no one dropped off the edge no matter how far they traveled, the "round" theory won. One of the meanings of contend is from the French "to strive with," and it is a literal fighting, as in "to contend with fists." Most contemporary uses of the verb contend illustrate competitions of proof or defense, where a person will contend that something is true, or better, or wrong. It is still a striving but more of a verbal kind, where what you contend is what you hope to convince others is correct. v compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others 2.v maintain or assert 3.v come to terms with Mr. Fustolo contends that there is no proof that his actions cost Mr. Howe business.

Percipitate

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

chary

Being chary (pronounced CHAIR-ee) is being wary or cautious. If you lost two teeth in last year's rugby season, you should be chary of signing up again this year. Chary comes from the Old English word cearig for "sorrowful, careful," which is basically what you are if you're chary. If you're a little suspicious of something and mulling it over, you're being chary. A synonym of chary is wary, and both include caution, but some definitions suggest that it's obvious when someone is wary — it shows — while being chary is more of an inside, or hidden, distrust. adjcharacterized by great caution and wariness "chary of the risks involved" "a chary investor" Synonyms: cagey, cagy cautious showing careful forethought But his personal experience made him chary, too.

artless

Free of deceit or craftiness, natural, genuine; lacking skill or knowledge, crude, uncultured ساده لوح بی تزویر Yes, artless could mean lacking in art, but more often it means lacking in superficiality or deceit. An artless person could never make a living as a con artist. Originally meaning "unskillful" or "uncultured," artless evolved into meaning not skilled or cultured in the art of deceit. If you are artless, you are natural and uncontrived. Young people, animals, the socially inept — these can all be artless in the way they express themselves. They seem to mean exactly what they say. adjsimple and natural; without cunning or deceit "an artless manner" "artless elegance" Synonyms: careless effortless and unstudied natural in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature Antonyms: artful marked by skill in achieving a desired end especially with cunning or craft show more antonyms... adjcharacterized by an inability to mask your feelings; not devious Synonyms: ingenuous candid, heart-to-heart, open openly straightforward and direct without reserve or secretiveness undistorted without alteration or misrepresentation sincere open and genuine; not deceitful naif, naive marked by or showing unaffected simplicity and lack of guile or worldly experience Antonyms: artful, disingenuous not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of At 90 minutes or less, this movie's flat acting, choppy conversations, artless cinematography and sub-David Lynch surrealism would be easy to dismiss.

insufferable

Impossible to bear; intolerable غیرقابل تحمل If something is insufferable, it's unbearable and impossible, like the insufferable humidity of the "rain forest room" at the zoo on a hot summer day. You can see the word suffer in insufferable — and it's no coincidence. If it's unacceptable or too much to handle, it's insufferable. An egotistic co-worker is insufferable, and so is a blizzard that leaves six-foot drifts against the doors of your house, or insufferable working conditions in many of the factories that produce goods around the world. adjused of persons or their behavior "insufferable insolence" Synonyms: impossible, unacceptable, unsufferable intolerable, unbearable, unendurable incapable of being put up with "That probably made it insufferable to live together but is also probably what brought them together in the first place."

precipitate

Precipitate usually means "bringing something on" or "making it happen" — and not always in a good way. An unpopular verdict might "precipitate violence" or one false step at the Grand Canyon could precipitate you down into the gorge. Precipitate, as a verb, can also mean specifically, "to fall from clouds," such as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation. When used as an adjective, precipitate means "hasty" or "acting suddenly." If you decide to throw your class project in a trash masher just because someone in your class had a similar idea, then your actions might be described as precipitate. Or if you do that sort of thing regularly, you may be a precipitate person. precipitate 1. vadj done with very great haste and without due deliberation 2. vn fall from clouds Full Definitions of precipitate 1 vbring about abruptly "The crisis precipitated by Russia's revolution" Type of: effect, effectuate, set up produce vhurl or throw violently "The bridge broke and precipitated the train into the river below" Type of: cast, hurl, hurtle throw forcefully vfall vertically, sharply, or headlong "Our economy precipitated into complete ruin" Type of: come down, descend, fall, go down move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way vfall from clouds "Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum" Synonyms: come down, fall fall descend in free fall under the influence of gravity vseparate as a fine suspension of solid particles Type of: change state, turn undergo a transformation or a change of position or action na precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering The city's Shooting Review Board found that Donald's actions were "within policy" and didn't "precipitate the use of force."

alacrity

a cheerful readiness; brisk and eager action اشتیاق Someone with alacrity shows cheerful willingness and eager behavior, like a kid whose mother has told him he can buy anything in a candy store. While the noun alacrity normally refers to someone's peppy behavior, it can also describe a certain mood or tempo of a musical composition, indicating how the music should be played. Alacrity comes from the Latin alacritas, and the Italian musical term allegro is a near relation. nliveliness and eagerness "he accepted with alacrity" Synonyms: briskness, smartness Type of: life, liveliness, spirit, sprightliness animation and energy in action or expression Women mark women, men mark men; there weren't enough men this Monday night, and from the alacrity with which three women offered to be men, I surmised that this was quite common.

luncheon

a formal lunch

outcast

a person who has been rejected by a group مطرود منفور An outcast is someone who isn't wanted. To remember what outcast means, flip it around: outcasts have been cast out from somewhere. No one wants to be an outcast: such people are rejected by their peers. We all feel like outcasts sometimes. For example, if no one wants to sit with you at lunch, you will probably feel like an outcast. There are much more serious cases too: if a person is thrown out of a community or country, they are considered an outcast (or an exile). a person who is rejected (from society or home) Synonyms: Ishmael, castaway, pariah Types: heretic, misbeliever, religious outcast a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church leper a pariah who is avoided by others Harijan, untouchable belongs to lowest social and ritual class in India Type of: unfortunate, unfortunate person a person who suffers misfortune adjexcluded from a society Synonyms: friendless unwanted not wanted; not needed

palpable

able to be touched or felt When something is palpable, you can touch or handle it, even though the word is often used to describe things that usually can't be handled or touched, such as emotions or sensations. You probably won't see palpable used to describe, say, an egg or a doorknob or a motorcycle. Palpable is usually reserved for situations in which something invisible becomes so intense that it feels as though it has substance or weight. When the towers came down, the sense of sadness was so great, it was palpable. adjcapable of being perceived; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt "a barely palpable dust" "felt sudden anger in a palpable wave" "the air was warm and close-- palpable as cotton" "a palpable lie" Synonyms: tangible perceptible easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind perceptible capable of being perceived by the mind or senses Antonyms: impalpable imperceptible to the senses or the mind show more antonyms... adjcan be felt by palpation "a palpable tumor" Synonyms: perceptible capable of being perceived by the mind or senses As thousands of Iranian women young and old made their way inside Tehran's Azadi Stadium on Thursday to watch the World Cup qualifying match between the Iranian and Cambodian men's teams, the excitement was palpable.

pariah

an outcast ادم طرد شده A pariah is someone that has been soundly rejected by their community. Your constant gossiping might make you a pariah on campus. Pariah takes its name from a tribe in Southeast India. The pariahs were drummers, sorcerers, and servants who became untouchables in Indian society because of the unsanitary jobs they did. Pariah maintains this sense of untouchableness. Pariahs are not just unliked, they are avoided at all costs. Imagine how a once popular restaurant could gain pariah status if it fails health inspections three times in a row. In 2016, he called the then-candidate a "national disgrace" and an "international pariah" in a hacked email to a former aide that leaked online.

deceit

dishonesty, deception حقه تقلب فریب Deceit is purposeful falsehood. If you want to keep your true love true to you, avoid any acts of deceit. Deceit comes from the Latin for "cheat." When you deceive someone, you give them a false impression, mislead them so as to get away with something bad. If a person speaks in a way that gives a false impression, we call the way he speaks "deceptive." If someone pretends to be someone else, that's an act of deceit, like when a thief pretends to be a valet parking attendant and takes off with your car. the quality of being fraudulent Synonyms: fraudulence Type of: dishonesty the quality of being dishonest na misleading falsehood Synonyms: deception, misrepresentation Types: show 18 types... Type of: falsehood, falsity, untruth a false statement nthe act of deceiving Synonyms: deception, dissembling, dissimulation Types: show 18 types... Type of: falsification, misrepresentation a willful perversion of facts

deigning

do something that one considers to be beneath one's dignity بزرگواری کردن لطف کردن Deign means to reluctantly agree to do something you consider beneath you. When threatened with the loss of her fortune, an heiress might deign to get a job, but she might look down her nose at the people she'd have to work with. Deign has the same origins as dignity. Both descend from the Latin word, dignare, meaning "to deem worthy." If you deign to do something, you don't feel it's worthy of your lofty stature, but you do it anyway — it's like you're doing someone a really big favor. Instead of admitting his wrongdoing, the politician who is accused of taking bribes might indignantly declare, "I won't deign to dignify your ridiculous accusations with a response!" condescend, descend Type of: act, move perform an action, or work out or perform (an action) "Once you deign to ask those big questions and you don't get answers," he said, "for many, it's over at that point."

perfunctory

done without care; in a routine fashion سرسری Perfunctory means done as part of a routine or duty. If you give someone a gift and they look at it like it's roadkill and say nothing but a perfunctory "thank you," you might not be giving them another one anytime soon. A person who does something in a perfunctory way shows little enthusiasm or interest in what they are doing. Many of our everyday greetings are perfunctory. For example, when we say "Hello" and "How are you?", we usually do so out of habit. Perfunctory is from Latin perfunctus, from perfungi, "to get through with, perform," formed from the Latin prefix per-, "completely," plus fungi, "to perform." hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough "perfunctory courtesy" Synonyms: casual, cursory, passing careless marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful adjas a formality only Synonyms: pro forma formal being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress) She made a perfunctory gesture toward the silent bald man next to her.

Byzantine

extremely intricate or complicated in structure. highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious "the Byzantine tax structure" "Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship" Synonyms: convoluted, involved, knotty, tangled, tortuous complex complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts He was one of the first to use perspective and paint in a more natural style that broke with mediaeval and Byzantine traditions.

savage

fierce, violent, and uncontrolled وحشی رامنشده A polar bear in a zoo might look like an adorable giant stuffed animal, but if you met a hungry one in its native environment, it would seem more savage — wild and fierce — than cute. Describing an animal as savage means that it is true to its wild, ferocious nature, but if you describe a person or the actions of a person as savage, it means "cruel" or "brutal." A place can also be described as savage if it's untamed, uninhabitable, and unwelcoming. When savage takes the form of a noun, it means "a brutal person," and when it's a verb it means "to attack ferociously." Any way you use it, savage is uncivilized and violent. adjwithout civilizing influences "a savage people" Synonyms: barbarian, barbaric, uncivilised, uncivilized, wild noncivilised, noncivilized not having a high state of culture and social development adjwild and menacing Synonyms: feral, ferine untamed, wild in a natural state; not tamed or domesticated or cultivated adj(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering "a savage slap" Synonyms: barbarous, brutal, cruel, fell, roughshod, vicious inhumane reflecting lack of pity or compassion adjmarked by extreme and violent energy Synonyms: ferocious, fierce, furious violent acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity na member of an uncivilized people Synonyms: barbarian Examples: Odovacar Germanic barbarian leader who ended the Western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493) Types: show 4 types... Type of: primitive, primitive person a person who belongs to an early stage of civilization na cruelly rapacious person Synonyms: beast, brute, wildcat, wolf Type of: aggressor, assailant, assaulter, attacker someone who attacks vattack brutally and fiercely Type of: assail, assault, attack, set on attack someone physically or emotionally U.S. politics increasingly looks like a savage battle between left and right.

factious

inclined to form factions; causing dissension A factious group is one that breaks away, or wants to. It's often used in politics, where people separate into smaller like-minded groups. The Confederacy was factious — they wanted out of the Union, but we know how that turned out. Choose Your Words facetious / factious / fatuous The word facetious describes something you don't take seriously. Remove the middle "e," and factious describes a dissenting group. And finally there's fatuous, which is a fancy way to say dumb. Continue reading... The word factious looks a lot like its cousin faction, which is a small, sometimes rebellious group. Factious, then, is easy to remember, as the adjectival form of the noun faction. To be factious is to act like a faction. Among bakers, almost all agree that you have to be precise when measuring ingredients. The Brooklyn Faction, though, disagrees. This factious bunch never uses measuring cups or spoons and has called for them to be abolished. adjdissenting (especially dissenting with the majority opinion) Synonyms: dissentious, divisive discordant not in agreement or harmony Queen Elizabeth in January sent a delicately coded message to Britain's factious political class over Brexit, urging lawmakers to seek common ground and grasp the big picture to resolve the crisis.

nadir

lowest point If a highly forgetful person loses his phone, his wallet, and then his car keys in separate instances all in one day, you could say that he has reached an organizational nadir. This means "lowest point." This was originally strictly an astronomical term and is the opposite of the word zenith, which is the part of the sky located directly above a person's head or, "high point." In fact, nadir is derived from the Arabic nazir, which means "opposite to." It is still used in astronomy to indicate the part of the celestial sphere located directly below an observer, but also more generally to describe the worst point of someone's life or career. nan extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything Synonyms: low-water mark Type of: adversity, hard knocks, hardship a state of misfortune or affliction nthe point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected Antonyms: zenith the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected Type of: celestial point a point in the heavens (on the celestial sphere)

lascivious

lustful; lecherous شهوانی

malfeasance

misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official بدکاری شرارت Whenever you see the prefix "mal-," you know it's not good. Malfeasance is bad behavior, especially from officials or people who should know better. If nothing else, the mal- in malfeasance will alert you to the fact that something bad is going on. If you know French, fease-, faise- will ring a bell, as it often means "to do." You can probably then infer that malfeasance means "to do bad." Today, it's usually a bad deed done by an official or an organization. You wouldn't accuse a dog who peed on the carpet of malfeasance, but you would accuse a mayor who took a bribe of malfeasance. malfeasance 1 n wrongful conduct by a public official Type of: actus reus, misconduct, wrongdoing, wrongful conduct activity that transgresses moral or civil law In their cases, Boutcher is recommending that they be charged with malfeasance in public office, specifically perjury.

penurious

miserly, stingy Don't have two nickels to rub together? You're penurious — a lovely long way of saying you're flat broke. Penurious also means a general dislike of spending money. If someone accuses you of being cheap, tell them you prefer to be thought of as penurious. It sounds so much classier. It's related to a similar word, penury, which means "a state of extreme poverty." adjexcessively unwilling to spend "lived in a most penurious manner--denying himself every indulgence" Synonyms: parsimonious stingy, ungenerous unwilling to spend adjnot having enough money to pay for necessities Synonyms: hard up, impecunious, in straitened circumstances, penniless, pinched poor having little money or few possessions

depravity

moral corruption, a wicked or perverse act تباهی فساد هرزگی Depravity goes beyond mere bad behavior — it is a total lack of morals, values, and even regard for other living things, like the depravity of a serial killer. You can see the verb deprave in depravity. To deprave is to make something bad, often to the point of moral corruption, like the parental fear that a bad influence will deprave their good kids. So, depravity is behavior that is morally corrupt or otherwise deemed wicked. Don't confuse depravity with deprivation, meaning "being denied something that is necessary." Serial killer Samuel Little's depravity is matched only by his prodigious memory.

untoward

not favorable; unlucky The adjective untoward describes something offensive or inappropriate, like the rumors of untoward behavior that can shatter a Hollywood icon's reputation. Untoward also describes things that are not good for you, such as untoward advice from someone your parents always said was a bad influence. Think about what you do when you move toward something: you get closer to it. Suppose you're moving toward a goal. You are, as they say, "on the right path." But when you add the prefix un- you reverse that, and you're no longer on the path to that goal — you're untoward. adjnot in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society "moved to curb their untoward ribaldry" Synonyms: indecent, indecorous, unbecoming, uncomely, unseemly improper not suitable or right or appropriate adjcontrary to your interests or welfare "made a place for themselves under the most untoward conditions" Synonyms: adverse, inauspicious unfavorable, unfavourable not encouraging or approving or pleasing Everyone around him speaks in thick, Minnesotan accents, politeness hiding any untoward emotion

apostate

one who renounces a religious faith An apostate is someone who has deserted his cause. مرتد خائن The word apostate originally comes from a Greek word that meant "runaway slave." Now, apostate has a religious or political tone to it, so someone might call you "a political apostate" if you ran for office as a Republican during one election and then ran as a Democrat in the following election. not faithful to religion or party or cause Synonyms: unfaithful not true to duty or obligation or promises n a disloyal person who betrays or deserts his cause or religion or political party or friend etc. Synonyms: deserter, ratter, recreant, renegade, turncoat Type of: quitter a person who gives up too easily The Sunni jihadi group considers Shiites as apostates to the Salafi fundamentalist interpretation of Islam it follows.

jab

poke abruptly with something sharp; punch with short blows ضربت زدن سوراخ کردن When you jab someone, you poke that person. No one on the school bus wants to sit next to the kid who tends to jab people in their ribs with his sharp elbows. You might accidentally jab a man on the elevator with your umbrella, or jab your annoying brother on purpose when he's talking with his mouth full at dinner. Another kind of jab is a quick, sharp punch, especially the kind you make in martial arts. The word comes from the Scottish job, "to strike, pierce, or thrust," which in turn is rooted in the Middle English jobben, "to jab or thrust."

indigent

poor, needy An indigent person is extremely poor, lacking the basic resources of a normal life. Often the indigent lack not only money but homes. Indigent comes from a Latin word meaning wanting, which we used to use to mean "lacking" and not just to describe desires. Homeless shelters, soup kitchens, free medical clinics and court-appointed lawyers are all institutions that our society has developed to help indigent people adjpoor enough to need help from others Synonyms: destitute, impoverished, necessitous, needy, poverty-stricken poor having little money or few possessions Humana took over the University of Louisville's teaching hospital — and reportedly turned a profit for the first time in years, without turning away indigent patients

sycophancy

self-seeking or servile flattery چاپلوسی تملق sycophancy 1 nfawning obsequiousness Type of: obsequiousness, servility, subservience abject or cringing submissiveness Still, sycophancy is an effective path to favor with any President, especially this one.

animosity

strong dislike; bitter hostility دشمنی جسارت Animosity is hatred. If your (supposed) best buddy embarrasses you in front of a big crowd, your friendship could turn into animosity. Animosity comes from the Latin word animus, meaning "spirit" or "mind." That's also the root of the word animated — literally, "full of spirit." So how did animosity get so negative? Over the centuries, the original meaning of "high spirits" soured into "hatred." Today we most often speak of animosity toward, between, among, or against people. Keeping your animosity in check might make steam come out your ears. na feeling of ill will arousing active hostility Synonyms: animus, bad blood Type of: enmity, hostility, ill will the feeling of a hostile person A reunion in 2005 ended in animosity, with Baker and Bruce shouting at each other on stage in New York.

cow

terrorize; intimidate

Zeitgeist

the general spirit of the time Zeitgeist Zeitgeist is the spirit or essence of a particular time. In the 1920s, flappers and speakeasies contributed to that era's Zeitgeist. Zeitgeist is a word that comes straight from German — zeit means "time" and geist means spirit, and the "spirit of the time" is what's going on culturally, religiously, or intellectually during a certain period. Think about how something like Woodstock symbolized the 1960s: Woodstock was part of the Zeitgeist of the 1960s. Whatever seems particular to or symbolic of a certain time is likely part of its Zeitgeist. nthe spirit of the time; the spirit characteristic of an age or generation Type of: feel, feeling, flavor, flavour, look, smell, spirit, tone the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people It's about the Zeitgeist, the mood and the atmosphere.

attenuate

to reduce in force or degree; to weaken ضعیف کردن رقیق کردن Attenuated is an adjective that describes something that has faded or weakened. Attenuate is a verb that means something has been made thin or less, at which point it can be described as attenuated. A strong drink might be attenuated once water or ice has been poured into it. Similarly, the sound of your neighbor's party will become attenuated if you just shut your window and put in your ear plugs.

defray verb

to supply the money for; to pay If your mother says she will defray the cost of your next move, say thank you. She means she will take on some of the expenses for you. Your school band might hold a bake sale fundraiser to defray the cost of new band uniforms. When they do this, the amount raised will be taken off the total cost of the uniforms so that each individual band member has to pay less. If you live in New York and are invited for a job interview in California, the company may defray the expenses of your plane ticket and hotel, especially if they really want to hire you. vbear the expenses of Type of: pay give money, usually in exchange for goods or services In 2016, partnerships with tech giants, among other businesses, helped defray the costs.

beg

verb: to evade or dodge (a question) assume sth is true By assuming that Charlie was headed to college - which he was not - Maggie begged the question when she asked him to which school he was headed in the Fall. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one to study

fierce

very strong or violent درنده شدید قوی Fierce is ferocious and forceful, like a lion. When you are fierce, opponents fear you. Despite their loss, the talented JV team put up a fierce fight against the varsity squad. Fierce comes from the Latin ferus 'wild animal.' It means strong, proud, dangerous and ready to roar. Fierce can also be used to mean intense. The family was known for their fierce pride. If you have a fierce work ethic, you don't rest until you finish the job. And a fierce storm can really devastate a community. 1 adjmarked by extreme and violent energy "fierce fighting" Synonyms: ferocious, furious, savage violent acting with or marked by or resulting from great force or energy or emotional intensity adjmarked by extreme intensity of emotions or convictions; inclined to react violently; fervid "fierce loyalty" Synonyms: tearing, trigger-happy, vehement, violent intense possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree adjviolently agitated and turbulent ""the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra Pound" Synonyms: boisterous, rough stormy (especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion adjruthless in competition Synonyms: bowelless, cutthroat merciless, unmerciful having or showing no mercy

conciliate

آشتی دلجویی (v.) to overcome the distrust of, win over; to appease, pacify; to reconcile, make consistent to reconcile, to pacify, to renew a friendship The verb conciliate means to placate, appease, or pacify. If you are eating at a restaurant and the waiter accidentally spills a drink on you, the manager may try to conciliate you by picking up the tab for your meal. You may be more familiar with the term conciliation --it can mean the flowers you bring to conciliate your girlfriend after a fight, or a politician's conciliatory offer to fund a new playground to a community that's just lost its school. Conciliate comes from the Latin word conciliare, meaning "to unite." Conciliare in turn comes from the Latin word concilium, meaning "council." If you remember their common etymology, you can remember that, like council, conciliate is spelled with only one l. v cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of Synonyms: appease, assuage, gentle, gruntle, lenify, mollify, pacify, placate Type of: calm, calm down, lull, quiet, quieten, still, tranquilize, tranquillise, tranquillize make calm or still Synonyms: make up, patch up, reconcile, settle Types: appease, propitiate make peace with end hostilities Type of: agree, concord, concur, hold be in accord; be in agreement There are no complexities, no ambiguities, no conflicting views to consider or conciliate.

apogee

اوج نقطه کمال highest point; the point farthest from the earth; OP. perigee For an object in orbit around the earth, the apogee is the point that is highest or farthest from the earth. Early satellites had low apogees, so it wasn't long before they burnt up in the atmosphere. Apogee comes from two Greek words meaning "away" and "earth," so it's specific to things orbiting the earth. If you're talking about something orbiting the sun, the equivalent word is aphelion, "away" + "sun." Because apogee denotes the highest point something reaches in an orbit before falling back, it can also figuratively refer to other highs. For example, "Child stars sometimes reach their apogee by 20, and there's nowhere to go but down from there." Definitions of apogee 1 n apoapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is at the greatest distance from the Earth Antonyms: perigee periapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is nearest to the Earth n a final climactic stage Synonyms: culmination Type of: phase, stage any distinct time period in a sequence of events It is the kind of place a Hollywood location scout might select to signify the apogee of metropolitan sophistication.

laden

بارگیری شده heavily loaded or weighed down; burdened Something that is laden is weighted down by something heavy, like an apple tree that's laden with fruit. Laden comes from the Old English word hladan, meaning "to load, heap." Think of the related word ladle, a big scoop you dip into something, such as soup or hot fudge. Laden can be a verb that describes using a ladle or otherwise filling or loading something up, like a teacher who ladens students with homework. Laden can be an adjective that describes the feeling of burden or stress from all that work. Primary Meanings of laden 1. adjv filled with a great quantity 2. adjv burdened psychologically or mentally Full Definitions of laden 1 adj filled with a great quantity "table laden with food" Synonyms: ladened, loaded full containing as much or as many as is possible or normal v remove with or as if with a ladle Synonyms: lade, ladle Types: slop ladle clumsily Type of: remove, take, take away, withdraw remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract 2 adj burdened psychologically or mentally "laden with grief" Synonyms: oppressed burdened bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities v fill or place a load on Synonyms: lade, load, load up Type of: fill, fill up, make full make full, also in a metaphorical sense Yet for the American, who also won the championship in 2017, a second title in three years marks a pivotal moment in a career already laden with early success.

nauseated

بالااوردن متنفرساختن to make feel sick Choose Your Words nauseated / nauseous If you're nauseated you're about to throw up, if you're nauseous, you're a toxic funk and you're going to make someone else puke. These words are used interchangeably so often that it makes word nerds feel nauseated!

preternaturally

بطور غیرعادی beyond what is normal or natural When something happens preternaturally, it's extremely unusual — you could even say it's strange and mysterious. If your dog is preternaturally smart, you may feel like she understands every word you say. This adverb is commonly used to describe things that happen in a bizarre or extraordinary way, particularly if they're hard to explain. A magician may cause your friend to appear to hover preternaturally above the ground, for example. Sometimes its use signals that you can't quite believe your eyes: "Those redwood trees were preternaturally enormous!" The Latin root is praeter naturam, "beyond nature." preternaturally 1 advin a supernatural manner "she was preternaturally beautiful" Synonyms: supernaturally DiCaprio, a preternaturally self-possessed actor himself, captures the whole arc beautifully.

subservient

تابع متملق چاپلوس پست سودمند (adj.) subordinate in capacity or role; submissively obedient; serving to promote some end Subservient means "compliant," "obedient," "submissive," or having the qualities of a servant. Something that's subservient has been made useful, or put into the service of, something else. Our word subservient is unusual because it actually comes from the Latin word of exactly the same spelling and almost the identical meaning — "subjecting to" or "complying with." Usually words change a little in spelling or meaning when they are adopted from another language, but this one did not. Maybe the word subservient seemed so subservient that it could comply with the rules of any language! The U.K. is subservient to the United States, and so is Australia, which is really disappointing," Ms. Anderson said on "Good Morning Britain" while appearing remotely from Vancouver. 1 adjcompliant and obedient to authority ""editors and journalists who express opinions in print that are opposed to the interests of the rich are dismissed and replaced by subservient ones"-G. B. Shaw" Synonyms: subordinate subject or submissive to authority or the control of another adjabjectly submissive; characteristic of a slave or servant Synonyms: slavish, submissive servile submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior adjserving or acting as a means or aid Synonyms: implemental, instrumental helpful providing assistance or serving a useful function

scorn

تحقیر مردود دانستن Contempt or disdain (worthlessness) felt toward a person or object considered despicable or unworthy Scorn is open disrespect for someone or something. It can also be disrespect coupled with feelings of intense dislike. The noun scorn describes your feelings of disdain when you encounter something you view as worthless or inferior — like, for instance, a talk show that gets all its facts wrong. Use the verb form for those times when you're actively expressing scorn. You might scorn a politician who spends $100,000 on travel while claiming to work hard promoting middle-class values. lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike Synonyms: contempt, despite, disdain a feeling of aversion or antipathy reject with contempt Synonyms: disdain, freeze off, reject, spurn, turn down decline, pass up, refuse, reject, turn down refuse to accept Type of: decline, refuse show unwillingness towards Traveling overseas, I witnessed the damage being done to our standing in the world as a result of President Trump's fondness for authoritarians and his scorn for allies.

contentious

ستیزه جو دعوایی quarrelsome, inclined to argue A contentious issue is one that people are likely to argue about, and a contentious person is someone who likes to argue or fight. Some issues — like abortion, the death penalty, and gun control — are very controversial. They're also contentious, because people tend to argue about them, and the arguments will probably go on forever. Contentious issues get people angry and in a fighting mood. On the other hand, some people always seem to be in a fighting mood, no matter what the issue is. People like that are contentious too. 1 adj inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits Synonyms: combative, disputatious, disputative, litigious argumentative given to or characterized by argument ""a central and contentious element of the book"- Tim W.Ferfuson" Synonyms: controversial marked by or capable of arousing controversy He's in the middle of a contentious divorce.

kowtow

سجده ،زانو زدن، خود را کوچک کردن act in an excessively subservient manner Kowtow, which describes the act of kneeling and touching one's head to the ground to show respect, used to be a custom in Chinese culture. Now it refers to acting like you're doing that, whether you actually bow or not. Kowtow is derived from the Chinese word k'o-t'ou, which literally means "knock the head." As a verb, kowtow has the sense of "sucking up" or "flattering." Maybe you're wondering when it would be appropriate to kowtow. The answer? When you want to worship, show respect, gain favor, or flatter. You might need to kowtow to your teacher if you failed a test, but if you kowtow to all your neighbor's requests, you might wind up mowing his lawn all summer. Synonyms: genuflect, scrape Type of: bow "He is always kowtowing to his boss" Synonyms: bootlick, fawn, kotow, suck up, toady, truckle Types: court favor, court favour, curry favor, curry favour seek favor by fawning or flattery Type of: blandish, flatter praise somewhat dishonestly He wears T-shirts and sneakers to work, loathes many lawmakers and doesn't kowtow to authority.

vicissitude

فراز و نشیب زندگی تحول و دگرگونی a change or variation; ups and downs When you talk of the vicissitudes of life, you're referring to the difficult times that we all go through: sickness, job loss, and other unwelcome episodes. No one can escape the vicissitudes of life. While vicissitude comes from the Latin vicis, which means "change" and technically can mean a change of any kind, you'll find that vicissitude is almost always used to talk about an unfortunate event or circumstance. Losing a pet, crashing the car, being called in for jury duty: these are examples of vicissitudes — chapters in one's life that one would rather avoid but must get through. Some lives have more vicissitudes than others, to be sure, but no life is without events that test and challenge us. a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something "the project was subject to the usual vicissitudes of exploratory research" Type of: fluctuation, variation an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change For despite the many vicissitudes of fashion, these adornments still beguile us, bringing otherworldliness to the human form.

avid

مشتاق بسیار علاقه مند enthusiastic; extremely interested syn: voracious; eager ant: apathetic Avid usually means very eager or enthusiastic. If you're an avid reader, it means you read as much as you can, whenever you can. But this adjective can also mean wanting something so much that you can be thought of as greedy. For example, a person can be avid for success or power. Avid is from French avide, from Latin avidus, from avere "to desire, crave." Synonyms: zealous enthusiastic having or showing great excitement and interest adj(often followed by `for') ardently or excessively desirous "avid for adventure" "an avid ambition to succeed" "the esurient eyes of an avid curiosity" Synonyms: devouring, esurient, greedy desirous, wishful having or expressing desire for something He is an avid student of history in general and military history in particular.

haughty

مغرور arrogantly superior and disdainful Someone who is haughty is arrogant and full of pride. When you're haughty, you have a big attitude and act like you're better than other people. A haughty person acts superior and looks down on others. Haughty people are disdainful, overbearing, prideful, swaggering, and obnoxious. Acting amazed that others haven't heard of a hot new band is haughty. Speaking in a cocky or superior way is haughty. The word even sounds a little like its meaning: it's hard to say haughty without sounding like you have an attitude. If you're acting like others are beneath you, you're being haughty. 1 adjhaving or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy "haughty aristocrats" Synonyms: disdainful, imperious, lordly, overbearing, prideful, sniffy, supercilious, swaggering proud feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride It is her classic role, which she immortalised at the age of 35 and which won her the best actress Oscar: imperious, haughty, vulnerable, unworldly, romantic, intellectual and with a distinctive hold over men.

loathes

نفرت نفرت انگیز feel intense dislike or disgust for If you loathe someone or something, you hate them very much. You might not choose to eat raw carrots if you dislike them, but if you loathe them, you might have a hard time even having them on your plate. Choose Your Words loath / loathe Confusion between loath ("unwilling or reluctant") and loathe ("to hate") is a growing trend. This word suggests a strong feeling of disgust. Near synonyms are abhor and detest. The verb loathe descends from Middle English lothen, from Old English lāthian. The related adjective loathsome means "hateful or disgusting," and the adjective loath means "not willing to do something," as in "I'm loath to cheat on a test, but I don't see what choice I have." 1 vfind repugnant "I loathe that man" Synonyms: abhor, abominate, execrate Type of: detest, hate dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards Though unsure what he wanted to do, Armfield was clear on what he didn't: He loathed farming.

omniscient

واقف به همه چیز knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding To be omniscient is to know everything. This often refers to a special power of God. If you combine the Latin roots omnis (meaning "all") and scientia (meaning "knowledge"), you'll get omniscient, meaning "knowledge of all." It would be nice to be omniscient: then you would know absolutely everything in the world. Many religions have a god who is all-powerful and omniscient. This is how a god is supposed to know when you sinned, or what's going to happen in the future. 1 adjinfinitely wise Synonyms: all-knowing wise having or prompted by wisdom or discernment I admit that 18 years later I still weep recalling how omniscient he seemed on his last day.

fumed

گاز- خشمگین بودن was irritated and angry "To sit there and say he was a quiet professional, that's a crock," Nixon fumed afterward.