Mammalogy Final (quiz questions)
How many GENERA of bears are there (in the book's paradigm)?
5
How many families of lemurs are there (if we include aye-ayes as lemurs)?
5
If we assume there is a bear somewhere in the state as I type this, how many Carnivora families have wild individuals in the state?
6
How many Order of metatherians remain today?
7
What technique worked best for coyotes?
Direct discovery of sign (tracks or scat).
There are 15 families in the Carnovora. How many consist of only a single living species?
3
How many total respondents did the Chavez study were there?
327
how many families in order monotremata?
2
No new primate species have been discovered since 1950.
False
Which species lived closer to the ice sheet?
Mammoth
Across the 3 families of pinniped, how many total living species are there?
36
There is only 1 species of platypus. How many species of Echidna does your book propose?
4 species in 2 genera.
Where did the samples come?
teeth
How many families of lemurs are there (if we include aye-ayes as lemurs)?
1
How many species are in order Tubulidentata
1
Of the 3 orders named in Chapter 10, how many species could be found in the wild in Iowa (assuming it wandered up from the south)?
1
Ignoring whales, how many of families of Artiodactyla (Cetartiodactyla) are there (ie how many are in chapter 18)
10
A female monotreme will have
10X chromosomes
How many families of "cetacean" does your book suggest?
11
How many total animals did Bauman study?
12
How many families of bats?
19
In what year were wolves granted protection under the Endangered Species ACt?
1974
How many families are in Order Afrosoricida
2
How many families of sloth are there?
2
How many families of whale contain only a single living species?
2
For a species detected by both track plates and camera traps which of the following is true?
Across all species for which both camera and track-plate data exist, the LTD for cameras was lower than for track-plates.
What other type of animal shares the order Pilosa with sloths?
Anteaters.
Which family of Artiodactyla (Cetartiodactyla) has only a single species?
Antilocapridae.
Explain the difference between antlers and horns
Antlers are typically found on cervids while horns are typically found on bovids. Antlers are also made of bone, branched and shed every year while horns are permanent, non-branched, and are made of a keratin sheath.
The new World monkeys (Parvorder Platyrrhini) are divided into 4 families. Which is the smallest (and most recently declared) family in terms of species number?
Aotidae
Which order has a paraxonic foot?
Artiodactyla (Cetartiodactyla)
Of the 7 continents, bats are found on how many?
Being only absent in artic regions I would say they are found on 6 continents.
Which of the following species was not detected, even though they are known to be there?
Bobcats
Which family of Artiodactyla (Cetartiodactyla) has the most species?
Bovidae
The techniques studied in the Gomper paper included
Camera traps, track plates, snowtracking, scat DNA analysis
The Order Carnivora contains 2 suborders: Feliformia and Caniformia. Which suborder has more species in Iowa?
Caniformia
Describe 2-3 physical differences that allow us to separate the Feliformia and the Caniformia
Caniformia have a single-walled auditory bulla, while Feliformia has a double-walled. Feliformia have retractable claws, while Caniformia's claws are non-retractable. Caniformia also have more teeth than Feliformia.
In Baumans study what isotopes were they tracking?
Carbon, oxygen, strontium.
Which genus in Bovidae is the most species rich?
Cephalophus.
Which family is still well represented in the "wilds" of Iowa? (ie a native species that you are likely to see often)
Cervidae.
Which family contains the most species?
Dasypodidae.
What family of whale is the most species rich?
Delphinidae.
Describe in your own words what a "xenarthrous articulation" is.
Distinct morphological feature, seen in the living xenarthrans, of two linked (zygapophyses) vertebrae that brace the lower part of the vertebral column, specifically the lumbar and allow the species to roll up into balls (armadillos) or be more flexible.
T/F: All mammals have roughly the same lower critical limit?
False
T/F: All mammals have the same internal body temperature (98.6F +/- 1F)
False
T/F: All species of Metatherians (marsupials) have a marsupium (pouch)
False
T/F: Monotremes are "living fossils" and sow only ancient characteristics
False
True or False: all but 1 species of ceracea are listed in either Appendix I or II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
False
True or false: mountain treeshrew mothers are a very attentive parents, and spend long periods grooming their young to solidify social bonds.
False
T/F: Monotremes have Never lived outside of Australia and PNG
False.
True or False: the ancestors of modern whales had returned to the oceans before the KPG event boundary.
False.
Members of which 2 families discussed in Chapter 14 are found in Iowa?
Families Soricidae and Talpidae are found in Iowa.
What family contains the greatest number of GENERA?
Family Phyllostomidae
Only family of bat you would expect to find in Iowa
Family Vespertilionidae
What family is noted as the most widely distributed (and indeed is found on every continent that bats inhabit)
Family Vespertilionidae
Are there more species in the Canidae or the Felidae?
Felidae.
How were the questionnaires delivered for the wolf groups?
In person.
How did Chavez choose participants?
From the country plat book.
Primates consist of 2 suborders. In which suborder are humans?
Haplorrhini.
Which family is considered the link between the whales and all other artiodactyla (ie is most closely related to whales).
Hippopotamidae
The family Homidae consist of
Humans, gorillas, chimps, and orangutans.
Members of what family are known for their brachiation locomotion?
Hylobatidae.
Nearly all species of bats can use echolocation, the exception is most of the members of the family Pteropidae (which used to have its own suborder, but under some paradigms is now nested in a suborder with 5 other families). However, a few species of fruit bat do have echolocation. Explain how their echolocation differs from those of the "microchiroptera"
Instead of using sound produced by the larynx they use clicking noises of the tongue
Which statement is most correct concerning a given habitat and a population of salamanders and small mammals?
It can support more salamanders because of their lower metabolism.
Where they the animals live that Bauman studied?
Kentucky-Ohio.
What does LTD stand for?
Latency to initial detection
Which of these families could be found in AFrica?
Manidae.
What factor did the wolf-group believe posed the greatest threat to farming?
Market fluctuations.
Which family has the most living species?
Mustelidae.
Which group has species with prehensile tails?
Platyrrhini.
Based on their analysis, did the mammoths and mastodons migrate long distances in search of food?
No
Which group (wolf group or no-wolf group) was more likely to agree that wolves belonged in northwest Minnesota
No difference statistically
What species were studied in the Schulte-Hostedde study?
Peromyscus maniculatus. Clethrionomys gapperi. Neotoma cinerea.
Which order is believed to have evolved first?
Perrissodactyla
Primates consists of 2 suborders. In which suborder are lemurs?
Strepsirhini.
Which isotope varied by location (as a function of geology)
Strontium.
Which season had more O18?
Summer
How does the burrowing behavior of aardvarks benefit other local animal species?
The abandoned burrows of aardvarks are used by many animals for habitats, places to hide and nesting grounds.
Some tenrecs are known to be heterothermic. What does this mean, and what specific benefit does it provide?
The ability to exhibit changing body temperature or periods of torpor caused by the surrounding environment. This helps with the conservation of energy during seasons of food shortage.
Are the tentacles of the star-nosed mole closer in function to the human nose or the human hand? Explain.
The human hand. Star-nosed moles have about 25,000 Eimer's organs on their snout which they use as touch receptors to help them navigate through their tunnel systems. This is about 6 times as much touch receptors than the human hand has.
In terms of muscles, explain in brief the difference between bat and bird flight.
The pectoral girdle of birds is braced by the clavicle and coracoids being anchored to the sternum and scapula. The scapula is also non-movable and lies against the rib cage. The pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles are used for most of the flight process of birds. In bats, the scapula is braced by the clavicle on the axial skeleton, which both can move more freely. The pectoralis and two other muscles control downstroke, while 4 muscles control the upstroke of flight in bats. Birds flight is usually fast which explains the tight and short muscle and bone work, while the bats' flight is slow but highly flexible in movement which a more complex muscle and bone structure is needed for.
Including fossil and living genera, Metatherians.
There are similar numbers of known genera in both continents.
Thermal neutral zone
The sweet spot of ambient temperature. Above or below this the animal needs to take action to regulate internal body temperature.
What is unique about how gray whales feed?
They are bottom feeders, and filter crustaceans and worms out the floor sediements
Why did track plates not work for bears?
They did not fit in the track plate aparatus.
"Two species (fisher, raccoon) had sufficient sample sizes to allow POD to be calculated for both cameras and track- plates. In these cases..."
Track plates had a higher success rate.
In Schulte-Hostedde study males had higher muscle mass than females and females had higher fat amounts than males?
True and Fales.
T/F: the two lineages of whale (toothed and baleen) form a monophyletic group?
True.
True or false: dolphins and porpoises are actually in different families?
True.
True or false: not only are river dolphins not in the same family as "ocean" dolphins, there is more than one family of river dolphin?
True.
The authors attributed some of the anti-wolf feelings to the farmer's general cultural norms/value framework. In general the indicated farmers hold:
Utilitarian view of nature.
How many species of Dermoptera are there?
We actually are not sure, as it appears one of the species may actually be several, but no one has verified this yet.
Given Bergman's rule about body size and ability to withstand cold
We would expect large animals to overheat faster than smaller.
What family contains species that (while still swimming in the oceans) have never been seen alive by scientists?
Ziphiidae.
Latency in scent stations is partially explained by
avoidance of scent due to novelty or conspecifics.
From where did the oxygen in the animals come from in the Bauman study?
drinking water
Generally speaking, metatherians have:
fewer chromosomes than eutherians.
In general the Minnesotans held a
similar view of wolves as other rural populations in the country.
Farmers in wolf range believed wolves were the greatest wildlife threat to farming. What animal did farmers outside of wolf-range fear were the greatest threat to farming
wolves.
Did the carbon isotopes vary between mammoths and mastodons?
yes
