MAN 3025 Exam 2

Organizational Life Cycle

1. Birth 2. Youth (growth, expansion) 3. Midlife (growth declines) 4. Maturity

Innovation Process

1. Development 2. Application 3. Launch 4. Growth 5. Maturity 6. Decline

Lewin Model of Organizational Change

1. Unfreezing 2. Implementation 3. Refreezing

Intrapreneur

A person who develops new businesses within the context of a large organization is a(n) _____.

Who makes up a bargaining unit?

All employees eligible to vote in the election

M-Form Organization

Also known as divisional design, results from related diversification. A company that uses this form uses product departmentalization to run multiple related businesses under one ownership

U-form organization

Also known as functional design, involves grouping people into functional departments. This organization design would have one marketing department, one human resources department, one finance department, etc.

H-Form Organization

Also known as the conglomerate design. Results from unrelated diversification. A company that uses this form is a holding company. It essentially uses product departmentalization to run separate, unrelated businesses under one ownership

maintains the status quo

An organization is behaving most typically when it does not change in sync with its environment, and it _____.

High fluidity

Characteristic of organic organizations

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Companywide processes—such as materials management, production planning, order management, and financial reporting—can all be linked through _____

Which of the following is typical behavior for an organization when it resists the need for business process change?

Consuming its own resources

During which stage of the product and process innovation process do physical attributes and capability most affect organizational performance?

Development

In what way do professional union organizers try to convince workers of the benefits of a union?

Distributing literature

The firefighters in several cities in the area have been working long hours, and they feel they are underpaid. They have been picketing for increased wages, additional staff, and fewer hours. However, they are considered essential to the security of the country. What can be done to force them back to work?

Enforce the National Emergency Strike provision.

Which of the following refers to a large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise?

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

collect employees' signatures on authorization cards

For employees to form a new local union, several things must occur. First, employees must become interested in having a union. The second step is to _____.

Which part of the organization is least likely to be affected by change within the organization?

Globalization

by officially signing up members and electing officers

How does a new union organize itself?

Which type of decision addresses what to pay each specific employee in a particular job?

Individual wage decision

Which of the following is a critical assumption of organizational development?

It will influence individual and group behavior.

Sabine has developed an improved system for delivering parts to production employees when and where they need them. Which type of innovation did Sabine make?

Process

Small batch technology

Produces products individually in order to customize them for each customer. Least complex (Unit Technology)

Which of the following describes furloughing?

Reducing pay and hours but keeping benefits

Span of Management

Refers to how many people each manager supervises

Which of the following lists each important managerial position, who occupies it, and how long he or she will probably stay in it before moving on?

Replacement chart

Apoorva is designing a training program for her account managers. She wants them to learn new skills in interpersonal contact and group decision making. Which type of training should Apoorva consider?

Role-playing

What can an organization do to best utilize and integrate contingent workers?

Set a strategy and follow it consistently.

Darien has just finished a job analysis of the key positions in his department. When he presented it to HR, they asked Darien to also identify job specifications. What should Darien include in the job specification section?

Skills

Mechanistic Organizations

Suited for stable environments, involve centralized authority, formal rules, and specialized task

Who is responsible for the enforcement of Title VII?

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

refreezing

The final step in the Lewin model of change is _____.

Using the comprehensive model for change, what should managers consider after they have set goals for change?

Understanding what brought on the need for change

Matrix Design

Uses two bases of departmentalization to create a grid that groups people based on their functional department but also assigns them to special projects. A company that uses this organization design has multiple command structure, since employees report to two bosses.

Product and process

What are considered to be the two most important types of technical innovations?

organization development

What can an organization use to plan change and intervention in the organization's process, and manage it from the top, using behavioral science knowledge?

Reengineering

What is a managerial innovation?

To agree on a labor contract

What is the purpose of the collective bargaining process?

Application

What is the second stage in the organizational innovation process, where the organization uses developed ideas in the design or manufacturing of new products, services, or processes?

Implementation

What is the second step in the Lewin model of organizational change?

Human resource management

What is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce?

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Which act requires employment decisions be made on the basis of a person's qualifications rather than on personal bias?

Halo Error

Which of the following allows the assessment of an employee on one dimension to spread to ratings of that employee on other dimensions?

Recreational opportunities

Which of the following is an example of an employee service benefit?

They attract high starting salaries and sign-on bonuses.

Which of the following is true of knowledge workers?

Work Process

Which of the following would be an organizational change that would fall into the category of technology and operations?

Radical

Which type of innovation includes new products and technologies that completely replace existing products and technologies in an industry?

Team

Which type of organization might there be a lot of employees but little or no underlying functional hierarchy?

process

Which types of innovations are changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed?

Organization change

a substantial modification to any aspect of a company

learning organization

actively develop employees and modify their processes to reflect new knowledge. Promote lifelong employee learning and continuous improvement

Halo Error

allowing the assessment of an employee on one dimension to spread to ratings of that employee on other dimensions.

Raphael and some coworkers feel their manager should provide more in overtime opportunities, and they are concerned about costs of health insurance. They are talking about the need for a union. To proceed in this direction, the next step for Raphael and his fellow employees would involve _____.

authorization cards

Reactive Change

created in response to something happening. More likely to be poorly designed or poorly implemented because it tends to be done in a hurry.

Product Innovations

creating new products, as well as making changes to an existing product's appearance or performance

National Labor Relations Act

defines the steps employees must follow to establish a labor union and requires companies to engage in collective bargaining with the employee union

Planned Change

designed in anticipation of something happening. Orderly fashion

Chain of command

establishes lines of authority

Organization development

focuses on planned change in the people area of the company

Product Departmentalization

grouping activities around products or product groups

Customer Departmentalization

grouping jobs into different customer groups

Conglomerate Organizational Design

has each business operated by a general manager in charge of its profits or losses

Virtual Organizations

have very few permanent employees and almost no formal. They use temporary workers, subcontracting, outsourcing, etc.

Job Characteristics Approach

improves upon the job enrichment approach by first considering the work system and by taking employee preferences into account

Process Innovation

include changes in manufacturing

job description

includes duties, working conditions, tools, and equipment used

job specification

includes the credentials, abilities, and skills necessary

Membership in labor unions _____.

increased during a recession in 2008

job enrichment

increasing the number of tasks in a job as well as the worker's control over the job

Job enlargement

increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase the variety

Labor-Managment Relations Act

limits the power of unions and defines what rights company management has when their employees are trying to establish a union

Scalar principle

line of authority extending from the highest position to the lowest position should be unbroken

Coordination

linking the activities of each of the company's separate departments

Larger Batch Technology

manufactures products in an assembly line. More bureaucratic. (Mass production technology)

Max Weber described bureaucracy as

organization based on formal authority system

Unity of command

principle that an employee should report to no more than one manager

Technical Innovations

refer to changes in a product's physical characteristics or changes in how it is produces

Incremental Innovations

refer to new products that modify existing products in the inudstry

Radical Innovations

refer to new products that replace existing products in the industry

Managerial Innovations

refers to changes in the management process

Internal Recruiting

refers to filling open positions by promoting current employees

External Recruiting

refers to using job postings, employment agencies, executive search firms, employee referrals, walk-ins, etc. to attract applicants from the labor market

situational view of organization design

structures a company by fitting it to its circumstances

Organic Organizations

suited for unstable environments, involve decentralized authority, shared tasks, and more flexibility and creativity

The Lewin model of organizational change process includes refreezing, which involves _____.

supporting the change

Job rotation

systematically rotating employees among various job stations

Chartab Industries recently adopted a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to help with financial reporting. The company's adoption of the new ERP system reflects a change in the area of

technology and operations

Sushil has purchased and installed new equipment for two of the production lines in her department. This is an example of a change in the area of _____.

technology and operations

Recency Error

tendency to use judgments on the subordinate's most recent performance because it is most easily recalled

Functional Departmentalization

the grouping of jobs that perform similar functional activities, such as finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources

Differentiation is the degree to which

the organization is broken down into subunits

Matrix Design is most effective when

there is pressure from the environment

Technology

transformation processes used to convert inputs into outputs

Employees who think they may not be able to fully understand or follow new procedures may resist change because of ___

uncertainty

Team Organizations

uses project teams without any real underlying functional hierarchy

continuous process technology

uses series of machine process transformations that changes the composition of raw materials while turning them into the finished product. (most complex)

Sequential interdependence

when one unit's output is the input for the next unit in the series. (moderate level of interdependence)

pooled interdependence

when subunits operate independently and then pool their output. (lowest level of interdpendence)

Reciprocal Interdependence

when units rely on each other and interact to complete a set of activities