MAN 3025 Exam 2
Organizational Life Cycle
1. Birth 2. Youth (growth, expansion) 3. Midlife (growth declines) 4. Maturity
Innovation Process
1. Development 2. Application 3. Launch 4. Growth 5. Maturity 6. Decline
Lewin Model of Organizational Change
1. Unfreezing 2. Implementation 3. Refreezing
Intrapreneur
A person who develops new businesses within the context of a large organization is a(n) _____.
Who makes up a bargaining unit?
All employees eligible to vote in the election
M-Form Organization
Also known as divisional design, results from related diversification. A company that uses this form uses product departmentalization to run multiple related businesses under one ownership
U-form organization
Also known as functional design, involves grouping people into functional departments. This organization design would have one marketing department, one human resources department, one finance department, etc.
H-Form Organization
Also known as the conglomerate design. Results from unrelated diversification. A company that uses this form is a holding company. It essentially uses product departmentalization to run separate, unrelated businesses under one ownership
maintains the status quo
An organization is behaving most typically when it does not change in sync with its environment, and it _____.
High fluidity
Characteristic of organic organizations
enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Companywide processes—such as materials management, production planning, order management, and financial reporting—can all be linked through _____
Which of the following is typical behavior for an organization when it resists the need for business process change?
Consuming its own resources
During which stage of the product and process innovation process do physical attributes and capability most affect organizational performance?
Development
In what way do professional union organizers try to convince workers of the benefits of a union?
Distributing literature
The firefighters in several cities in the area have been working long hours, and they feel they are underpaid. They have been picketing for increased wages, additional staff, and fewer hours. However, they are considered essential to the security of the country. What can be done to force them back to work?
Enforce the National Emergency Strike provision.
Which of the following refers to a large-scale information system for integrating and synchronizing the many activities in the extended enterprise?
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
collect employees' signatures on authorization cards
For employees to form a new local union, several things must occur. First, employees must become interested in having a union. The second step is to _____.
Which part of the organization is least likely to be affected by change within the organization?
Globalization
by officially signing up members and electing officers
How does a new union organize itself?
Which type of decision addresses what to pay each specific employee in a particular job?
Individual wage decision
Which of the following is a critical assumption of organizational development?
It will influence individual and group behavior.
Sabine has developed an improved system for delivering parts to production employees when and where they need them. Which type of innovation did Sabine make?
Process
Small batch technology
Produces products individually in order to customize them for each customer. Least complex (Unit Technology)
Which of the following describes furloughing?
Reducing pay and hours but keeping benefits
Span of Management
Refers to how many people each manager supervises
Which of the following lists each important managerial position, who occupies it, and how long he or she will probably stay in it before moving on?
Replacement chart
Apoorva is designing a training program for her account managers. She wants them to learn new skills in interpersonal contact and group decision making. Which type of training should Apoorva consider?
Role-playing
What can an organization do to best utilize and integrate contingent workers?
Set a strategy and follow it consistently.
Darien has just finished a job analysis of the key positions in his department. When he presented it to HR, they asked Darien to also identify job specifications. What should Darien include in the job specification section?
Skills
Mechanistic Organizations
Suited for stable environments, involve centralized authority, formal rules, and specialized task
Who is responsible for the enforcement of Title VII?
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
refreezing
The final step in the Lewin model of change is _____.
Using the comprehensive model for change, what should managers consider after they have set goals for change?
Understanding what brought on the need for change
Matrix Design
Uses two bases of departmentalization to create a grid that groups people based on their functional department but also assigns them to special projects. A company that uses this organization design has multiple command structure, since employees report to two bosses.
Product and process
What are considered to be the two most important types of technical innovations?
organization development
What can an organization use to plan change and intervention in the organization's process, and manage it from the top, using behavioral science knowledge?
Reengineering
What is a managerial innovation?
To agree on a labor contract
What is the purpose of the collective bargaining process?
Application
What is the second stage in the organizational innovation process, where the organization uses developed ideas in the design or manufacturing of new products, services, or processes?
Implementation
What is the second step in the Lewin model of organizational change?
Human resource management
What is the set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which act requires employment decisions be made on the basis of a person's qualifications rather than on personal bias?
Halo Error
Which of the following allows the assessment of an employee on one dimension to spread to ratings of that employee on other dimensions?
Recreational opportunities
Which of the following is an example of an employee service benefit?
They attract high starting salaries and sign-on bonuses.
Which of the following is true of knowledge workers?
Work Process
Which of the following would be an organizational change that would fall into the category of technology and operations?
Radical
Which type of innovation includes new products and technologies that completely replace existing products and technologies in an industry?
Team
Which type of organization might there be a lot of employees but little or no underlying functional hierarchy?
process
Which types of innovations are changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed?
Organization change
a substantial modification to any aspect of a company
learning organization
actively develop employees and modify their processes to reflect new knowledge. Promote lifelong employee learning and continuous improvement
Halo Error
allowing the assessment of an employee on one dimension to spread to ratings of that employee on other dimensions.
Raphael and some coworkers feel their manager should provide more in overtime opportunities, and they are concerned about costs of health insurance. They are talking about the need for a union. To proceed in this direction, the next step for Raphael and his fellow employees would involve _____.
authorization cards
Reactive Change
created in response to something happening. More likely to be poorly designed or poorly implemented because it tends to be done in a hurry.
Product Innovations
creating new products, as well as making changes to an existing product's appearance or performance
National Labor Relations Act
defines the steps employees must follow to establish a labor union and requires companies to engage in collective bargaining with the employee union
Planned Change
designed in anticipation of something happening. Orderly fashion
Chain of command
establishes lines of authority
Organization development
focuses on planned change in the people area of the company
Product Departmentalization
grouping activities around products or product groups
Customer Departmentalization
grouping jobs into different customer groups
Conglomerate Organizational Design
has each business operated by a general manager in charge of its profits or losses
Virtual Organizations
have very few permanent employees and almost no formal. They use temporary workers, subcontracting, outsourcing, etc.
Job Characteristics Approach
improves upon the job enrichment approach by first considering the work system and by taking employee preferences into account
Process Innovation
include changes in manufacturing
job description
includes duties, working conditions, tools, and equipment used
job specification
includes the credentials, abilities, and skills necessary
Membership in labor unions _____.
increased during a recession in 2008
job enrichment
increasing the number of tasks in a job as well as the worker's control over the job
Job enlargement
increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase the variety
Labor-Managment Relations Act
limits the power of unions and defines what rights company management has when their employees are trying to establish a union
Scalar principle
line of authority extending from the highest position to the lowest position should be unbroken
Coordination
linking the activities of each of the company's separate departments
Larger Batch Technology
manufactures products in an assembly line. More bureaucratic. (Mass production technology)
Max Weber described bureaucracy as
organization based on formal authority system
Unity of command
principle that an employee should report to no more than one manager
Technical Innovations
refer to changes in a product's physical characteristics or changes in how it is produces
Incremental Innovations
refer to new products that modify existing products in the inudstry
Radical Innovations
refer to new products that replace existing products in the industry
Managerial Innovations
refers to changes in the management process
Internal Recruiting
refers to filling open positions by promoting current employees
External Recruiting
refers to using job postings, employment agencies, executive search firms, employee referrals, walk-ins, etc. to attract applicants from the labor market
situational view of organization design
structures a company by fitting it to its circumstances
Organic Organizations
suited for unstable environments, involve decentralized authority, shared tasks, and more flexibility and creativity
The Lewin model of organizational change process includes refreezing, which involves _____.
supporting the change
Job rotation
systematically rotating employees among various job stations
Chartab Industries recently adopted a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to help with financial reporting. The company's adoption of the new ERP system reflects a change in the area of
technology and operations
Sushil has purchased and installed new equipment for two of the production lines in her department. This is an example of a change in the area of _____.
technology and operations
Recency Error
tendency to use judgments on the subordinate's most recent performance because it is most easily recalled
Functional Departmentalization
the grouping of jobs that perform similar functional activities, such as finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources
Differentiation is the degree to which
the organization is broken down into subunits
Matrix Design is most effective when
there is pressure from the environment
Technology
transformation processes used to convert inputs into outputs
Employees who think they may not be able to fully understand or follow new procedures may resist change because of ___
uncertainty
Team Organizations
uses project teams without any real underlying functional hierarchy
continuous process technology
uses series of machine process transformations that changes the composition of raw materials while turning them into the finished product. (most complex)
Sequential interdependence
when one unit's output is the input for the next unit in the series. (moderate level of interdependence)
pooled interdependence
when subunits operate independently and then pool their output. (lowest level of interdpendence)
Reciprocal Interdependence
when units rely on each other and interact to complete a set of activities