MANA 3311 Module 12

Select all that apply Which of these are core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)? (Select all that apply.)

Task identity Task significance Feedback Autonomy Skill variety

Select all that apply Select all of the justice rules managers should pay attention to in order to promote organizational justice. (Select all that apply.)

Voice Appeals Transparency Respect Consistency Norms Ethicality

Match the managerial technique for improving fairness in the workplace with the correct explanation.

Voice matches Choice Providing employees the chance to express their views and influence outcomes Appeals matches Choice Developing and maintaining procedures for employees to appeal decisions Consistency matches Choice Ensuring decisions are neutral, unbiased, and applied the same way across people and occasions Ethicality matches Choice Adhering to moral standards in the process of allocation decisions Respect matches Choice Communicating in a way that is considerate, and refraining from offensive comments Transparency matches Choice Providing sufficient explanation and being truthful and candid

The degree to which you believe you can realistically achieve a goal is known as goal ______, while the gap between a goal and your standing as it relates to that goal is known as goal ______.

attainability; difficulty

According to the job characteristics model (JCM), the extent to which individuals are free to make decisions about the way they perform their work represents the core job characteristic of ______.

autonomy

People who feel a strong sense of obligation toward achieving a goal are more likely to be motivated by that goal. This statement describes how goal setting effectiveness is influenced by goal ______.

commitment

Job ______ aims to structure work tasks so that they are motivational.

design

If you increase the scope of a worker's job by adding more duties, you are attempting to motivate the employee through job _____.

enlargement

The types of equity sensitivity are ______.

entitled, benevolent, equity sensitive

If individuals are equity sensitive, it means that they prefer a ratio that ______.

equals the ratios of others

The belief that people make social comparisons between their own and others' inputs into and outcomes from an activity is a central component of ______.

equity theory

According to equity theory, if you believe that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is equal to that of another person, you will perceive that the situation is ______.

fair

Complete the following sentence with the statement that best explains the self-determination theory of motivation. People find activities to be satisfying and motivating when those activities ______.

fulfill individuals' innate desire for competence, relatedness, and autonomy

In equity theory, individuals' perceptions regarding what they have put into an activity are known as ______.

inputs

In equity theory, the degree to which one's relative outcomes compare unfavorably to someone else's is known as ______.

negative inequity

Match the following examples with the type of reinforcement they best represent.

Fashion influencers who get a lot of likes on social media earn coveted sponsorships from top clothing brands. matches Choice Positive reinforcement Salespeople who are in the top 10% for monthly earnings do not have to attend the monthly sales meeting on Saturdays. matches Choice Negative reinforcement Workers who arrived at work on time (by 8:00 am) used to be greeted with coffee and donuts. Lately they are arriving to no coffee and donuts and have started showing up at 8:10 or 8:15 am instead. matches Choice Extinction When students violate course policy by texting during class, the professor confiscates their cell phones until class is over. matches Choice Punishment

What is the relationship between feedback and motivation?

Feedback alerts us to gaps between our goals and our standing relative to achieving those goals. This information motivates us to correct deficiencies and/or increase our effort toward goal achievement.

Which of the following statements best describes how feedback relates to motivation?

Feedback makes it possible for individuals to know when they are off track toward achieving a goal so that they can take corrective action or increase effort.

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high knowledge of the work results?

Felicity never has to wonder whether she is doing a good job - her level of work performance is always very clear to her.

Which of the following scenarios best represents a high level of person-job fit?

Jackson, who has a high need for affiliation, is deeply engaged and motivated at work because his job involves plenty of opportunities for teamwork and collaboration with others.

Which of the following statements best summarizes Herzberg's two-factor theory?

Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction represent distinct motivational attitudes. People are driven to maintain their satisfaction and avoid dissatisfaction. Job conditions that affect employee satisfaction are called motivators, and job conditions that affect employee dissatisfaction are called hygiene factors.

Select all that apply Which of these would Herzberg's two-factor theory consider hygiene factors at work? (Select all that apply.)

Physical surroundings Quality of supervisors

Which of these represents the correct order of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy, starting with the most basic, low order needs and progressing to increasingly higher order needs?

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization

Rene enjoys his job most when he is able to focus his energies on influencing other people at work toward the goals he believes are most important. Rene likely has a high level of which of McClelland's needs?

Power

In equity theory, inputs represent individuals' perceptions regarding ______.

what they have put into an activity

Click and drag on elements in order Place the elements of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in the correct order. Begin your list with the most basic, low order needs, and progress through with increasingly higher order needs. Instructions Choice 1 of 5. Physiological needs toggle button Physiological needs Choice 2 of 5. Safety needs toggle button Safety needs Choice 3 of 5. Social needs toggle button Social needs Choice 4 of 5. Esteem needs toggle button Esteem needs Choice 5 of 5. Self-actualization needs toggle button Self-actualization needs

1. Physiological needs 2. Safety needs 3. Social needs 4. Esteem Needs 5. Self-acualization needs

Click and drag on elements in order Place the elements of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in the correct order. Begin your list with the most basic, low order needs, and progress through with increasingly higher order needs.

1. Physiological needs 2. Safety needs 3. Social needs 4. Esteem needs 5. Self-actualization needs

Select all that apply Select all of the statements that accurately reflect Alderfer's ERG theory. (Select all that apply.)

A person does not need to satisfy one level of needs before being motivated by another. Individuals may be motivated by multiple types of needs simultaneously. Individuals are motivated to achieve three types of needs - existence, relatedness, and growth.

Select all that apply Which of the following represent social needs? (Select all that apply.)

Acceptance Belongingness

Jayma typically performs very well at work when she faces goals that are challenging but within her ability to achieve. She also likes to be given responsibility and autonomy over her work. Jayma likely has a high level of which of McClelland's needs?

Achievement correct Reason: Correct. Working well under challenging but achievable goals and preferring responsibility and autonomy at work are all characteristic of a high need for achievement.

Which of the following statements regarding Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is most accurate?

Alderfer did not believe that needs conform to different hierarchical levels in the way that Maslow did.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between motivation and self-efficacy?

An individual must be motivated to practice a new behavior in order to learn it, and this requires that the individual has some amount of self-efficacy.

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high responsibility for the outcomes of the work?

Arthur feels accountable for the outcomes of his work, whether good or bad.

Select all that apply Select all of the types of equity sensitivity. (Select all that apply.)

Benevolent Equity sensitive Entitled

___is the force that reflects the degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy to a specific task or activity with intensity and persistence.

Blank 1: Motivation

The extent to which individuals are free to make decisions about the way they do their work is known as___ in the job characteristics model (JCM).

Blank 1: autonomy

The degree to which individuals are willing to invest all of their energies into their work roles is known as ___.

Blank 1: engagement

According to the job characteristics model (JCM), employees who feel personally accountable for the effectiveness of their work have a high level of___ for outcomes of their work.

Blank 1: responsibility

Which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high experienced meaningfulness in the work?

Brandi's job is well-aligned with her personal values.

Select all that apply If you want to try to restore equity, which of the following would be good strategies? (Select all that apply.)

Comparing yourself to someone else Attempting to influence your own inputs or outcomes Attempting to influence the other employee's inputs or outcomes

Select all that apply Self-determination theory proposes that people find activities to be satisfying and motivating when those activities fulfill individuals' innate desire for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Competence to influence outcomes Autonomy over outcomes Relatedness with others

Which statement most accurately represents the major difference between content and process theories of motivation?

Content theories emphasize the identification of the things that motivate us, while process theories emphasize how motivation occurs. correct Reason: Correct. Content theories emphasize the identification of the things that motivate us, while process theories emphasize how motivation occurs.

Select all that apply Select all of the components of the expectancy theory of motivation. (Select all that apply.)

Expectancy Valence Instrumentality

Which of these is an accurate list of the three components of the expectancy theory of motivation?

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Match each example of a need with the category of needs it best fits into according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Instructions

Food and water matches Choice Physiological needs Physical protection matches Choice Safety needs Belongingness matches Choice Social needs Status and self-respect matches Choice Esteem needs Self-fulfillment matches Choice Self-Actualization needs

Select all that apply Select all of the true statements regarding the relationship between commitment and goal setting effectiveness. (Select all that apply.)

Goal setting effectiveness depends on whether individuals think their goals are meaningful. People who commit to achieving a goal are more likely to be motivated by that goal.

Select all that apply Select all of the true statements regarding unintended consequences of goals. (Select all that apply.)

Goals may engender employee behaviors that are not in the organization's best interest. In certain circumstances, pressure to meet goals can lead to unethical behaviors.

Select all that apply Which of the following represent self-actualization needs? (Select all that apply.)

Growth Reaching full potential

Select the statement that best describes the relationship between hygiene factors and job dissatisfaction.

Hygiene factors are those job conditions that influence job dissatisfaction, but not job satisfaction.

Which of the following represents the first step in the OB Mod process?

Identify the measurable, observable, time-bound, performance-related behavior.

Select all that apply According to the expectancy theory of motivation, what questions are employees likely to ask themselves as they decide how much effort to devote to a task? (Select all that apply.)

If I perform well, will I be rewarded accordingly? Do I value the reward that is being offered? If I put more effort into this activity, will it improve my performance?

Which of the following statements best summarizes Alderfer's ERG theory?

Individuals are motivated to achieve three types of needs - existence, relatedness, and growth. An individual may be motivated by all three types of needs at the same time and does not need to satisfy one level of needs before being motivated by another.

Which of the following represents a criticism of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

It assumes all people focus on meeting lower needs first.

.Select all that apply What are the basic components of the job characteristics model (JCM) of motivation? (Select all that apply.)

Management tries to incorporate five core characteristics into employees' jobs. Employees experience three psychological states, which improve their motivation.

Select all that apply What are the key components of Herzberg's two-factor theory? (Select all that apply.)

Motivators and hygiene factors Satisfaction and dissatisfaction

Select all that apply Select all of the statements that accurately reflect Herzberg's two-factor theory. (Select all that apply.)

Motivators influence employee satisfaction; hygiene factors influence employee dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction represent distinct motivationally relevant attitudes. People have an innate drive to maintain their satisfaction and avoid dissatisfaction. There are job conditions that have unique effects on employee satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Select all that apply How do motivators and hygiene factors affect the attitude workers feel toward their jobs? (Select all that apply.)

Motivators make workers feel either more or less satisfied with their jobs. Hygiene factors increase or decrease the amount of dissatisfaction workers feel toward their jobs.

Select all that apply Which of the following examples represent ways managers can use principles of the job characteristics model to motivate employees? (Select all that apply.)

Move employees between different jobs each week to increase the variety of skills they use. Delegate authority to lower-level employees to encourage autonomy.

Which of the following represents a hygiene factor at work, according to Herzberg's two-factor theory?

On-site parking

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the premise of social learning theory?

People can learn without experiencing reinforcements if they are able to observe others' behaviors and their associated consequences.

Select all that apply What are the key components of the reinforcement theory of motivation? (Select all that apply.)

People develop patterns of behavior based on consequences they have experienced in the past. People are not aware that they are associating their behaviors with positive or negative consequences.

Which of the following statements about person-job fit is most accurate?

Person-job fit underlies the managerial motivation tactic of putting people in work situations where their needs will be met.

Select all that apply Select all of the learning theories that are particularly important in motivation. (Select all that apply.)

Reinforcement theory Social learning theory

Select all that apply Which of the following are the theories of learning that are particularly important to motivation? (Select all that apply.)

Reinforcement theory Social learning theory

Which of the following correctly lists the five core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback

The belief that one is capable of performing a task effectively is known as ______.

self-efficacy

Match each statement to the component of the expectancy theory of motivation that it best defines.

The extent to which individuals believe that their increased effort will lead to enhanced performance matches Choice Expectancy The extent to which individuals believe that successful performance will lead to receiving an important outcome matches Choice Instrumentality The amount of value or desirability an individual places on a particular outcome linked to performance success matches Choice Valence

Which of the following statements best represents a similarity between Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

The three needs in Alderfer's ERG theory overlap with the needs identified in Maslow's Hierarchy.

Match each statement with the category of motivation theories that it represents.

These theories seek to determine what it is that motivates human behavior. They focus on individual goals and needs, as well as on the proper use of extrinsic and intrinsic incentives. matches Choice Content Theories These theories seek to determine how human behavior is motivated. They focus on how motivation occurs, rather than on the variables that motivate behavior. matches Choice Process Theories

According to equity theory, why do employees sometimes attempt to force their co-workers to work harder or try to arrange for them to be paid less?

They believe the employer is not treating everyone fairly.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the reinforcement theory of motivation?

When individuals engage in a behavior and then receive a reinforcement such as an award or penalty, they eventually form an unconscious association between the behavior and the reinforcement.

Choose the statement that best completes the following sentence about the job characteristics model. According to the job characteristics model, job characteristics will be less likely to engender employee motivation and satisfaction when employees ______.

are in their jobs solely for the money

Engagement is a motivation concept that refers to the degree to which employees ______.

are willing to invest all of their energies into their roles at work correct Reason: Correct. Engagement is a motivation concept that refers to the degree to which employees are willing to invest all of their energies into their roles at work.

Choose the statement that best completes the following sentence about the job characteristics model. According to the job characteristics model, job characteristics will be more likely to engender employee motivation and satisfaction when employees ______.

have a need for personal growth

Which of the following statements best defines motivation?

he degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy toward a specific task or activity with intensity and persistence Reason: Correct. Motivation is the degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy toward a specific task or activity with intensity and persistence.

Select all that apply Complete the following sentence with all of the true statements about social learning theory. Social learning theory proposes that ______. (Select all that apply.)

in order to solidify learning, individuals need to engage in or practice the behaviors they observe individuals with higher self-efficacy are more likely to practice observed behaviors individuals can learn by observing others' behaviors and associated consequences

Select all that apply Job enrichment is motivating to employees because it ______. (Select all that apply.)

increases responsibility fosters empowerment

If individuals are benevolent, it means that they prefer a ratio that ______.

is lower than the ratios of others

Select all that apply Complete the following sentence with all of the true statements regarding self-efficacy. Self-efficacy can be defined as the ______. (Select all that apply.)

level of confidence in one's ability to carry out a course of action and one's expectation of success belief that one is capable of performing a task effectively

Match Alderfer's needs with the corresponding needs in Maslow's Hierarchy.

matches Choice Existence Physiological and safety needs Relatedness matches Choice Social and esteem needs Growth matches Choice Self-actualization

The force that reflects the degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy to a specific task or activity is called ______.

motivation correct Reason: Correct. Motivation is the force that reflects the degree to which individuals direct their attention and energy to a specific task or activity.

The objective of job design is to structure work tasks so that they are _____.

motivational

DC social media marketing company wants its employees to convert at least 10 new leads per week for their clients. Employees who reach this goal are exempt from having to attend the dreaded mandatory weekly company meeting where nothing of value ever happens. This is an example of ______.

negative reinforcement

In the context of self-determination theory, autonomy refers to ______.

one's feeling of control over outcomes

Select all that apply Complete the following sentence by selecting all of the strategies one can use to restore equity. One can attempt to influence ______. (Select all that apply.)

one's own outcomes the other employee's outcomes one's own inputs the other employee's inputs

According to equity theory, negative inequity is characterized as the degree to which ______.

one's relative outcomes compare unfavorably to someone else's

Select all that apply Complete the following sentence with all of the statements that represent criticisms of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow's Hierarchy ______. (Select all that apply.)

presents an over-simplified view of motivation assumes individuals focus solely on meeting one need at a time

In the job characteristics model (JCM), the degree to which employees feel personally accountable for the effectiveness of their work is known as ______.

responsibility for outcomes

According to social learning theory, in order to be motivated to try learning a new behavior, individuals must have a certain amount of ______.

self-efficacy

In goal setting theory, ______ focuses on whether the goal has an unambiguous and clear focus, while ______ focuses on one's ability to access information regarding his or her performance related to a goal.

specificity; feedback

In the context of self-determination theory, competence refers to ______.

the belief that one can influence some important outcome Reason: Correct. Competence refers to the belief that one can influence some important outcome.

Select all that apply According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, ______. (Select all that apply.)

the desire to be productive in one's tasks is a basic human need material issues such as pay and benefits represent one of an individual's three basic types of needs

In the context of self-determination theory, relatedness refers to ______.

the sense that one has meaningful and supportive relationships with others

Select all that apply According to the job characteristics model (JCM), the motivation potential for a job can be enhanced with five core job characteristics as long as ______. (Select all that apply.)

the work context is generally satisfying individual employees have the requisite job-related knowledge and skills workers value opportunities for personal growth

One unintended consequence of goal setting is that goals may lead to ______.

unethical behaviors