Management Chapter 12

Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPPA) (1996)

Allows employees to switch health insurance plans when changing jobs and get the new coverage regardless of preexisting health conditions; prohibits group plans from dropping a sick employee.

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) (1970)

Establishes mandatory safety and health standards in organizations.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) (2010)

Imposes a fee on firms with 50 or more employees if the government subsidizes their employees' health care coverage; prevents insurers from denying coverage based on preexisting conditions or charging women more than men.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) (1967; amended in 1978 & 1986)

Prohibits age discrimination and restricts mandatory retirement.

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

Prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals by employers on the basis of disability and demands that "reasonable accommodations" be provided for the disabled to allow performance of duties.

Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)

Prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability and requires that employees be informed about affirmative action plans.

Civil Rights Act, Title VII (1964)

Prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin.

Equal Pay Act (1963)

Prohibits sex differences in pay for substantially equal work.

Civil Rights Act (1991)

Provides for possible compensatory and punitive damages, plus traditional back pay, for cases of intentional discrimination brought under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Shifts the burden of proof to the employer.

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) (1985)

Requires continued health insurance coverage (paid by employee) following termination.

Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)

Requires employers to provide up to 12 weeks unpaid leave for childbirth, adoption, or family emergencies.