Management Final - Cate Loes
It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel
actually dislike increased empowerment.
Three important trends that are impacting businesses today are e-business, global organizations, and
ethics and social responsibility
The ratio at which one nation's currency can be exchanged for another nation's currency or gold is the
exchange rate
What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences?
reinforcement theory
What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
A global association of member countries that promotes free trade
Poor morale is most likely to cause
absenteeism
Frederick Taylor
analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.
The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was
elton mayo
Ethical violations destroy
trust
What is meant by focus?
A business strategy in which the business concentrates on one part or segment of the market and tries to meet the demands of that segment
What is the administrative model of decision making?
A descriptive approach, recognizing that people do not always make decisions with logic and rationality, that outlines how managers actually do make decisions; also known as the organizational, neoclassical, or behavioral model
Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?
A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours
What is an organization?
A group of individuals who work together to achieve the goals or objectives that are important to these individuals
What is meant by an authentic leader?
A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders
Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?
A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
What is path-goal theory?
A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment
Which of the following characteristics best relates to management?
A set of activities designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment
Which of the following characteristics relates to global business (globalization)?
A strategy in which organizations treat the entire world or major regions of it as the domain for conducting business
What is a network organization?
A structure, primarily a command unit, that does not make a good or provide a service but instead coordinates agreements and contracts with other organizations to produce, distribute, and sell products
What is the behavioral approach?
A view of management that emphasizes understanding the importance of human behavior, needs, and attitudes within formal organizations
What is meant by capitalism?
An economic system wherein the natural laws of supply and demand and free competition within the marketplace will efficiently regulate the flow of resources within a society
What are non-programmed decisions?
Decisions made in response to situations that are unique, relatively unstructured, undefined, and/or of major consequence to the organization
What name is given to a business strategy in which the strategic business unit offers a unique good or service to a customer at a premium price?
Differentiation
What term describes the purchase of overseas production and marketing facilities, in which a company may control the facilities outright, or it may be the majority stockholder in the company that controls the facilities?
Direct investment
You own and operate your own hamburger stand. One of your employees makes the hamburger patties, a second grills them, a third slaps them in buns, and a fourth sells them to customers. You are utilizing what management concept or theory?
Division of labor, or specialization
What term describes the arrangement of positions, as shown on an organizational chart, that dictates where work activities are completed, where decisions should be made, and the flow of information?
Formal organization
Which of the following characteristics relates to codes of ethics?
Formalized rules and standards that describe and delineate what the organization expects of its employees
What is meant by leading?
Influencing others' activities to achieve set goals
You own a painting business in Minnesota. You watch the Weather Channel faithfully and schedule indoor painting for cold/wet days and outdoor painting for warm/dry days. You are using what management theory?
Contingency theory
What term describes a business-level strategy aimed at achieving the overall lowest cost structure in an industry?
Cost leadership
Which of the following refers to those who purchase an organization's goods and/or services?
Customers
What name is given to individuals who make decisions about the use of the organization's resources, and are concerned with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's activities so as to reach its objectives?
Managers
_____________ believied capitalism would collapse upon itself and socialism was the way to a prosperous culture.
Marx
At the age of 45, having made your fortune in the hamburger business, you sell the business, retire, and then take up full-time the hobby you love: painting. Whose theory or concept best describes your decision?
Maslow's self-actualization
What name is given to the product life cycle stage when the product's market share either slows or has no growth?
Maturity
What is meant by contract manufacturing?
Occurs when a company hires a foreign company to produce a specified volume of the firm's product to specification
Which of the following characteristics relates to dumping?
Occurs when a country or business firm sells products at less than what it costs to produce them
Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?
Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards
IBM has recently rearranged various administrative divisions and departments. This activity can be classified into which major management function?
Organizing
Which of the following refers to a partnership formed to create competitive advantage on a worldwide basis?
Strategic alliance
What term describes goods or services that may be used in place of those furnished by a given business?
Substitutes
What name is given to those factors that have a direct effect on a specific organization and its managers, including customers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential new entrants to the industry?
Task environment
Within the general environment, what term describes the knowledge and process of changing inputs (resources, labor, and money) to outputs (goods and services)?
Technological dimension
Karl Marx is mostly know for his writing in the book _______________
The Communist Manifesto
Which of the following characteristics relates to a business-level strategy?
The area of responsibility usually assigned to the divisional-level managers
Which of the following characteristics relates to the sociocultural dimension?
The aspect of the general environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates
Which of the following characteristics relates to certainty?
The condition that exists when decision makers are fully informed about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes
Which of the following characteristics relates to corporate governance?
The formal system of oversight, accountability, and control for organizational decisions and resources
What is meant by intuition?
The immediate comprehension that something is the case, seemingly without the use of any reasoning process or conscious analysis
What is meant by legitimate power?
The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position
Which of the following characteristics relates to job design?
The process of grouping tasks into jobs
Which of the following characteristics best describes communication?
The process through which information and meaning are transferred from one person to another
What is meant by perception?
The process through which we receive, filter, organize, interpret, and attach meaning to information taken in from the environment
You advertise heavily for a manager for your new, high-tech computer-chip factory in the Midwest, but you simply cannot find a trained person. You are encountering a modern version of what historical problem?
The productivity problem
What is meant by importing?
The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source
Which of the following characteristics relates to social forces?
The relationship of people to each other within a particular culture
What is meant by corporate strategy?
The scope and resource deployment components of strategy for the enterprise as a whole
What is meant by soldiering?
The systematic slowdown in work by laborers with the deliberate purpose of keeping their employers ignorant of how fast the work can be done
Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational culture?
The values, norms, and artifacts shared by members of an organization
If you manage people using a traditional method of strong direction and tight control, you probably believe in the managerial assumptions of
Theory X
What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy, must be threatened and forced to work, have little ambition or initiative, and do not try to fulfill any need higher than security needs at work?
Theory X
You install a televised surveillance system in your doughnut shop so that you can keep an eye on every single employee, even when you are in your office. Your behavior is best described by
Theory X.
Which of the following characteristics relates to motivational factors?
Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement
What are maintenance factors?
Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security
Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?
Transactional leadership
Which of the following characteristics relates to a joint venture?
When a company that wants to do business in another country finds a local partner (occasionally, the host nation itself) to share the costs and operation of the business
The ______ loans money to countries throughout the world for reconstruction and development, and also makes loans to poorer countries for infrastructure and social services purposes.
World Bank
In the United States, if a businessperson brought an elaborately wrapped gift to a prospective client on their first meeting, it might be viewed as
a bribe
In analyzing the relationship between ethics and social responsibility, ethics may be viewed as
a component of social responsibility
When a nation pays for imports with its own goods, it is using
a countertrade agreement
When Henry Mintzberg referred to the manager as the "nerve center" and the "focal point" in his or her organization, he was talking about the manager in
a decisional role.
You are the president of Henry Motor Corp., and you see the great potential markets in Eastern Europe for personal transportation. Your plan is to purchase an old Soviet tank plant and convert it into an auto factory. The Russian government welcomes your plan, which is an example of
a direct investment
What name is given to the final result that a firm wishes to achieve?
a goal
"Improving people's lives by providing gas and electric services in a sustainable way -- affordable, reliable and clean" is an example of
a mission statement.
When we can identify a symptom of a problem, it is helpful and significant because then we know that
a problem exists
If it wants to reduce the dollars flowing out of the country, the United States can limit the number of garments being imported from China and Vietnam by imposing
a quota
You are an apple farmer and spokesperson for the American Apple Association. You are faced with severe dumping from apple growers in Transoceania, where apples grow wild and the people pay to pick apples as a form of recreation. To counter this threat, you are going to lobby Congress and the president to
impose a protective import tariff.
A negative effect of the informal organization, particularly in times of crisis, may well be
inaccurate information
If unethical behavior receives great reward and little punishment, then the likelihood that unethical behavior will recur is
increased
The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was
increased attention paid to workers
The opposite or other side of disastrous escalation of commitment is
bailing out of a course of action too soon
Which of the following refers to the broad range of body motions and behaviors, from facial expressions to the distance one person stands from another, that send messages to a receiver?
body langauge
In analyzing their external environment, most organizations find that it presents
both threats and opportunities
The distinguishing feature of division of labor, or specialization, is that it
breaks a job into component tasks and assigns a component to each worker
Developing widespread electric charging stations for electric cars is an illustration of
building technological infrastructure
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
content theories
According to the text, a blueprint of acceptable behavior that is passed from one generation to the next is called
culture
What name is given to the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart?
informal organization
Giving employees tickets to "cash in" for a paid day off when they get their projects done well ahead of the deadline is an example of the creative use of
informal rewards
Which of the following characteristics relates to nonverbal communication?
information conveyed by actions and behaviors rather than by spoken or written words
As it relates to decision making, risk may be said to be the condition that exists when
information is reliable, but incomplete.
When an individual simply has too many jobs to perform, he or she is suffering from what environmental barrier to communication?
information overload
You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand
information power
What term describes the physical facilities that support a country's economic activities, such as railroads, highways, ports, airfields, utilities and power plants, schools, hospitals, communication systems, and commercial distribution systems?
infrastructure
When a manager uses skills that are necessary to work with other people, such as communicating and listening, he or she is using
interpersonal skills
One of the keys to successful implementation of a decision in an organization is to
involve individuals affected by it in every step of the process.
Although regulations and laws sharply limit a leader's ability to use coercive power, it is a fair assessment that
it is still too commonly used in business settings.
Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?
job sharing
Drucker predicted that ______ would become increasingly important in the future, a prediction that became reality in the twenty-first century.
knowledge workers
The manager of the Boston Red Sox delivers a fiery speech just before the game about why it is critically important to beat the Yankees. He is
leading
The phrase caveat emptor means
let the buyer beware
What term describes a trade arrangement in which one company--the licensor--allows another company--the licensee--to use its company name, products, patents, brands, trademarks, raw materials, and/or production processes in exchange for a fee, or royalty?
licensing
At even the largest and most affluent corporation, the strategic management process begins with
limited resources
A valuable, and often underestimated, component of communication, and a difficult skill to master, is
listening
As it relates to decision making, uncertainty may be said to be the condition that exists when
little or no reliable information is available.
In a condition of uncertainty, managers must acquire as much relevant information as possible, and then make the best possible use of
logic, intuition, judgment, and experience
Mass-production techniques of standardized products
lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.
Regarding a business' resources, having ____________ is optimal.
many suppliers
Social responsibility is the obligation a business has to
maximize its positive impact on society and minimize its negative impact
If companies do research to learn about cultural differences before engaging in trade in a particular country, then problems arising from these cultural differences can be
minimized
A set of principles that describe what a person believes is the right way to behave is called
moral philosophy
Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?
morale
Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?
morale
What term describes the process of choosing among alternative courses of action to resolve a problem?
decision making
When a manager gathers and uses information to make a choice about how an organization's resources will be used, he or she is engaging in
decision making
You are a frenetic, workaholic manager. You trust no one but yourself. You do everyone's work for them. While they play cards and take four-hour lunches, your subordinates laugh at you because of your complete inability to
delegate
The fact that Americans are becoming older and more affluent is an example of
demographic characteristics
The first step in strategic planning is
determining the mission and strategic goals
Managers with a conceptual decision making style are skilled at
developing new solutions and relying on intuition
What term describes a member of the team who argues for an alternative position, thereby encouraging team members to carefully consider alternative courses of action?
devil's advocate
When a firm offers a unique good or service to a customer at a premium price, it is following the business-level strategy of
differentiation
Your saltwater taffy, which you produce right next to the Pacific Ocean in Orchard Park, Oregon, has a national reputation. You sell all you can make, and people drive hundreds of miles to your shop to buy it. You have a
distinctive competence
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company has doubled its wind energy capacity by installing windmills and high-tech batteries to make it a "cleaner" utility company. In high-tech renewable energy, this company has a
distinctive competence.
By requiring products to be sold for not less than what it costs to produce them, the United States is attempting to prohibit
dumping
To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs.
motivation
In the systems approach to management, an open system is usually thought of as having
much interaction with the external environment
A corporation that operates in several countries without significant ties to any of them is a
multinational
In the communication process, anything that interferes with a message being communicated effectively is known as
noise
A decision to build a new plant, acquire another company, create a new position, enter into a strategic alliance, invest in enhancing operations, or develop a new product is a ______ type of decision.
non-programmed
What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?
organizational power
Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is
organizationally based
When the manager of the Boston Red Sox uses the scouting, player development, and travel departments to make plans for an upcoming series, he is
organizing
You manage a semiprofessional baseball team, and you call up the Toronto Blue Jays and challenge them to a million-dollar match, winner take all. You suffer from
overconfidence and excessive risk propensity.
Businesses must first be responsible to their , who are primarily concerned with earning a profit.
owners
Perhaps the most basic assumption about the nature of people in Taylor's system of scientific management is that
people are rational beings and are economically motivated
What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics?
personal power
When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical
personal sources of power are essential
When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is
planning
The Sierra Club makes a major effort in Washington to pass a law banning the logging of old-growth forest in Oregon through its political action committee (PAC). It is operating in the
political element of the political-legal dimension
Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others?
power
Which of the following refers to the difference between a desired situation and the actual situation?
problem
When a manager decides to reorder inventory or establishes skill requirements for a certain job, she is making what type of decision?
programmed
What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?
punishment
When managers allow greater participation with regard to the design and implementation of projects, conflict within work groups is
reduced
When an organization gives someone authority, it expects something in return, namely
responsibility
Which of the following refers to the condition that exists when decision makers must rely on incomplete, yet reliable information?
risk
What name is given to a person's willingness to take risks when making decisions?
risk propensity
Which of the following refers to the decision maker's decision to choose the first alternative that appears to resolve the problem satisfactorily?
satisficing
An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called
self efficacy
You admire Sam Walton because he founded Wal-Mart when everyone said that discount stores in small cities would not work. You admire his
self-confidence and intuitive ability.
Most businesspeople engaged in international trade underestimate the importance of
social and cultural differences
You are the international marketing manager for Brides & Grooms, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of wedding apparel. This year's fashions are featuring white for the entire wedding party. You scheduled this year's Asian kick-off for next Monday in Tokyo, when you discover that white is the Japanese color of mourning. What did you overlook?
social and cultural differences
The translation of product names can be a crucial factor in the success or failure of a foreign marketing effort because of
sociocultural difference
What name is given to an environment in which stakeholder demands, and specifically customer desires, are well understood and relatively steady over time?
stable environment
The agreement between Japan's Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunication company Ericsson to make mobile phones is an example of a
strategic alliance
When a performance evaluation is based on favoritism and political opportunity, rather than on merit, an ethical issue has arisen in the area of
employee relations
What term describes the process of transforming information into understandable symbols, typically spoken or written words or gestures?
encoding
The task environment includes all of the following except
environmentalists
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
equity theory
When a manager persists in a failing course of action and discounts negative information, he or she is engaging in
escalation of commitment
In expectancy theory, if a person believes that extra effort will lead to high performance, such as a bonus or commission, we are talking about the person's
expectancy
What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it?
expectancy theory
Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of
expert power
What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?
expert power
What name is given to the sale of goods and services to foreign markets?
exporting
Your sales manager tells you that your widget sales are dropping dramatically, and you should drop the line. Your son-in-law says that widget sales are doing OK and that you should increase production. You increase production. You are engaging in
framing
What name is given to a form of licensing in which a company agrees to provide a name, logo, methods of operation, advertising, products, and other elements associated with the company's business, in return for a financial commitment and the agreement to conduct business in accordance with the company's standard of operations?
franchising
When Henri Fayol said that management's role is to "forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control," he was stating the
functional definition of management.
Which of the following refers to the grouping of jobs according to similar economic activities, such as finance, production and operations, and marketing?
functional structure
What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?
goal setting theory
As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve
goals and objectives important to them
The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that
hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife.
Managers tend to be more concerned about ethical issues that
have immediate consequences
One of the significant conclusions that has been drawn from the Hawthorne studies is that
human relations and the social needs of workers are a critical variable in management
Which of the following refers to a tax levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders and imported into the country?
import tariff
The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source defines
importing
The Union Electric Company, a St. Louis utility, buys a large shipment of coal from Peabody Coal Company for use in its coal-fired plants. Peabody is one of Union Electric's
suppliers
The purpose of a strategy is to
take advantage of what the organization does well, or hopes to do well
The parties it deals with, such as suppliers, customers, and organizations producing substitute goods, are all a part of a firm's
task environment
One of Mary Parker Follett's major contributions to the behavioral approach to management was her stress on the importance of
work groups as an influence on worker behavior.
The contingency approach to management is best characterized by the short phrase
"it depends."
Which of the following characteristics relates to the quantitative approach?
A viewpoint of management that emphasizes the application of mathematical models, statistics, and structured information systems to support rational management decision making
What is flextime?
A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period
The psychologist who developed the idea that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance is
Abraham Maslow
The basic tenets of capitalism were set forth in a well-known book, The Wealth of Nations, written by
Adam Smith
What term describes the universality of management as a function that can be applied to all organizations?
Administrative management
What is the nature of the organization's internal environment?
All factors that make up the organization, such as the owners, managers, employees, and board of directors
Which of the following characteristics relates to the nature of the management environment?
All of those factors that affect the operation of the organization
What is the systems approach to management theory?
An approach to management theory that views organizations and the environments within which they operate as sets of interrelated parts to be managed as a whole in order to achieve a common goal
You are the international marketing manager for Checker Burger, Inc., producer of a popular soy burger. There is an excellent market for your burgers in the republic of East Slabovia, a producer of high-quality brandy. The only problem is that East Slaboviar currency is not accepted on the international currency exchange. What can you do to help your trade?
Barter burgers for brandy.
What term describes the design of jobs based on the view that workers are independent parts of the production process whose individual characteristics should be taken into account in forming jobs?
Behavioral approach to job design
What name is given to an organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management?
Chain of command
You manufacture high-tech multicomponent widgets in a new factory in Illinois. Your production line has eight different work stations, and each worker operates a computerized assembler. Your assembly method produces a widget every ten minutes. Your new factory is making use of what approach to management?
Classical
What term describes an approach to management that stresses the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently?
Classical approach
Which of the following refers to the design of jobs based on the principles of division of labor and specialization?
Classical approach to job design
What are learning organizations?
Companies that facilitate the learning of their members and continuously transform themselves
Which of the following refers to the intellectual abilities to process information and make accurate decisions about the work group and the job tasks?
Conceptual skills
What term describes the suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation?
Contingency theory
What name is given to the overall condition of the complex interactions of economies throughout the world?
Economic dimension
Which of the following refers to the relationship of people to resources?
Economic forces
Which of the following characteristics relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
Effectively merged Canada, the United States, and Mexico into one market of about 400 million consumers by eliminating most tariffs and trade restrictions on agricultural and manufactured products among the three countries
What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions?
Employee-centered leaders
Which of the following refers to the tendency to persist with a failing course of action?
Escalation of commitment
Which of the following characteristics relates to the World Bank?
Established and supported by the industrialized nations in 1946 to loan money to underdeveloped and developing countries
Which of the following refers to an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person or organization to choose among several actions that may be evaluated as ethical or unethical?
Ethical issue
Which of the following refers to a comprehensive evaluation of a firm's ethics and compliance program and its ethical decisions used to determine whether the program is effective?
Ethics audit
Which of the following refers to an economic and political union of 28 member nations that are located primarily in Europe?
European Union (EU)
What name is given to the ratio at which one nation's currency can be exchanged for another nation's currency or for gold?
Exchange rate
If a leader wants a high degree of commitment from his or her subordinates, which sources of power are most likely to lead to that?
Expert, referent, and charismatic
Which of the following refers to all of the factors outside the organization that may affect the managers' actions?
External environment
The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was
Frank Gilbreth
You watch a painter paint a house, and you videotape her movements. Later, you make specific recommendations for reducing her painting motions so she can be more efficient, and you also design a movable ladder for her to reduce fatigue. You are a disciple of
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
The fact that U.S. businesses now frequently engage in international trading relations is an illustration of what dimension of the general environment?
Global
What term is used to describe the product life cycle stage characterized by dramatic increases in the product's market share?
Growth
The management professor who actually followed managers for several days and took detailed notes about the purpose of all their activities was
Henry Mintzberg
What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Hierarchy of needs
Understanding external factors is important to managers, equally important is knowing ____________.
How to respond to the factors.
Which of the following refers to a practice whereby employees came to be viewed as informal groups of their own, with their own leadership and codes of behavior, instead of as just unrelated individual workers assigned to perform individual tasks?
Human-relations movement
_____ of a plan is where the organization goes from the "thinking" mode to the "doing" mode.
Implementation
Also known as moral philosophies, what term describes sets of principles that describe what a person believes are the right way to behave?
Individual values
What term describes activities--including reporting, preparing data analyses, briefings, delivering mail, emailing, websites, and making telephone calls--that focus on data important for the decisions the manager needs to make?
Informational roles
Because many countries do not permit foreigners to purchase and operate facilities in their countries, a company wishing to do business in such a country may share the business costs with the host country by forming a
Joint venture
What name is given to individuals who work primarily with information or who develop and use knowledge in the workplace?
Knowledge workers
What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges?
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Which of the following refers to a systematic statement, based on observations, of how the management process might best occur, given stated underlying principles?
Management theory
What name is given the transfer of manufacturing or other functions (such as data processing) to countries where labor and supplies are less expensive?
Outsourcing
The company that was founded on with strong CSR principles is
Patagonia
Which of the following characteristics best relates to resources?
People, equipment, finances, and data used by an organization to reach its objectives
____ coined the term management by objectives in his 1954 work Practice of Management.
Peter Drucker
Which of the following refers to a set of activities intended to achieve goals, whether for an entire organization, department, or an individual?
Plan
An American firm's refusal to enter into a binding contract with a Russian oil firm because of the lack of clarity of Russian law in this area is based on the American firm's analysis of which dimension of the general environment?
Political-legal dimension
Which of the following characteristics relates to information power?
Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others
Which of the following refers to those who have a formal and/or contractual relationship with the firm, such as customers, suppliers, employees, regulators, investors, and communities?
Primary stakeholders
Which of the following characteristics relates to business ethics?
Principles, values, and codes of conduct that define acceptable behavior in business
What name is given to an interpretation of the purpose of life, stating that, instead of merely waiting on earth for release into the next world, people should pursue an occupation and engage in high levels of worldly activity so that they can fulfill their calling?
Protestant ethic
What name is given to personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another?
Referent power
What name is given to the evaluation of the organization's internal strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats associated with the business's external environment?
SWOT analysis
What name is given to a theory within the classical approach that focuses on the improvement of operational efficiencies through the systematic and scientific study of work methods, tools, and performance standards?
Scientific management
What term describes groups that have a less formal connection to the organization, such as environmentalists, special interest groups, and the media?
Secondary stakeholders
What is meant by interpersonal skills?
Skills such as communication, listening, conflict resolution, and leading that are necessary to work with others
What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?
Social learning theory
What name is given to the obligation a business assumes to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society?
Social responsibility
The Hotfoot and Too-Too tribes in Russylvania, a desperately poor nation, engage in a bloody civil war for territory. The total population of Russylvania is ten million, and the area of the country is ten thousand square miles. Population is increasing by 10 percent a year. The civil war is really
a symptom of a problem
What is meant by brainstorming?
a technique in which group members spontaneously suggest ideas to solve a problem
A managerial decision becomes an ethical issue when
accepted rules no longer apply, and the person must use his or her own moral standards.
Both Henri Fayol and Max Weber were major contributors to the classical approach to management known as
administrative management
Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power?
affiliative power
An important reason why channel selection becomes a personal barrier to communication effectiveness is that some individuals
always seem to lean toward a particular channel
In SWOT analysis, an environmental circumstance that is potentially beneficial for the firm is called
an opportunity
In an organizational chart, the higher the level of the box in the chart, the higher the level of
authority
What term describes the pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions?
centralization
What name is given to the medium or method used to transmit the intended information and meaning (such as leaving an email or telling a person face to face)?
channel
Subordinate resistance to the use of power is most likely when which of the following sources of power is used?
coercive
A positive contribution of the informal relationships in the organization's operation is
communication and interaction
A __________orientation type of control system requires that employees learn and pledge to a specific type of conduct.
compliance
Within a ____________orientation type of control system, when employees understand that their behaviors will be met with consequences, either good or bad, they have little opportunity for ambiguous personal interpretation of how they should act within the company.
compliance
What term describes a person's faith that his or her decisions are reliable and good?
confidence
Two factors that go hand in hand in managerial decision making and may have positive or disastrous organizational effects are
confidence and risk propensity
Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called
content theories
When the manager of the accounting department has the knowledge to answer his employees' questions about current tax regulations, he is displaying
technical skills
The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to
the Hawthorne studies.
You work 90 hours a week because you are afraid of what will happen to you in the next life if you don't. You are a modern apostle of
the Protestant ethic
Your employees call you "The Computer." Your favorite saying is, "Just the facts, ma'am." You believe that knowledge is power. Your favorite decision-making model is
the classical model
Strategic planning differs from general planning in that it focuses on
the external environment and long-term goals
In a decision making situation where the decision maker satisfices,
the first satisfactory alternative is chosen.
Your fellow employees regularly take home company supplies such as paper, pens, tape, and glue for their personal use. Although you feel it is wrong to do so, you begin taking home company supplies too. The strongest influence on your behavior is
the overall moral climate of your organization.
The most accurate definition of the technological dimension of the general environment is
the process of changing inputs to outputs
A major criticism of the classical theories of management has been that they were
too narrowly focused on work and efficiency and ignored human needs
What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission?
transformational leadership
The behavioral approach to management is most concerned with
understanding the importance of human needs, behavior, and attitudes in organizations
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
undesirable long-term side effects
The role of management in fostering ethical behavior in an organization is extremely important because managers
who ask employees to do something wrong have a powerful influence
According to research, the most important factor affecting daily ethical decisions at work is the
work group or the perceived ethicalness of the work group
You own a computer company, and you launch a joint venture with a competitor to create a new super-speed tablet. Unfortunately, you do not realize that your operating system is totally incompatible with that of the other company's, and the new venture fails miserably. This is the result of
your failure to cope with the technological dimension of the general environment