Management Final - Cate Loes

It is interesting that in certain industries, such as the hotel industry, service personnel

actually dislike increased empowerment.

Three important trends that are impacting businesses today are e-business, global organizations, and

ethics and social responsibility

The ratio at which one nation's currency can be exchanged for another nation's currency or gold is the

exchange rate

What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences?

reinforcement theory

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A global association of member countries that promotes free trade

Poor morale is most likely to cause

absenteeism

Frederick Taylor

analyzed jobs to improve efficiency.

The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies was

elton mayo

Ethical violations destroy

trust

What is meant by focus?

A business strategy in which the business concentrates on one part or segment of the market and tries to meet the demands of that segment

What is the administrative model of decision making?

A descriptive approach, recognizing that people do not always make decisions with logic and rationality, that outlines how managers actually do make decisions; also known as the organizational, neoclassical, or behavioral model

Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?

A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours

What is an organization?

A group of individuals who work together to achieve the goals or objectives that are important to these individuals

What is meant by an authentic leader?

A leader who is passionate about company objectives, models corporate values in the workplace, and forms strong relationships with stakeholders

Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?

A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment

What is path-goal theory?

A model concerned with how a leader affects employees' perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment

Which of the following characteristics best relates to management?

A set of activities designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment

Which of the following characteristics relates to global business (globalization)?

A strategy in which organizations treat the entire world or major regions of it as the domain for conducting business

What is a network organization?

A structure, primarily a command unit, that does not make a good or provide a service but instead coordinates agreements and contracts with other organizations to produce, distribute, and sell products

What is the behavioral approach?

A view of management that emphasizes understanding the importance of human behavior, needs, and attitudes within formal organizations

What is meant by capitalism?

An economic system wherein the natural laws of supply and demand and free competition within the marketplace will efficiently regulate the flow of resources within a society

What are non-programmed decisions?

Decisions made in response to situations that are unique, relatively unstructured, undefined, and/or of major consequence to the organization

What name is given to a business strategy in which the strategic business unit offers a unique good or service to a customer at a premium price?

Differentiation

What term describes the purchase of overseas production and marketing facilities, in which a company may control the facilities outright, or it may be the majority stockholder in the company that controls the facilities?

Direct investment

You own and operate your own hamburger stand. One of your employees makes the hamburger patties, a second grills them, a third slaps them in buns, and a fourth sells them to customers. You are utilizing what management concept or theory?

Division of labor, or specialization

What term describes the arrangement of positions, as shown on an organizational chart, that dictates where work activities are completed, where decisions should be made, and the flow of information?

Formal organization

Which of the following characteristics relates to codes of ethics?

Formalized rules and standards that describe and delineate what the organization expects of its employees

What is meant by leading?

Influencing others' activities to achieve set goals

You own a painting business in Minnesota. You watch the Weather Channel faithfully and schedule indoor painting for cold/wet days and outdoor painting for warm/dry days. You are using what management theory?

Contingency theory

What term describes a business-level strategy aimed at achieving the overall lowest cost structure in an industry?

Cost leadership

Which of the following refers to those who purchase an organization's goods and/or services?

Customers

What name is given to individuals who make decisions about the use of the organization's resources, and are concerned with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's activities so as to reach its objectives?

Managers

_____________ believied capitalism would collapse upon itself and socialism was the way to a prosperous culture.

Marx

At the age of 45, having made your fortune in the hamburger business, you sell the business, retire, and then take up full-time the hobby you love: painting. Whose theory or concept best describes your decision?

Maslow's self-actualization

What name is given to the product life cycle stage when the product's market share either slows or has no growth?

Maturity

What is meant by contract manufacturing?

Occurs when a company hires a foreign company to produce a specified volume of the firm's product to specification

Which of the following characteristics relates to dumping?

Occurs when a country or business firm sells products at less than what it costs to produce them

Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?

Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards

IBM has recently rearranged various administrative divisions and departments. This activity can be classified into which major management function?

Organizing

Which of the following refers to a partnership formed to create competitive advantage on a worldwide basis?

Strategic alliance

What term describes goods or services that may be used in place of those furnished by a given business?

Substitutes

What name is given to those factors that have a direct effect on a specific organization and its managers, including customers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential new entrants to the industry?

Task environment

Within the general environment, what term describes the knowledge and process of changing inputs (resources, labor, and money) to outputs (goods and services)?

Technological dimension

Karl Marx is mostly know for his writing in the book _______________

The Communist Manifesto

Which of the following characteristics relates to a business-level strategy?

The area of responsibility usually assigned to the divisional-level managers

Which of the following characteristics relates to the sociocultural dimension?

The aspect of the general environment that includes the demographics, attitudes, and the values of the society within which an organization operates

Which of the following characteristics relates to certainty?

The condition that exists when decision makers are fully informed about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes

Which of the following characteristics relates to corporate governance?

The formal system of oversight, accountability, and control for organizational decisions and resources

What is meant by intuition?

The immediate comprehension that something is the case, seemingly without the use of any reasoning process or conscious analysis

What is meant by legitimate power?

The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position

Which of the following characteristics relates to job design?

The process of grouping tasks into jobs

Which of the following characteristics best describes communication?

The process through which information and meaning are transferred from one person to another

What is meant by perception?

The process through which we receive, filter, organize, interpret, and attach meaning to information taken in from the environment

You advertise heavily for a manager for your new, high-tech computer-chip factory in the Midwest, but you simply cannot find a trained person. You are encountering a modern version of what historical problem?

The productivity problem

What is meant by importing?

The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source

Which of the following characteristics relates to social forces?

The relationship of people to each other within a particular culture

What is meant by corporate strategy?

The scope and resource deployment components of strategy for the enterprise as a whole

What is meant by soldiering?

The systematic slowdown in work by laborers with the deliberate purpose of keeping their employers ignorant of how fast the work can be done

Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational culture?

The values, norms, and artifacts shared by members of an organization

If you manage people using a traditional method of strong direction and tight control, you probably believe in the managerial assumptions of

Theory X

What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy, must be threatened and forced to work, have little ambition or initiative, and do not try to fulfill any need higher than security needs at work?

Theory X

You install a televised surveillance system in your doughnut shop so that you can keep an eye on every single employee, even when you are in your office. Your behavior is best described by

Theory X.

Which of the following characteristics relates to motivational factors?

Those aspects of a job that relate to the content of the work, including achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement

What are maintenance factors?

Those aspects of a job that relate to the work setting, including adequate wages, comfortable working conditions, fair company policies, and job security

Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?

Transactional leadership

Which of the following characteristics relates to a joint venture?

When a company that wants to do business in another country finds a local partner (occasionally, the host nation itself) to share the costs and operation of the business

The ______ loans money to countries throughout the world for reconstruction and development, and also makes loans to poorer countries for infrastructure and social services purposes.

World Bank

In the United States, if a businessperson brought an elaborately wrapped gift to a prospective client on their first meeting, it might be viewed as

a bribe

In analyzing the relationship between ethics and social responsibility, ethics may be viewed as

a component of social responsibility

When a nation pays for imports with its own goods, it is using

a countertrade agreement

When Henry Mintzberg referred to the manager as the "nerve center" and the "focal point" in his or her organization, he was talking about the manager in

a decisional role.

You are the president of Henry Motor Corp., and you see the great potential markets in Eastern Europe for personal transportation. Your plan is to purchase an old Soviet tank plant and convert it into an auto factory. The Russian government welcomes your plan, which is an example of

a direct investment

What name is given to the final result that a firm wishes to achieve?

a goal

"Improving people's lives by providing gas and electric services in a sustainable way -- affordable, reliable and clean" is an example of

a mission statement.

When we can identify a symptom of a problem, it is helpful and significant because then we know that

a problem exists

If it wants to reduce the dollars flowing out of the country, the United States can limit the number of garments being imported from China and Vietnam by imposing

a quota

You are an apple farmer and spokesperson for the American Apple Association. You are faced with severe dumping from apple growers in Transoceania, where apples grow wild and the people pay to pick apples as a form of recreation. To counter this threat, you are going to lobby Congress and the president to

impose a protective import tariff.

A negative effect of the informal organization, particularly in times of crisis, may well be

inaccurate information

If unethical behavior receives great reward and little punishment, then the likelihood that unethical behavior will recur is

increased

The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was

increased attention paid to workers

The opposite or other side of disastrous escalation of commitment is

bailing out of a course of action too soon

Which of the following refers to the broad range of body motions and behaviors, from facial expressions to the distance one person stands from another, that send messages to a receiver?

body langauge

In analyzing their external environment, most organizations find that it presents

both threats and opportunities

The distinguishing feature of division of labor, or specialization, is that it

breaks a job into component tasks and assigns a component to each worker

Developing widespread electric charging stations for electric cars is an illustration of

building technological infrastructure

What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?

content theories

According to the text, a blueprint of acceptable behavior that is passed from one generation to the next is called

culture

What name is given to the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart?

informal organization

Giving employees tickets to "cash in" for a paid day off when they get their projects done well ahead of the deadline is an example of the creative use of

informal rewards

Which of the following characteristics relates to nonverbal communication?

information conveyed by actions and behaviors rather than by spoken or written words

As it relates to decision making, risk may be said to be the condition that exists when

information is reliable, but incomplete.

When an individual simply has too many jobs to perform, he or she is suffering from what environmental barrier to communication?

information overload

You are a computer whiz, and you have installed some software that monitors all incoming and outgoing company emails. You have no formal understanding of leadership theory, but you clearly understand

information power

What term describes the physical facilities that support a country's economic activities, such as railroads, highways, ports, airfields, utilities and power plants, schools, hospitals, communication systems, and commercial distribution systems?

infrastructure

When a manager uses skills that are necessary to work with other people, such as communicating and listening, he or she is using

interpersonal skills

One of the keys to successful implementation of a decision in an organization is to

involve individuals affected by it in every step of the process.

Although regulations and laws sharply limit a leader's ability to use coercive power, it is a fair assessment that

it is still too commonly used in business settings.

Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?

job sharing

Drucker predicted that ______ would become increasingly important in the future, a prediction that became reality in the twenty-first century.

knowledge workers

The manager of the Boston Red Sox delivers a fiery speech just before the game about why it is critically important to beat the Yankees. He is

leading

The phrase caveat emptor means

let the buyer beware

What term describes a trade arrangement in which one company--the licensor--allows another company--the licensee--to use its company name, products, patents, brands, trademarks, raw materials, and/or production processes in exchange for a fee, or royalty?

licensing

At even the largest and most affluent corporation, the strategic management process begins with

limited resources

A valuable, and often underestimated, component of communication, and a difficult skill to master, is

listening

As it relates to decision making, uncertainty may be said to be the condition that exists when

little or no reliable information is available.

In a condition of uncertainty, managers must acquire as much relevant information as possible, and then make the best possible use of

logic, intuition, judgment, and experience

Mass-production techniques of standardized products

lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.

Regarding a business' resources, having ____________ is optimal.

many suppliers

Social responsibility is the obligation a business has to

maximize its positive impact on society and minimize its negative impact

If companies do research to learn about cultural differences before engaging in trade in a particular country, then problems arising from these cultural differences can be

minimized

A set of principles that describe what a person believes is the right way to behave is called

moral philosophy

Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?

morale

Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?

morale

What term describes the process of choosing among alternative courses of action to resolve a problem?

decision making

When a manager gathers and uses information to make a choice about how an organization's resources will be used, he or she is engaging in

decision making

You are a frenetic, workaholic manager. You trust no one but yourself. You do everyone's work for them. While they play cards and take four-hour lunches, your subordinates laugh at you because of your complete inability to

delegate

The fact that Americans are becoming older and more affluent is an example of

demographic characteristics

The first step in strategic planning is

determining the mission and strategic goals

Managers with a conceptual decision making style are skilled at

developing new solutions and relying on intuition

What term describes a member of the team who argues for an alternative position, thereby encouraging team members to carefully consider alternative courses of action?

devil's advocate

When a firm offers a unique good or service to a customer at a premium price, it is following the business-level strategy of

differentiation

Your saltwater taffy, which you produce right next to the Pacific Ocean in Orchard Park, Oregon, has a national reputation. You sell all you can make, and people drive hundreds of miles to your shop to buy it. You have a

distinctive competence

MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company has doubled its wind energy capacity by installing windmills and high-tech batteries to make it a "cleaner" utility company. In high-tech renewable energy, this company has a

distinctive competence.

By requiring products to be sold for not less than what it costs to produce them, the United States is attempting to prohibit

dumping

To achieve organizational objectives, employees must have the ability, tools, and _____ to perform their jobs.

motivation

In the systems approach to management, an open system is usually thought of as having

much interaction with the external environment

A corporation that operates in several countries without significant ties to any of them is a

multinational

In the communication process, anything that interferes with a message being communicated effectively is known as

noise

A decision to build a new plant, acquire another company, create a new position, enter into a strategic alliance, invest in enhancing operations, or develop a new product is a ______ type of decision.

non-programmed

What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?

organizational power

Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is

organizationally based

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox uses the scouting, player development, and travel departments to make plans for an upcoming series, he is

organizing

You manage a semiprofessional baseball team, and you call up the Toronto Blue Jays and challenge them to a million-dollar match, winner take all. You suffer from

overconfidence and excessive risk propensity.

Businesses must first be responsible to their , who are primarily concerned with earning a profit.

owners

Perhaps the most basic assumption about the nature of people in Taylor's system of scientific management is that

people are rational beings and are economically motivated

What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics?

personal power

When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical

personal sources of power are essential

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is

planning

The Sierra Club makes a major effort in Washington to pass a law banning the logging of old-growth forest in Oregon through its political action committee (PAC). It is operating in the

political element of the political-legal dimension

Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others?

power

Which of the following refers to the difference between a desired situation and the actual situation?

problem

When a manager decides to reorder inventory or establishes skill requirements for a certain job, she is making what type of decision?

programmed

What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?

punishment

When managers allow greater participation with regard to the design and implementation of projects, conflict within work groups is

reduced

When an organization gives someone authority, it expects something in return, namely

responsibility

Which of the following refers to the condition that exists when decision makers must rely on incomplete, yet reliable information?

risk

What name is given to a person's willingness to take risks when making decisions?

risk propensity

Which of the following refers to the decision maker's decision to choose the first alternative that appears to resolve the problem satisfactorily?

satisficing

An employee's confidence that he or she can perform a task or behavior successfully is called

self efficacy

You admire Sam Walton because he founded Wal-Mart when everyone said that discount stores in small cities would not work. You admire his

self-confidence and intuitive ability.

Most businesspeople engaged in international trade underestimate the importance of

social and cultural differences

You are the international marketing manager for Brides & Grooms, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of wedding apparel. This year's fashions are featuring white for the entire wedding party. You scheduled this year's Asian kick-off for next Monday in Tokyo, when you discover that white is the Japanese color of mourning. What did you overlook?

social and cultural differences

The translation of product names can be a crucial factor in the success or failure of a foreign marketing effort because of

sociocultural difference

What name is given to an environment in which stakeholder demands, and specifically customer desires, are well understood and relatively steady over time?

stable environment

The agreement between Japan's Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunication company Ericsson to make mobile phones is an example of a

strategic alliance

When a performance evaluation is based on favoritism and political opportunity, rather than on merit, an ethical issue has arisen in the area of

employee relations

What term describes the process of transforming information into understandable symbols, typically spoken or written words or gestures?

encoding

The task environment includes all of the following except

environmentalists

What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?

equity theory

When a manager persists in a failing course of action and discounts negative information, he or she is engaging in

escalation of commitment

In expectancy theory, if a person believes that extra effort will lead to high performance, such as a bonus or commission, we are talking about the person's

expectancy

What name is given to the theory that states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it?

expectancy theory

Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of

expert power

What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?

expert power

What name is given to the sale of goods and services to foreign markets?

exporting

Your sales manager tells you that your widget sales are dropping dramatically, and you should drop the line. Your son-in-law says that widget sales are doing OK and that you should increase production. You increase production. You are engaging in

framing

What name is given to a form of licensing in which a company agrees to provide a name, logo, methods of operation, advertising, products, and other elements associated with the company's business, in return for a financial commitment and the agreement to conduct business in accordance with the company's standard of operations?

franchising

When Henri Fayol said that management's role is to "forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control," he was stating the

functional definition of management.

Which of the following refers to the grouping of jobs according to similar economic activities, such as finance, production and operations, and marketing?

functional structure

What term describes a theory that recognizes the importance of goals in improving employee performance?

goal setting theory

As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve

goals and objectives important to them

The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that

hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife.

Managers tend to be more concerned about ethical issues that

have immediate consequences

One of the significant conclusions that has been drawn from the Hawthorne studies is that

human relations and the social needs of workers are a critical variable in management

Which of the following refers to a tax levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders and imported into the country?

import tariff

The purchase of goods and services from a foreign source defines

importing

The Union Electric Company, a St. Louis utility, buys a large shipment of coal from Peabody Coal Company for use in its coal-fired plants. Peabody is one of Union Electric's

suppliers

The purpose of a strategy is to

take advantage of what the organization does well, or hopes to do well

The parties it deals with, such as suppliers, customers, and organizations producing substitute goods, are all a part of a firm's

task environment

One of Mary Parker Follett's major contributions to the behavioral approach to management was her stress on the importance of

work groups as an influence on worker behavior.

The contingency approach to management is best characterized by the short phrase

"it depends."

Which of the following characteristics relates to the quantitative approach?

A viewpoint of management that emphasizes the application of mathematical models, statistics, and structured information systems to support rational management decision making

What is flextime?

A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period

The psychologist who developed the idea that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance is

Abraham Maslow

The basic tenets of capitalism were set forth in a well-known book, The Wealth of Nations, written by

Adam Smith

What term describes the universality of management as a function that can be applied to all organizations?

Administrative management

What is the nature of the organization's internal environment?

All factors that make up the organization, such as the owners, managers, employees, and board of directors

Which of the following characteristics relates to the nature of the management environment?

All of those factors that affect the operation of the organization

What is the systems approach to management theory?

An approach to management theory that views organizations and the environments within which they operate as sets of interrelated parts to be managed as a whole in order to achieve a common goal

You are the international marketing manager for Checker Burger, Inc., producer of a popular soy burger. There is an excellent market for your burgers in the republic of East Slabovia, a producer of high-quality brandy. The only problem is that East Slaboviar currency is not accepted on the international currency exchange. What can you do to help your trade?

Barter burgers for brandy.

What term describes the design of jobs based on the view that workers are independent parts of the production process whose individual characteristics should be taken into account in forming jobs?

Behavioral approach to job design

What name is given to an organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management?

Chain of command

You manufacture high-tech multicomponent widgets in a new factory in Illinois. Your production line has eight different work stations, and each worker operates a computerized assembler. Your assembly method produces a widget every ten minutes. Your new factory is making use of what approach to management?

Classical

What term describes an approach to management that stresses the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently?

Classical approach

Which of the following refers to the design of jobs based on the principles of division of labor and specialization?

Classical approach to job design

What are learning organizations?

Companies that facilitate the learning of their members and continuously transform themselves

Which of the following refers to the intellectual abilities to process information and make accurate decisions about the work group and the job tasks?

Conceptual skills

What term describes the suggestion that successful leadership requires matching leaders with primarily stable leadership styles to the demands of the situation?

Contingency theory

What name is given to the overall condition of the complex interactions of economies throughout the world?

Economic dimension

Which of the following refers to the relationship of people to resources?

Economic forces

Which of the following characteristics relates to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

Effectively merged Canada, the United States, and Mexico into one market of about 400 million consumers by eliminating most tariffs and trade restrictions on agricultural and manufactured products among the three countries

What name is given to the most effective managers, who engage in both dimensions of leadership behaviors by getting employees involved in the operation of their departments or divisions in a positive and constructive manner, setting general goals, providing fairly loose supervision, and recognizing employees' contributions?

Employee-centered leaders

Which of the following refers to the tendency to persist with a failing course of action?

Escalation of commitment

Which of the following characteristics relates to the World Bank?

Established and supported by the industrialized nations in 1946 to loan money to underdeveloped and developing countries

Which of the following refers to an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity that requires a person or organization to choose among several actions that may be evaluated as ethical or unethical?

Ethical issue

Which of the following refers to a comprehensive evaluation of a firm's ethics and compliance program and its ethical decisions used to determine whether the program is effective?

Ethics audit

Which of the following refers to an economic and political union of 28 member nations that are located primarily in Europe?

European Union (EU)

What name is given to the ratio at which one nation's currency can be exchanged for another nation's currency or for gold?

Exchange rate

If a leader wants a high degree of commitment from his or her subordinates, which sources of power are most likely to lead to that?

Expert, referent, and charismatic

Which of the following refers to all of the factors outside the organization that may affect the managers' actions?

External environment

The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was

Frank Gilbreth

You watch a painter paint a house, and you videotape her movements. Later, you make specific recommendations for reducing her painting motions so she can be more efficient, and you also design a movable ladder for her to reduce fatigue. You are a disciple of

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

The fact that U.S. businesses now frequently engage in international trading relations is an illustration of what dimension of the general environment?

Global

What term is used to describe the product life cycle stage characterized by dramatic increases in the product's market share?

Growth

The management professor who actually followed managers for several days and took detailed notes about the purpose of all their activities was

Henry Mintzberg

What name is given to the order in which people strive to satisfy the five basic needs as theorized by Maslow—physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization?

Hierarchy of needs

Understanding external factors is important to managers, equally important is knowing ____________.

How to respond to the factors.

Which of the following refers to a practice whereby employees came to be viewed as informal groups of their own, with their own leadership and codes of behavior, instead of as just unrelated individual workers assigned to perform individual tasks?

Human-relations movement

_____ of a plan is where the organization goes from the "thinking" mode to the "doing" mode.

Implementation

Also known as moral philosophies, what term describes sets of principles that describe what a person believes are the right way to behave?

Individual values

What term describes activities--including reporting, preparing data analyses, briefings, delivering mail, emailing, websites, and making telephone calls--that focus on data important for the decisions the manager needs to make?

Informational roles

Because many countries do not permit foreigners to purchase and operate facilities in their countries, a company wishing to do business in such a country may share the business costs with the host country by forming a

Joint venture

What name is given to individuals who work primarily with information or who develop and use knowledge in the workplace?

Knowledge workers

What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges?

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

Which of the following refers to a systematic statement, based on observations, of how the management process might best occur, given stated underlying principles?

Management theory

What name is given the transfer of manufacturing or other functions (such as data processing) to countries where labor and supplies are less expensive?

Outsourcing

The company that was founded on with strong CSR principles is

Patagonia

Which of the following characteristics best relates to resources?

People, equipment, finances, and data used by an organization to reach its objectives

____ coined the term management by objectives in his 1954 work Practice of Management.

Peter Drucker

Which of the following refers to a set of activities intended to achieve goals, whether for an entire organization, department, or an individual?

Plan

An American firm's refusal to enter into a binding contract with a Russian oil firm because of the lack of clarity of Russian law in this area is based on the American firm's analysis of which dimension of the general environment?

Political-legal dimension

Which of the following characteristics relates to information power?

Power that is a result of having access to important information that is not common knowledge, or of having the ability to control the flow of information to and from others

Which of the following refers to those who have a formal and/or contractual relationship with the firm, such as customers, suppliers, employees, regulators, investors, and communities?

Primary stakeholders

Which of the following characteristics relates to business ethics?

Principles, values, and codes of conduct that define acceptable behavior in business

What name is given to an interpretation of the purpose of life, stating that, instead of merely waiting on earth for release into the next world, people should pursue an occupation and engage in high levels of worldly activity so that they can fulfill their calling?

Protestant ethic

What name is given to personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another?

Referent power

What name is given to the evaluation of the organization's internal strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats associated with the business's external environment?

SWOT analysis

What name is given to a theory within the classical approach that focuses on the improvement of operational efficiencies through the systematic and scientific study of work methods, tools, and performance standards?

Scientific management

What term describes groups that have a less formal connection to the organization, such as environmentalists, special interest groups, and the media?

Secondary stakeholders

What is meant by interpersonal skills?

Skills such as communication, listening, conflict resolution, and leading that are necessary to work with others

What is the theory that states that employees learn not only through direct experience but also through observation and personal qualities?

Social learning theory

What name is given to the obligation a business assumes to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society?

Social responsibility

The Hotfoot and Too-Too tribes in Russylvania, a desperately poor nation, engage in a bloody civil war for territory. The total population of Russylvania is ten million, and the area of the country is ten thousand square miles. Population is increasing by 10 percent a year. The civil war is really

a symptom of a problem

What is meant by brainstorming?

a technique in which group members spontaneously suggest ideas to solve a problem

A managerial decision becomes an ethical issue when

accepted rules no longer apply, and the person must use his or her own moral standards.

Both Henri Fayol and Max Weber were major contributors to the classical approach to management known as

administrative management

Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power?

affiliative power

An important reason why channel selection becomes a personal barrier to communication effectiveness is that some individuals

always seem to lean toward a particular channel

In SWOT analysis, an environmental circumstance that is potentially beneficial for the firm is called

an opportunity

In an organizational chart, the higher the level of the box in the chart, the higher the level of

authority

What term describes the pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions?

centralization

What name is given to the medium or method used to transmit the intended information and meaning (such as leaving an email or telling a person face to face)?

channel

Subordinate resistance to the use of power is most likely when which of the following sources of power is used?

coercive

A positive contribution of the informal relationships in the organization's operation is

communication and interaction

A __________orientation type of control system requires that employees learn and pledge to a specific type of conduct.

compliance

Within a ____________orientation type of control system, when employees understand that their behaviors will be met with consequences, either good or bad, they have little opportunity for ambiguous personal interpretation of how they should act within the company.

compliance

What term describes a person's faith that his or her decisions are reliable and good?

confidence

Two factors that go hand in hand in managerial decision making and may have positive or disastrous organizational effects are

confidence and risk propensity

Motivational theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs, and then seek to identify what those needs are, are called

content theories

When the manager of the accounting department has the knowledge to answer his employees' questions about current tax regulations, he is displaying

technical skills

The birth of the human relations approach to motivation can be traced to

the Hawthorne studies.

You work 90 hours a week because you are afraid of what will happen to you in the next life if you don't. You are a modern apostle of

the Protestant ethic

Your employees call you "The Computer." Your favorite saying is, "Just the facts, ma'am." You believe that knowledge is power. Your favorite decision-making model is

the classical model

Strategic planning differs from general planning in that it focuses on

the external environment and long-term goals

In a decision making situation where the decision maker satisfices,

the first satisfactory alternative is chosen.

Your fellow employees regularly take home company supplies such as paper, pens, tape, and glue for their personal use. Although you feel it is wrong to do so, you begin taking home company supplies too. The strongest influence on your behavior is

the overall moral climate of your organization.

The most accurate definition of the technological dimension of the general environment is

the process of changing inputs to outputs

A major criticism of the classical theories of management has been that they were

too narrowly focused on work and efficiency and ignored human needs

What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission?

transformational leadership

The behavioral approach to management is most concerned with

understanding the importance of human needs, behavior, and attitudes in organizations

In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce

undesirable long-term side effects

The role of management in fostering ethical behavior in an organization is extremely important because managers

who ask employees to do something wrong have a powerful influence

According to research, the most important factor affecting daily ethical decisions at work is the

work group or the perceived ethicalness of the work group

You own a computer company, and you launch a joint venture with a competitor to create a new super-speed tablet. Unfortunately, you do not realize that your operating system is totally incompatible with that of the other company's, and the new venture fails miserably. This is the result of

your failure to cope with the technological dimension of the general environment