Management: Motivation
The behavior modification theory emphasizes which of the following?
Behaviors are functions of their consequences.
The Vroom expectancy theory of motivation addresses which of the following issues?
Felt needs cause human behavior, and motivation strength depends on an individual's degree of desire to perform a behavior
__________ relates to the normal functioning of the body and includes the desires for water, food, rest, and sex.
Physiological need
__________ refers to the desire to maximize whatever potential an individual possesses.
Self-actualization need
The needs-goal theory of motivation begins with an individual feeling?
a need.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for respect is?
an esteem need.
The process theory of motivation is __________.
an explanation of motivation that emphasizes how individuals are motivated
The security or safety need relates to an individual's desire to be?
free from harm, including both bodily harm and economic disaster.
Job rotation is:
implemented based on the belief that workers who move from job to job, rather than performing only one simple and specialized job over the long term, are not bored.
The Porter-Lawler motivation theory stresses ?
intrinsic reward—that is, the perceived value of a reward comes from performing the task and resulting in satisfaction—and the extrinsic reward is extraneous to the task. This need is then transformed into behavior directed at supporting, or allowing, the performance of goal behavior to reduce the felt need.
Theory X involves:
negative assumptions about people.
Physiological need relates to the?
normal functioning of the body and includes the desire for water, food, rest, and sex.
The need for growth is a(n) __________.
self-actualization need
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is an example of a physiological need?
shelter
Theory Z states:
that managers who use either Theory X or Theory Y when dealing with people can be successful, depending upon the situation.
Equity theory states?
that perceived inequities of an employment situation lead to changes in behavior.
An individual's satisfaction is not influenced by:
the perceived fairness of a given reward is not part of the Porter-Lawler motivation theory.
Job enrichment is __________.
the process of incorporating motivators into a job situation
Which of the following is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter-Lawler theory?
An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task.
A company stock ownership plan is an example of which kind of motivation?
Monetary incentive
A person's desire to be accepted by others is?
a social need. The social need includes the desire for love, companionship, and friendship.
Job design is __________.
a strategy that managers can use to motivate organization members that involves designing jobs that organization members perform
McGregor's theories of motivation are based on __________.
assumptions about human nature
The __________ theory emphasizes that behaviors are functions of their consequences.
behavior modification
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for respect is known as __________.
esteem need
According to McGregor's Theory Y, workers __________.
exercise self-direction and self-control in meeting their objectives.
An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her perception of?
how others see him or her is not part of the Porter-Lawler motivation theory.
In order to overcome the boredom of doing simple jobs, a manager may increase the number of operations an individual performs, which is known as __________.
job enlargement
An individual's behavior is determined by the motivation to fulfill his or her?
personal needs is not part of the Porter-Lawler motivation theory.
According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the basic category of existence need reflects an individual's need for __________.
physical well-being
The behavior modification theory emphasizes which of the following?
Behaviors are functions of their consequences. If managers want to modify subordinates' behavior, they must ensure that appropriate consequences occur as a result of that behavior.
Which of the following is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter-Lawler theory?
An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task. An individual's effectiveness is determined by his or her ability to perform a task is a characteristic of the motivation process stressed by the Porter-Lawler theory. The individual's perception of what is required to perform the task also is a characteristic of the theory, as are the perceived value of a reward is determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards that result in need satisfaction when a task is completed and the perceived fairness of a reward influences the amount of satisfaction produced by that reward.
