Management Quiz 2/Learn Smart Part 2
__________ tends to be achievement oriented, and ___________ tends to be more nurturing-oriented
The United States; Denmark
societies that have a high tolerance for the unequal distribution of power have __________
a high power distance
to take advantage of national differences int he cost and quality of resources such as labor or raw materials, global outsourcing has what?
grown enormously
a __________ of social stratification results in many distinctions among individuals and groups
high degree
generally, societies that value conformity to norms and prefer structured situations are _________ uncertainty avoidance
high on
the general environment is made up of which of the following wide-ranging forces that affect an organization?
political-legal, sociocultural, economic, technological
the degree to which societies accept the inequalities of power or well-being of citizen is known as __________
power distance
free-trade areas provide opportunities for manufacturing organizations because they allow manufacturers to __________ their costs
reduce
while tariffs are intended to protect industries and jobs, they can ultimately __________
reduce employment and undermine the economic growth
increased opportunities and threats for managers are created by agreements such as NAFTA, which is an example of a(n) ___________ agreement
regional free-trade
the path of globalization is primarily shaped by the flow of capital, the valuable wealth-generating assets or resources that people move through companies, countries, and world regions to ____________
seek their greatest returns or profits
the violation of mores brings ________
serious reputation
the arrangement of relationships between individuals and groups in a society refers to ___________
social structure
pressures emanating from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture, such as the concern for diversity, are ______ forces
sociocultural
differences in the social structures of countries result in greater or lesser amounts of social ___________
stratification
when managing a global network of suppliers, large global companies typically __________
struggle to keep costs down and quality high
individuals and organizations that provide an organization with the input resources it needs to produce goods and services are _______
suppliers
finding high-quality products at a low cost through a network of suppliers is a part of the process of global _______ management
supply chain
a government tax on imports or, occasionally, on exports is a(n) ______-
tariff
increased competition forces an organization to focus specifically on their __________ environment
task
the _______________ environment is the environment most immediately effects managers and contains the set of forces and conditions that originate with global suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors
task
outcomes of changes in the technology that managers use to design, produce, or distribute goods and services are called ___________ forces
technological
many things have become obsolete, such as typewriters and buggy whips, as a result of innovative __________-
technology
in order to eliminate tariffs between the United States and Central America, __________ was created
the CAFTA
Which of the following would be seen as a stepping stone toward establishing a Free Trade of the Americas agreement?
the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)
GATT was an international treaty established after World War 11 dedicated to removing barriers to free trade. The letters stand for ______
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
the prediction that if each country agrees to specialize in the production of the goods and services that it can produce most efficiently, this will make the best use of global capital resources and will result in lower prices is a definition of _________ doctrine
the free-trade
when the barriers to trade and investment are lowered, a manager's job becomes more challenging because __________
the intensity of competition in the market increases
it is easier for companies to coordinate complicated purchasing exchanges using what?
the internet and information technology
economic forces produce many ______________ for managers
threats and opportunities
because differences among national cultures have important implications for managers, often management practices must be tailored _______________
to suit the cultural contexts within which an organization operates
true or false: technology in the combination of tools, machines, computers, skills, information and knowledge that managers use in the design, production, and distribution of goods and services
true
true or false: the set of values that a society considers important is part of their national culture
true
a society's core beliefs and ideas about what is believed to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful are _______
values
what are the main barriers to entry facing competitors in a task environment?
-brand loyalty -economies of scale -government regulations
as a result of falling trade barriers, managers view the global environment as open- that is, as an environment in which companies are free to _________ whichever companies and countries they choose
-buy goods and services from -sell goods and services to
economies of scale result from factors such as?
-buying inputs in bulk -manufacturing products in very large quantities
when considering the political and legal forces in the environment, in the industrialized world, there has been a strong trend toward what?
-deregulation of industries previously controlled by the state -privatization of organizations once owned by the state
which of the following opportunities come from expansion into the global environment
-development of global products -many new customers -access to lower-cost and/or higher quality global suppliers
managers today compete in a truly global marketplace. Which of the following are challenges managers face as a result of this global competition?
-establishing operations in a foreign country -managing in a different national culture -obtaining inputs from foreign suppliers
national culture shapes individual behavior by specifying
-interaction with others -inappropriate behavior -appropriate behavior
differences among national cultures have important implications for managers. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of these implications?
-managers must be sensitive to the value system and norms of the country in which they are operating -management practices that are effective in one country might not be effective in another -management practices must be tailored to suit the cultural contexts
economies of scale result from actors such as
-manufacturing products in very large quantities -buying inputs in bulk
the model of national culture that was developed by Hofstede, includes the dimensions along which national cultures can be placed. These include:
-power distance -uncertainty avoidance -individualism versus collectivism
high levels of rivalry result in what?
-price competition -reduced profits -decreased prices
while tariffs are intended to protect industries and jobs, they can ultimately ____________
-reduce employment -undermine the economic growth
which of the following are barriers to entry in the airline industry?
-regulations that impact domestic vs international airline ownership -cost of purchasing replacement parts that are required for aircraft maintenance -dependence on oil and OPEC's influence on fuel prices
with the establishment of free trade areas, businesses are able to reduce their costs by __________
-shifting production to the lowest-cost location -by serving the whole region fro one location
the higher the barriers to entry in a market, _________
-the more difficult it is to enter the task environment -the fewer competitors there will be in the task environment
which of the following countries formed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mexico, the United States, Canada
those national cultures that value assertiveness and competition have a(n) ___________ orientation
achievement
the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk is called uncertainty ___________
avoidance
the growth of commercial jet travel would be an example of an innovation in transportation technology which helps to reduce __________
barriers of distance and culture
a customer's preference for the product of a particular company is what?
brand loyalty
large distributors can force manufacturers to lower their prices because their size allows them to control customers' access to what?
goods and services
human, financial, resource, and political are the four principal forms of __________ that flow between countries
capital
worsening macroeconomic conditions limit managers' ability to gain access to:
capital
the view that people should put group goals ahead of individual goals is called:
collectivism
organizations that are not in a task environment but could enter if they chose to are known as potential _____________
competitors
organizations that produce goods and services that are similar to a particular organization's goods and services are known as what?
competitors
the overall pace of technological change has accelerated in the last decades because advances in _____________ have spurred technological advances
computer hardware, computer software, microprocessors
individuals and groups that buy the goods and services an organization produces are known as what?
customers
changes in specific characteristics that define populations such as age, gender, and sexual orientation are all examples of ____________ forces
demographic
a political or legal force that can lead to increased competition in the task environment is what?
deregulation
a political or legal force that can lead to increased competition int he task environment is _________
deregulation
if established organizations enjoy significant brand loyalty, a new entrant will find it ________ to obtain a share of the market
difficult and costly
organizations that help other organizations sell their goods and services to customers is a ___________
distributor
forces that affect the general health and well-being of a nation or the regional economy of an organization such as interest rates, inflation, unemployment are ____________ forces
economic
_____________ are the cost advantages associated with large operations
economies of scale
true or false: the higher the barriers to entry, the more competitors there will be in the task environment
false
many people are working well into their traditional retirement years due to what?
financial strain
the principal forms of capital are:
financial, human, political, and resource
routine social conventions of everyday life, such as dressing appropriately for particular situations and good manners, are __________
folkways
generally, when one country imposes an import tariff, other countries _________
follow suit in an almost retaliatory manner
a set of forces and conditions in the world outside an organization's boundary that affect how it operates and shape its behavior is called the _________ environment
global
an organization that operates and competes in more than one country is a(n) __________ organization
global
as a result of __________, nations and peoples have become increasingly interdependent because the same forces affect them in similar ways
globalization
the set of specific and general forces that work together to integrate and connect economic, political, and social systems across countries, or geographic regions so that nations becoming increasingly independent and similar is known as ____________
globalization
a worldview that values self-expression and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their own achievements rather than by their social background is in Hofstede's model referred to as?
individualism
according to Hofstede's model of national culture, ________ captures the extent to which members of a given culture value personal accomplishment, whereas __________ focuses on people's contribution to the group
individualism; collectivism
the United States is a country that values the rights of the individuals; in Japan, there is a strong identification with the group. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, the United States is a(n) _________ culture and Japan is a(n) ___________ culture
individualist; collectivist
operating in a global environment is uncertain and unpredictable because the environment ________
is complex and constantly changing
external influences within the general environment include ________ forces
legal, political, economic
according to Hofstede, a ___________ orientation is a worldview that values thrift and persistence in achieving goods
long-term
low rivalry and among competitors results in a task environment where competitive pressures are:
moderate and managers have more access to the resources they need
due to differences between ___________ cultures, management practices that are effective in one country may not be as effective in another
national
the unwritten codes of conduct describing appropriate behavior in certain situations are known as?
norms
managers doing business in a foreign country must be especially sensitive to _________ of that country
norms and the value systems
managers doing business in a foreign country must be especially sensitive to __________ of that country
norms and the value systems
social structure involves relationships between people and groups where national culture is the set of values a society considers important and the ______ that are approved or sanctioned in that society
norms of behavior
a worldview that values quality of life and personal friendships is known as:
nurturing orientation
forces in the task environment result from the actions of suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors both at home and abroad and affect a manager's ability to _______
obtain resources and dispose of outputs
both national and international laws constrain the operations of organizations and managers and thus create __________
opportunities and threats
changes in the number and types of customers, or in customers' tastes and needs, create what?
opportunities and threats
regional trade agreements, like NAFTA and CAFTA, present increased __________ for managers
opportunities and threats
it is important that managers recognize the ____________ managing the global supply chain
opportunities associated with and threats associated with
the purchase of inputs from overseas suppliers to lower production costs is known as global ___________
outsourcing
low levels of unemployment and falling interest rates give:
people more money to spend
short-term orientation is concerned with what?
personal stability, living for the present, happiness
outcomes of changes in laws and regulation, such as privatization of services once provided by the government, are
political or legal forces
