manifest destiny

Davy Crocket

A congressman from Tennessee who was eventually killed by Santa Anna's troops at the Alamo during Texas' war for independence from Mexico.

pre-emption act of 1830

A law which stated that squatters could stake out claims ahead of the land surveys and later get 160 acres at the minimum price of $1.25 per acre.

San Jacinto

A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. Mexicans - 1,500 dead, 1,000 captured. Texans - 4 dead.

Mountain Men

American adventurers and fur trappers who spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains, Trappers and explorers who opened up the western pioneer trails

Native Americans on the Great Plains feared the increasing glow of American settlers across their hunting grounds would disrupt the age old wanderings of the

Buffalo Herds

Mormons (smith and young)

Church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT

William B. Travis

Commander of the Texans at the Alamo

Stephen W. Kearney

General in the Mexican-American conflict who captured Santa Fe in 1846 with seventeen hundred troops.

Zachary Taylor

General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States. Sent by president Polk to lead the American Army against Mexico at Rio Grande, but defeated.

John Sutter

German immigrant whose trading post was an important stopping point on toad to California

The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by

Henry Clay

John Louis O'Sullivan

Magazine editor who coined the term "Manifest Destiny"

Which of the following was true of the Texas Revolution

Many Mexican tejanos joined with the Anglo-Americans to fight or independence

Which of the following would most likely have expressed opposition to the idea of Manifest Destiny?

Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War

Tejanos

Mexican residents of Texas. Many fought with the Americans in the Revolution, but after Texas was independent, the Americans didn't trust them. They drove them out of Texas

Parts of Oregon were claimed at one time or another by all of the following except

Mexico

The most popular east-west passage across the country used by emigrants was the

Oregon Trail

Empressarios

People who agreed to recruit settlers to Texas for Spain in the early 1800s

President Polk replaced Zachary Taylor with Winfield Scott as commander of forces in Mexico because

Polk saw Taylor as a potential rival in the 1848 election

Nicholas Trist

Sent as a special envoy by President Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate an end to the Mexican War.

Goliad

Texas outpost where American volunteers, having laid down their arms and surrendered, were massacred by Mexican forces in 1836. The incident, along with the slaughter at the Alamo, fueled American support for Texan independence.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

Rio Grande

What America said was border

Nueces River

What Mexicans said was border

The first settlers who moved to Texas were motivated by

a desire for land to cultivate cotton

James K Polk

a former Congressman and governor of Tennessee who promised to annex T, OR, and CA appealing to all to maintain delicate balance btwn free and slave states

Jim Bridger

a mountain man-- JB

Bear Flag Republic

aka the California republic; the result of a revolt by Americans on June 14, 1846, in the town of Sonoma against the authorities of the Mexican province of California; the Republic lasted less than a month. The republic eventually became the present-day state of California.

the Alamo

an abandoned Spanish mission where a small force of Texans held off the Mexican army for 13 days

Annexation was the process by which Texas

became part of the United States

Mexico invited Americans and other foreigners to settle in Texas

because Mexico could not persuade its own citizens to move closer to Native Americans

The Preemption Act of 1830 allowed people who had settled on the land illegally to

buy land from the government for a minimum price

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

captured in the Battle of San Jacinto, was a Mexican general and dictator, who dominated Mexican politics for a quarter of a century. He was elected president, but didn't serve; instead he overthrew the government and established himself as a dictator. He commanded the Mexican army that stormed The Alamo during the Texas Revolution of 1835 and 1836 and killed all 187 defenders, but he was shortly afterward defeated and captured by Sam Houston's Texans.

Mountain men played a vital role in western settlement because they

carved out several east-to-west passages the wagon trains followed

In the 1844 presidential race, former president martin Van Buren lost his party's nomination because he

did not support annexation/ did not take a stand on annexation

John Deere

engineered a plow with slick, sharp-edged blades that cut thru the sod of the grasslands

Utah was settled bu people seeking mainly

escape from religious persecution

The American claim to Oregon rested primarily on prior American exploration; the British claim was based on

essentially the same ground

Under the National Colonization Act, Mexico gave 26 empresarios large grants of Texas land in exchange FOR a promise to

fill the land with a number of settlers

After winning independence from Mexico, most Teans voted

for annexation

henry clay

front runner and senator for Whig nomination in election of 1844; supported annexation of TX as long as it did not cause war with Mexico--lost antislavery Whig voters causing loss of election

Winfield Scott

general who invaded central Mexico, fighting ends when he captured Mexico City in 1847.

President Polk provoked a war with Mexico

in order to acquire New Mexico and California, by sending General Zachary Taylor and four thousand soldiers to patrol the Rio Grande, by encouraged settlers in Monterey, Califonia to dream of US annexation (fremont)

Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas?

it encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's

According to Mexican law in the early 1820's, immigrants had to meet all of the folowing requirements EXCEPT

learn to speak Spanish

Brigham Young

led the Mormons west to escape further persectution

Midwestern Agriculture received a boost from both the plow and invention patented by Cyrus McCormick called the

mechanical reaper

The Bear Flag Republic came to and to an end when United States troops

occupied San Francisco and San Diego

Jim Bowie

one of the men present at the Alamo; was famous for carrying around a big knife, fell off the battlements during the siege and spent much of the siege in the infirmary

Jim Bridger

one of the so called mountain men

Kit Carson

one of the so called mountain men

John C Fremont

ordered to document and survey the west. His descriptions were to make the West look as nice as possible. His famous stories (e.g. Pathfinder) glorified the West and all the abundance of land and possible wealth

Deseret

original name for Mormon settlement in Utah

squatter

people who settled on lands they did not own

overlanders

people who traveled in wagon trains to settle in the west

The Donner Party tried to survive by

resorting to cannibalism

President Tyler, in support of annexation of Texas showed Congress a letter written by john C. Calhoun that contained a fierce defense of

slavery

the term Manifest Destiny implies

that it was America's God given right to expand

Which of the following decision by the Mexican government angered Americans who settled in Texas?

the Mexican government restricted trade with the United States and blocked the importation of slaves

All of the following are stipulations of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo EXCEPT

the US agreed that the new territory would not have slavery

Americans generally did not settle west of the Missouri and Arkansas in the 1820's and 1830's because

the area seemed unsuited for settlement

"Fifty-four or fight" refers to

the dispute between Britain and the US over the Oregon territory

Reasons for the revived interest in territorial expansion in the 1840's included all EXCEPT

the elimination as Britain as a threat to expansion

Sam Houston

the first president of the Republic of Texas, former Tennessee governor whose victory at San Jacinto in 1836 won Texas its independence

How did the Mormons' quest for religious freedom differ from the Puritans' quest?

they faced no opposition

The Mexican Government imprisoned Stephen Austin for

treason

An uprising by the settlers in northern California resulted in

victory for the settlers, who declared the region an independent republic

Stephen Austin

went to known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.

The Treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo ending the Mexican War left Americans with all the following problems EXCEPT

whether to compensate Mexico for the territories taken away by the treaty