Marieb Ch. 24

true

Before lipids can be metabolized, the fatty acids must undergo beta oxidation to be converted into two-carbon acetic acid fragments.

true

Calcium is a mineral.

obtained from an outside source

Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are:

glucose

Exclusive energy source for neurons

true

Fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.

true

Fermentation occurs when oxygen is NOT available.

false

Gluconeogenesis occurs during cell respiration in the mitochondria.

false

In glycolysis, glucose is initially cleaved into three, two-carbon groups.

two

In glycolysis, glucose must be activated with the use of how many ATP molecules?

true

In order for amino acids to be converted into lipids, they must be deaminated.

oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by:

false

Most required nutrients can be obtained by eating bread and meats.

visual pigments

One function of vitamin A is to:

true

Oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to chemiosmosis.

cholesterol

Serves as a precursor to hormones and maintains the fluidity of the plasma membrane

false

The Krebs cycle is the partial breakdown of pyruvic acid.

true

The body's overall rate of energy output is called the basal metabolic rate.

O2

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is _____.

glycogenesis

The formation of glycogen to store glucose

thyroxine

The hormone responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate is:

insulin

The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is:

true

The major function of HDL is to transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.

BMI

The official medical measurement of obesity is the:

Gluconeogenesis

The process of forming new glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules

high density lipoproteins

The role of _____________ is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.

false

The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to combine with carbon during the Krebs cycle.

mitochondrial inner membrane (cristea)

The site of electron transport is the:

Beta oxidation

The start phase of fatty acid breakdown

hypothalamus

The thermoregulatory center is located in the:

Lipogenesis

Triglyceride synthesis

protein

Used to build enzymes

false

When blood glucose levels fall, glucagon is released and causes glycogenesis.

NAD

Which coenzymes are reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

chromium

Which element below is considered a trace mineral?

LDL

Which lipoprotein contains high levels of cholesterol?

K

Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is not stored in the body?

vitamins

function as coenzymes in the body.

postabsorptive

glycogen is broken down to release glucose in what state?

absorptive

insulin serves as the regulatory hormone in what state?

cyanide

interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain.

final product of glycolysis

two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP.

mobilize glucose reserves by glucogenolysis

A function of the liver during the post-absorptive state is to:

one kg of water one Celsius degree

A kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to:

high lipid content

A low-density lipoprotein would contain:

vasoconstriction

A major means for conserving heat is:

an amino acid

A nutritionally incomplete protein lacks:

negative nitrogen balance

A person who is starving is likely to exhibit:

minerals

An example is calcium

true

Anabolism is a building process in which larger molecules are built from smaller ones, while catabolism is a tearing down process in which complex structures are degraded to simpler ones.

ammonia; urea

As proteins are broken down for energy______ is generated; the liver then converts this potentially toxic intermediate into______.

true

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an antioxidant.

vitamins

Can function as coenzymes

false

Conduction is the same as radiation heat loss.

gluconeogenesis

During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by:

loss of bone mass

Prolonged high protein intake can lead to:

Glycogenolysis

The cleavage of glycogen to release glucose

increase in fat cell alpha receptors

Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight?

Minerals

Which of the following is a micronutrient (that is, a nutrient required in minute amounts), not a major nutrient?

shivering

Which of the following is a physiological response to hypothermia?

cellular respiration

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

leptin

Which of the following is considered a long-term regulator of food intake?

BMR

Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs to maintain life?

coenzymes accept hydrogen

Which of the following statements about a "redox" reaction is correct?

beta carotene

Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin?

eating a large meal

Which of the following would raise body temperature?

HDL

______ is considered "good" cholesterol; high blood levels of this cholesterol are thought to be beneficial.

leptin, neuro peptide Y

___________ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting _____, which is the most-powerful known appetite stimulant.