Marieb Ch. 24
true
Before lipids can be metabolized, the fatty acids must undergo beta oxidation to be converted into two-carbon acetic acid fragments.
true
Calcium is a mineral.
obtained from an outside source
Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are:
glucose
Exclusive energy source for neurons
true
Fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.
true
Fermentation occurs when oxygen is NOT available.
false
Gluconeogenesis occurs during cell respiration in the mitochondria.
false
In glycolysis, glucose is initially cleaved into three, two-carbon groups.
two
In glycolysis, glucose must be activated with the use of how many ATP molecules?
true
In order for amino acids to be converted into lipids, they must be deaminated.
oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport
Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by:
false
Most required nutrients can be obtained by eating bread and meats.
visual pigments
One function of vitamin A is to:
true
Oxidative phosphorylation is coupled to chemiosmosis.
cholesterol
Serves as a precursor to hormones and maintains the fluidity of the plasma membrane
false
The Krebs cycle is the partial breakdown of pyruvic acid.
true
The body's overall rate of energy output is called the basal metabolic rate.
O2
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is _____.
glycogenesis
The formation of glycogen to store glucose
thyroxine
The hormone responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate is:
insulin
The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is:
true
The major function of HDL is to transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver.
BMI
The official medical measurement of obesity is the:
Gluconeogenesis
The process of forming new glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules
high density lipoproteins
The role of _____________ is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.
false
The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to combine with carbon during the Krebs cycle.
mitochondrial inner membrane (cristea)
The site of electron transport is the:
Beta oxidation
The start phase of fatty acid breakdown
hypothalamus
The thermoregulatory center is located in the:
Lipogenesis
Triglyceride synthesis
protein
Used to build enzymes
false
When blood glucose levels fall, glucagon is released and causes glycogenesis.
NAD
Which coenzymes are reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
chromium
Which element below is considered a trace mineral?
LDL
Which lipoprotein contains high levels of cholesterol?
K
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is not stored in the body?
vitamins
function as coenzymes in the body.
postabsorptive
glycogen is broken down to release glucose in what state?
absorptive
insulin serves as the regulatory hormone in what state?
cyanide
interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain.
final product of glycolysis
two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP.
mobilize glucose reserves by glucogenolysis
A function of the liver during the post-absorptive state is to:
one kg of water one Celsius degree
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to:
high lipid content
A low-density lipoprotein would contain:
vasoconstriction
A major means for conserving heat is:
an amino acid
A nutritionally incomplete protein lacks:
negative nitrogen balance
A person who is starving is likely to exhibit:
minerals
An example is calcium
true
Anabolism is a building process in which larger molecules are built from smaller ones, while catabolism is a tearing down process in which complex structures are degraded to simpler ones.
ammonia; urea
As proteins are broken down for energy______ is generated; the liver then converts this potentially toxic intermediate into______.
true
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an antioxidant.
vitamins
Can function as coenzymes
false
Conduction is the same as radiation heat loss.
gluconeogenesis
During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by:
loss of bone mass
Prolonged high protein intake can lead to:
Glycogenolysis
The cleavage of glycogen to release glucose
increase in fat cell alpha receptors
Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight?
Minerals
Which of the following is a micronutrient (that is, a nutrient required in minute amounts), not a major nutrient?
shivering
Which of the following is a physiological response to hypothermia?
cellular respiration
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
leptin
Which of the following is considered a long-term regulator of food intake?
BMR
Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs to maintain life?
coenzymes accept hydrogen
Which of the following statements about a "redox" reaction is correct?
beta carotene
Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin?
eating a large meal
Which of the following would raise body temperature?
HDL
______ is considered "good" cholesterol; high blood levels of this cholesterol are thought to be beneficial.
leptin, neuro peptide Y
___________ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting _____, which is the most-powerful known appetite stimulant.