Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture - Chapter 2

How do addressable technologies affect audience unity?

They make audiences increasingly fragmented

What is one potential benefit of globalization for media audiences?

Through the exchange of their different media, different cultures can learn from one another.

Apps

Types of Software in a Mobile Device like your smartphone or tablet

Brand Entertainment

When commercials are part of and essential to a piece of media content Example: Appearance of the Pontiac Solstice sports car as a "character" on the tv show The Apprentice.

Oligopoly

a media system whose operation is dominated by a few large companies

RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

aggregators allowing Web users to create their own content assembled from the Internet's limitless supply of material

People who have no preference for how they access media content are reffered to as being platform...

agnostic

Narrowcasting

aiming broadcast programming at smaller, more demographically homogeneous audiences

Niche Marketing

aiming media content or consumer products at smaller, more demographically homogeneous audiences

Targeting

aiming media content or consumer products at smaller, more specific audiences

Cost of Entry

amount of money necessary to begin media content production

Meme

an online idea or image that is repeatedly, copied, manipulated, and shared

Appointment Consumption

audiences consumer content at a time predetermined by the producer and distributor

Audience Fragmentation

audiences for specific media content becoming smaller and increasingly homogeneous in other words, the audience becomes less of a mass audience and its individual segments become more narrowly

Electronic Sell-Through (EST)

buying of digital download movies Now that lesser people purchase/rent DVDs/VHSs. In fact, they mainly buy it from the internet.

News Deserts

communities starved for news vital to their existences due to a lack of journalistic resources

Economies of Scale

concept that relative cost declines as the size of the endeavor grows

When Dan Rather stated that "The larger the entities that own and control the news operaations, the more distant they become," he was alluding to the idea that...

conglomeration has made news outlets more responsible to the profit motive than to news reporting

From 2015 to 2016, US magazine industry revenue...

declined

In the past 15 years, the share of all TV viewing commanded by the four major TV broadcast networks has...

declined significantly

Since 2001, listenership to American commercial AM and FM radio has...

fallen

As the characteristics of media consumption have changed, media industries are adjusting to be able to cater to an audience that is...

fragmented into a great number of niches

Taste Public

groups of people or audiences bound by little more than their interest in a given form of media content

Platform Agnostic

having no preference in where media content is accessed as well as due to the audience fragmentation and their tendency with media convergence being occurred

Hypercommercialism

increasing the amount of advertising and mixing commercial and noncommercial media content

Media that cater to a targeted small audience whose members share an important characteristic are practicing __________ marketing

niche

Concentration of Ownership

ownership of different and numerous media companies concentrated in fewer and fewer hands

Globalization

ownership of media companies by multinational corporations

Payola

payment made by recording companies to DJs to air their records

Blog

regularly updated online journals

Day-and-Date Release

releasing a movie in a combination of theater, DVD, download, or video-on-demand simultaneously

Media Multitasking

simultaneously consuming many different kinds of media

Location-Based Mobile Advertising

technology allowing marketers to send targeted ads to people where they are in the moment

Zonecasting

technology allowing radio stations to deliver different commercials to specific neighborhoods

Addressable Technologies

technology permitting the transmission of very specific content to equally specific audience members

Consumption On-Demand

the ability to access any content, anytime, anywhere

Convergence

the erosion of traditional distinctions among media

Conglomeration

the increase in the ownership of media outlets by larger, non-media companies

Product Placement

the integration, for a fee, of specific branded products into media content

Synergy

the use by media conglomerates of as many channels of delivery as possible for similar content

Which of the following is the reason that many telecommunications professionals argue that concentration and conglomeration are necessary?

to maintain the financial strength of media companies and limit the influence of advertisers

Webisode

web-only television show

Wi-Fi

wireless internet

The following examples of the effects of conglomeration:

1. A media outlet does not report on an investigation into financial corruption that mentions the media outlet's parent company 2. A media outlet increases the number of it's stories that have a primarily entertainment value

The following examples of consumers who are content producers:

1. An individual who publishes a blog 2. two friends making a digital video movie 3. a musician releasing her music online

The following possible benefits of audience fragmentation:

1. Audiences may be attracted to social networking sites where they can discuss their feelings and ideas 2. Digital media may allow or more numerous and more varied communities 3. Public discussions of national events will extend beyond friends and neighbors

In what ways is the concentration of ownership of media companies a disaster for democracy, according to Senator Bernie Sanders?

1. Owners do not feel bound to the idea of providing diverse opinions on an issue 2. The function of media companies that control the news has become to make as much money as they possibly can 3. Major media conglomerates are not focused on educating the American people

The following factors have forced media companies to change the way they do business:

1. Rapid change in technology 2. Change in Consumption Behavior

The following examples of how major media organizations have reacted to user-produced content:

1. Some media companies frequently air viewer-created videos 2. Major print and online news organizations often make use of a large network of unpaid contributors 3. Traditional media outlets often make use of content sources that were previously seen as amateurs

The following examples of types of feedback in the traditional model of the mass communication process:

1. Television Program's Rating 2. Magazine's Circulation 3. Box Office Statistics for a Film

The following fueled media convergence:

1. The Digitization of Information 2. High-Speed Connectivity 3. Continual Advancement in Technology

The following statement about music CD sales in recent years are accurate:

1. The dollar value of music CD sales dropped 17% between 2014 and 2015 2. The number of music CDs sold fell 139% between 2014 and 2015

What factor s have enabled consumers, the people formerly known as the audience, to become content providers themselves?

1. The reduce of cost of entry 2. Technological Change

The following examples of consumption on demand:

1. Using a cell phone o access a web video 2. Downloading a song from an Internet music vendor 3. Re-Watching an old television episode on the Internet

The following are general concerns when large, multinational conglomerates make the majority of media acquisitions:

1. With an eye toward an expanding worldwide market, media companies may tailor their content to the widest possible global audience 2. Local media industries and local cultures will be overwhelmed by the programs of large, multinational conglomerates 3. Foreign corporations may try to influence media content to suit their own purposes

Narrow, demographically targeted audiences may be in danger of

1. having narrower cultural experiences 2. losing their ability to connect with members of other demographically targeted audiences

Media consumers are becoming...

1. less of a mass audience 2. more fragmented

How has concentration of ownership of media companies impacted the information that is available to consumers?

Media mergers have limited the range of information available to consumers.

What impact does the number of points of distribution have on the quality of media programming?

More points of distribution increase revenues, which can be used to improve programming

What Statement is true about movie attendance in the US as of 2017?

Only 11% of Americans go to the movies once a month or more.

Platform

Delivering a Specific Piece of Media Content Such as: TV, Books, Newspapers, Internet Streaming, DVD

Enabling the 21st Century Media Producers to find new ways to deliver content to new audience:

Digitization, and the Internet

Which of the following statements about changes in press coverage of government is accurate?

The number of full-time statehouse newspaper journalists has declined considerably since 2003

Which of the following describes characteristics of the way in which in a programming message is delivered in the traditional mass communication process?

The results are finite, with a program either succeeding or failing

Concentration of media ownership has contributed to the emergence of news desert:

1. results in voters who are les politically engaged 2. results in severely limited access to local political news 3. are communities starved for vital news due to a lack of journalistic resources

Which of the following are examples of media convergence?

1. the launch of a film in theaters as well as on-demand via a satellite television provider, on the iPad, and streamed over the Internet 2. the simultaneous release of a music CD in stores, streaming for free on the Internet, and available for temporary download through a music site

What is it about the concentration of media ownership that has contributed to increasing media convergence?

A company with multiple channels of delivery has a strong incentive to employ as many of them as possible to get the greatest use from its content

Which of the following statement regarding the ownership of media companies is accurate?

A small number of large conglomerates own most media outlets