mass media 8-14

The most long-standing business model for selling advertising goes back to entrepreneur Volney B. Palmer, who created the first ad agency in 1841. This model relies on which of the following data points? A. Circulation data and copies of ads B. The "Daisy spot" and close business-client relationships C. Media-billing numbers and standardization D. Cost of ad design and newspaper distribution E. Mass circulation numbers and penny press sales

A. Circulation data and copies of ads

What is the standard unit of advertising rates for publications, based on circulation? A. Cost per thousand (CPM) B. Peak points C. Performance pins D. Desirability icons E. Rating perks

A. Cost per thousand (CPM)

What are the three characteristics that contribute to the success of a persuader, according to the textbook? A. Credibility, authority, and attractiveness B. Guts, risk management, and cleverness C. Attentiveness, wisdom, and a sense of ethics D. Wittiness, business sense, and dry humor E. Chutzpah, charm, and compassion

A. Credibility, authority, and attractiveness

Why is attracting as large an audience as possible the goal for both print and electronic news distribution? A. It means a higher ad rate and more income for the media organization. B. It means that a media organization can win the sweeps period and set a higher ad rate. C. It means no staff cuts and more income for the media organization. D. It means a higher ad rate and the opportunity for the media organization to promote itself as number one. E. It means a bonus for staff and more income for the media organization.

A. It means a higher ad rate and more income for the media organization.

What is the name of the system that broadcast and advertising organizations use to assess the rate for an ad that is intended for a slot on the air? A. Ratings B. Feedback C. Sponsorship D. Cost per thousand audience members E. Search-engine marketing

A. Ratings

Actual malice is defined by the Supreme Court as _____________. A.malicious intent and false statements B.public policy about lies in the press C.a framework for imprisonment measures D.relief to nonpublic figures E.malignant content in the press

A.malicious intent and false statements

Semiotics is the study of ______________. A.signs and symbols B.semiconductors C.astrology D.the genome program E.symbiotic relationships

A.signs and symbols

The meaning of the information society is still being debated by social scientists. Another term that is often used in this context is ______________. A.the knowledge society B.political economy C.the digital divide D.semiotics E.agenda setting

A.the knowledge society

The Hays Code prescribed the proper depiction of film content in ____________ specific areas, including criminal activity, sex, and religion. A.twelve B.fifteen C.five D.eight E.twenty

A.twelve

The rise of 24-hour news channels means what? A. There is much more of a news hole to fill. B. Journalists can demand higher salaries. C. The need for video equipment is less than it was previously. D. Fewer resources are available for media. E. The need for federal regulation is great.

A. There is much more of a news hole to fill.

The goal of objectivity in journalism is increasingly being replaced by what goal? A. Fairness and balance in news coverage B. Framing and the use of expert sources C. Honesty and truthfulness D. Associated Press news values E. An increase in editorial pages

A. fairness and balance in news coverage

Journalist Edward R Murrow is known for what changes in the television news world? A. Setting the television news standard during TV's golden age B. Development of the inverted pyramid style C. The invention of the foundations of journalism D. The invention of television newscasts E. The invention of radio newscasts

A. settling the television news standard during TV's golden age

Hundreds of studies have been conducted and millions of dollars have been spent to investigate the effects of TV violence on children who view it. Among the first of these studies was one that introduced the notion that television had become the new __________. A."Pied Piper" B.mantra C.opiate of the masses D.Holy Grail E.perfume

A."Pied Piper"

The Payne Fund studies also examined radio. In 1927 and 1928, they created the _________, which would use radio to educate children on a variety of subjects. A."School of the Air" B.Wizard of Radio program C.Emerald City project D."Pie in the Sky" E.War of the Airwaves program

A."School of the Air"

The hypodermic-needle model assumes that messages have a profound, direct, and uniform impact on individuals. This model has also been called the _______________ of communication. A."magic bullet" model B.Bobo doll research C.War of the Worlds D.education reform E.movie impulse

A."magic bullet" model

Which experiments were conducted in the 1950s to show that children who were exposed to violent television programming were prone to commit acts of violence themselves? A.The Bobo doll studies B.The Payne Fund experiments C.The Magic Bullet tryouts D.The War of the Worlds Studies E.Hypodermic-needle models

A.The Bobo doll studies

What was one great achievement of the Radio Act of 1927? A.The Federal Radio Commission was created. B.The Paramount decision was legalized. C.Radio stations around the country were combined into one monopoly .D.Church and state were separated in radio broadcasts. E.Radio was established as a key mass communication medium.

A.The Federal Radio Commission was created.

What is media ecology? A.The study of media environments and how they may affect people and society B.Research on greenwashing by multinational corporations C.The study of global media mergers D.The study of the universe E.The interdependence between media and the natural sciences

A.The study of media environments and how they may affect people and society

The ethics of care, also called ________, challenges many of the traditional ethical systems and speaks to issues in modern society and communication. A.feminist ethics B.dialogical ethics C.the categorical imperative D.moral relativism E.utilitarianism

A.feminist ethics

Media theorists have profoundly affected contemporary society in a number of ways, including the use of framing as a way to ______________. A.make sense of the world B.help consumers making smart buying decisions C.generate new faculty positions at state universities D.identify deep thinkers in our world E.obtain government funding for tablet programs

A.make sense of the world

Strategic communications argue that merely creating awareness of a product is not enough to entice consumers to purchase it. Instead, the media have to play a crucial role of ____________. This is often linked to trust and trustworthiness. Celebrities are often given the responsibility of introducing new products to audiences in order to create an atmosphere of credibility. A. Triggering desire B. Persuasion C. Provoking need D. Establishing new styles and perceived desirability E. Manipulation

B. Persuasion

Once television conquered the American media market, commercials quickly became a mainstay on the air. In 1948, TV already had almost _____________ who were buying airtime. A. committed radio officials B. 1,000 sponsors C. 200,000 ad buyers D. as many sponsors as TV sets sold E. 30 political candidates

B. 1,000 sponsors

Public relations professionals generate favorable publicity for clients and ensure that any potentially damaging information is framed in the least harmful way. The 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is an example of a PR practice known as _______________. A. Whitewashing B. Crisis communication C. Green-washing D. sweet-think E. troubleshooting

B. Crisis communication

What are the three attributes that communications professionals argue modern advertising has to be characterized by to be successful? A. Modern, alluring, and stimulating B. Interesting, useful, and entertaining C. Engaging, fascinating, and original D. Tantalizing, seductive, and deviant E. Evolving, precious, and desirable

B. Interesting, useful, and entertaining

Why is the employment outlook for journalists in the digital age not good? A. It's largely a reflection of the state of the newspaper industry and its budget and staff cutbacks. B. It's largely a reflection of the state of the overall economy and related budget and staff cutbacks. C. It's largely a reflection of the state of college journalism programs and related budget and staff cutbacks. D. It's largely a reflection of the state of ownership groups and the amount of debt those companies carry. E. It's largely a reflection of the low turnover rate of job positions in the journalism industry.

B. It's largely a reflection of the state of the overall economy and related budget and staff cutbacks.

Sometimes advertisers present information in misleading ways. Which American network apologized in 1992 after an independent investigation revealed that a production team had tampered with General Motors pickup trucks to stage footage of exploding gas tanks? A.ESPN B.NBC C.Public Broadcasting Service D.The Automotive Channel E.CBS

B. NBC

Fairness and balance mean equal and just consideration of all sides of a topic. They do not, however, guarantee what? A. A front-page story B. Equal space C. Story publication D. Large headlines E. A page in the front section

B. equal space

News reporting that offers the same coverage to all relevant sides of an issue and all representatives of those various sides is known as what? A. Truth B. Fairness C. Accuracy D. Objectivity E. Integrity

B. fairness

Which type of journalism engages the citizenry more actively in news creation and discussion? A. Investigative journalism B. Alternative journalism C.Public journalism D. Electronic journalism E. Platypus journalism

B. public journalism

The Associated Press (AP) is well known for its core journalistic values and its commitment to ________. A. a high density of photographs and tabloid news B. truth and accuracy C. integrity as well as invention of facts D. legal advice and opinionated editorials E. entertainment and colorful copy

B. truth and accuracy

What are two concerns with the Telecommunications Act of 1996? A.It establishes an unfair pricing system that favors digital media at the expense of traditional media. B.It promotes direct competition among all telecommunications providers. C.It screens Internet streams for indecent speech and trolls. D.It overlooks the needs of stations in rural and economically deprived areas. E.It regulates foreign-language radio and television in North America.

B.It promotes direct competition among all telecommunications providers.

Which code was established in the 1930s by the U.S. movie industry to regulate and censor itself, particularly in respect to nudity and the glorification of antisocial acts in movies? A.The Paramount decision B.The Hays Code C.The Obscenity Code D.The Telecommunication Act E.The Hollywood Act

B.The Hays Code

Orson Welles's broadcast of ______________ convinced many listeners that Martians were actually invading the East Coast and created a widespread panic. A.Star Wars B.War of the Worlds C.Citizen Kane D.Hamlet E.Hello Martians!

B.War of the Worlds

Understanding other viewpoints is key to effective media communications and a social justice ideal in the media business. An advertising executive may realize that if he were a member of ______________, he might find a proposed advertising campaign offensive or stereotypical. A.the upper class B.a different ethnic group or gender C.a lobbying group in Washington D.the production assistants union E.the design team

B.a different ethnic group or gender

Qualitative studies are often used to provide quantitative studies with more ____________. Qualitative research can help you see the world from a new and different perspective. A.controversy B.depth or texture C.framework research D.of a spiral effect E.symbiosis

B.depth or texture

Journalists often find themselves trying to get information that others wish to keep to themselves. This is why _________ become more complex in journalism. A.YouTube videos and streamed ads B.issues of privacy C.the interdependence of information and online selfies D.virtual personalities E.video footage and public service announcements

B.issues of privacy

The depiction of violence and sex by the American entertainment industry has always been controversial. Even though most people do not become mass murderers after watching violent content, critics argue that _______________ has a lasting effect on everyone. A.obscenity in TV shows B.media exposure C.crime shows D.a double standard concerning gender in moviesE.the lack of virtues on TV

B.media exposure

A treasure trove of information has been provided by __________, which is automatically archived by the mere nature of the Web. A.government surveillance programs B.user-generated content C.semipublic data mining D.Twitter feeds E.the National Security Agency (NSA)

B.user-generated content

Social marketing uses advertising campaigns to fight for a good social cause, such as antismoking or safe-sex campaigns. This marketing technique operates under ___________, because it attempts to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people. A.false pretenses B.utilitarian principles C.discourse ethics D.participatory discourses E.the Golden Rule

B.utilitarian principles

When the American Congress banned radio and TV from airing cigarette ads in 1970, the broadcast business suffered huge losses, with revenue declining by roughly what amount? A. $1 billion B. $40 million C. $220 million D. $10 billion E. $500 million

C. $220 million

Which of the following became the first commercial news website to win a Pulitzer Prize? A. ProPublica B. Drudge Report C. Huffington Post D. Fox News E. TMZ

C. Huffington post

By the year 2014 this form of advertising will have grown so rapidly that it is expected to top $1 billion in revenue worldwide. A. Advergaming B. Public product placement (PPP) C. In-game advertising (IGA) D. Online advertising E. Billboard marketing

C. In-game advertising (IGA)

The most effective media campaigns are those that use which of the following strategies to encourage audiences to act freely and embrace the persuader's point of view? A. Twitter and Instagram B. Smartphone appeal C. Persuasive techniques D. Direct emailing and blogging E. Facebook and Skype

C. Persuasive techniques

The art of persuasion has a long tradition in modern society. Greek philosophers already fine-tuned this skill through their development of which discursive method? A. Semiotics B. Daoism C. Rhetoric D. Cognitive dissonance E. Sophism

C. Rhetoric

A key finding of the landmark Hutchins Commission report was what? A. Media would have to begin to hire more minorities to mirror an expected increase in the minority population in the United States. B. Journalism, as we know it, would die in the twenty-first century. C. The public has a right to information that affects it and the press has a responsibility to present that information. D. The media need to better balance happy, sad, and sensational stories to stop desensitization. E. The media were doing a sensational job and needed to keep up the good work.

C. The public has a right to information that affects it and the press has a responsibility to present that information.

Which of the following publications most closely fits the definition of yellow journalism, embracing a sensationalist style of reporting? A. Washington Post B. The Guardian C. National Enquirer D. New York Times E. Huffington Post

C. national enquirer

What are three of the four main functions of mass communication in which journalism plays an important part? A. Cultural transmission, entertainment, and connection B. Entertainment, education, and informational transmission C. Surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission D. Connection, correlation, and education E. Correlation, entertainment, and cultural transmission

C. surveillance, correlation, and cultural transmission

UCLA researcher Jeffrey Cole led a study on TV violence in the 1990s that found that U.S. network television programming was getting somewhat less violent. What was emerging at the same time that dampened excitement for this finding? A.The Spiral of silence B.The Internet C."Shockumentary" reality-based specials D.Online dating E.Increased news coverage of war

C."Shockumentary" reality-based specials

When all affected parties have an equal chance to be heard in a discussion and everyone's ideas are considered on their own merits, what ethical system is being followed? A.Egalitarianism B.The Golden Rule C.Discourse ethics D.Utilitarianism E.Democracy

C.Discourse ethics

__________ are widely used by media researchers to help them draw conclusions about media behavior. A.Laboratory rats B.Monopolies of consumer groups C.Focus groups D.Telemarketers E.Environmental labs

C.Focus groups

What concept helps explain how the way messages are communicated can influence our attitudes and actions? A.Semantics B.Decoding C.Framing D.Semiotics E.Encoding

C.Framing

There is no single, underlying, unified ethical system that all people can follow to achieve complete justice and peace. However, we can examine and use the different ethical systems that have developed over the years. To do so, society relies on which of the following thinkers? A.Movie stars B.Online opinion columnists C.Philosophers and religious leaders D.Motivational speakers and gurus E.Editorial journalists

C.Philosophers and religious leaders

What term describes a government practice of regularly disseminating a belief, doctrine, or information with the intent of molding public opinion? A.Positivism B.Golden Mean C.Propaganda D.Media's Golden Rule E.Postmodernism

C.Propaganda

____________ is an attempt to influence an audience through mass communication that usually involves total control of the transmission of information. Often, the audience does not realize that the government is controlling the message. A.The spiral of silence B.The War of the Worlds C.Propaganda D.Payne's research E.The magic bullet

C.Propaganda

What use of advertising benefits social causes and operates according to utilitarian principles? A.The Golden Social Rule B.The Social Mean C.Social marketing D.Social demographics E.Social justice

C.Social marketing

When it comes to freedom of speech, Americans can rely on a unique law. ________________ is very much an American invention. Most other countries have no such stipulations in their constitutions. A.The Fourth Estate B.The right to free speech C.The First Amendment D.The freedom of the press E.The Golden Mean

C.The First Amendment

How does the textbook describe the motivation as well as reasoning that encourages journalists who work for such tabloid newspapers as the recently closed News of the World to engage in misconduct? A.The teaser mentality B.Entertainment reporting C.The scoop mentality of daily tabloid journalism D.Exploitation research E.Sensationalist investigations

C.The scoop mentality of daily tabloid journalism

Some influential ethical systems look primarily to consequences as ways to judge what is ethically good or not good. What system of ethical reasoning assumes that the most ethical action does the greatest good for the greatest number of people? A.Wiretapping for the common good B.The Golden Mean C.Utilitarianism D.Sensationalism E.The categorical imperative

C.Utilitarianism

When a photograph on the front page of a newspaper is staged or a television news report is completely falsified, observers call this ____________. A.a media debacle B.crisis communication C.a breach of media ethics D.a cluster-fail E.tormented journalism

C.a breach of media ethics

In 1934, Congress enacted the Communications Act, which served as the foundation of communications law for over six decades. The act was based on the premise that the airwaves were ____________. A.strictly under government control B.reserved for information purposes only C.a public good D.essential for wartime communication E.a resource that should be kept free for maritime exploration

C.a public good

Federal law defines indecent speech as _____________. A.profanities B.broadcasts that refer to illegal substances C.anything that offends contemporary community standards D.texts that include references to violence and sex E.words that include references to God

C.anything that offends contemporary community standards

Partly because of professional loyalty to their clients, PR professionals have many of the same ___________ that advertising professionals have regarding unsavory clients. A.lawless behaviors B.inhibitions C.conflicts of interest D.large advertisement portfolios E.profit interests

C.conflicts of interest

Although not prohibited, _________ is subject to federal regulation. A.soap ppera distribution B.the depiction of animal rights C.indecent speech D.comic strip publication E.pharmaceutical advertising promotion

C.indecent speech

Social-networking sites like Facebook and Twitter have played an important role in many recent social movements. One danger of sharing images that are generated in the heat of the moment, however, is that one cannot be certain that the identity of the depicted person is correct. Zahra Soltani, a university teacher in Iran, experienced this dilemma when her photo was used in 2009 to depict a victim of violence. Her case demonstrates what can happen when media outlets act unethically and think of people ____________ to attract bigger audiences and generate buzz. A.the Golden Mean B.As meaningless toys C.only as objects D.as a free-for-all E.as secondary subjects

C.only as objects

Freedom of expression is protected by the U.S. government. Consequently, the Senate has taken no formal legal action against ____________. A.the Hollywood movie industry B.the World Gamers Corporation C.the comics industry D.the Broadcast Association of America E.the Federal Communications Commission

C.the comics industry

The art of persuasion in ancient Greece was called rhetoric. It was one of three classical areas of learning that an educated person was supposed to have mastered. What were the other two areas? A. Persuasion and recognizing B. Public speaking and reasoning C. Bantering and debating D. Logic and grammar E. Critical thinking and semantics

D. Logic and grammar

YouTube, Facebook, and Google target audiences worldwide successfully with their ad campaigns. In 2011 alone, the income of YouTube and Facebook combined reached what amount? A. $150 million B. $5 billion C. $4 million D. Over $42 billion E. $38 billion

D. Over $42 billion

What is yellow journalism? A. A popular cartoon with a kid as a leading character B. A comic book with human interest stories instead of stories on crime and politics C. A magazine with abundant illustrations, colorful headlines, and a racy style D. Sensationalized news that often is partly or wholly made up to be more dramatic E. News printed on less-expensive yellow-tinted paper

D. Sensationalized news that often is partly or wholly made up to be more dramatic

"Man Bites Dog," a commonly used headline in beginning journalism classes, suggests that news becomes news when it is what? A. Ordinary B. Realistic C. Entertaining D. Extraordinary E. Manipulative

D. extraordinary

When oil from a BP well leaked and spilled into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, public relations officials worked feverishly to mitigate _______________. This is known as a crisis communication situation. A. satellite TV reports B. organization communication C. disaster reporting D. negative press coverage E. viral social media campaigns

D. negative press coverage

Which type of journalism developed in the early 1990s in response to dissatisfaction with media treatment of social and political issues? A. Platypus journalism B. Citizen journalism C. Electronic journalism D. Public journalism E. Alternative journalism

D. public journalism

Regardless of undergraduate major, what three skills are crucial for a successful journalism career? A. Digital skills, mobile journalism, knowledge of statistics B. The ability to read spreadsheets, knowledge of Twitter, equipment operation C. Multimedia skills, data entry, the ability to speak Arabic D. Writing, editing, and storytelling E. Storytelling, multimedia graphics, database analysis

D. writing, editing, and storytelling

Which term is used to describe a particular phenomenon that occurs when journalists or editors are imprisoned for voicing their opinions and other journalists then hesitate to write about similar topics? A.Surveillance B.A prior restraint C.Sedition D.A chilling effect E.Cyberbullying

D.A chilling effect

___________ are intended to protect journalists from legal challenges to their freedom to report the news. A.Fair balance frameworks B.Golden rulings C.Golden Mean rulings D.Shield laws E.Protective postulates

D.Shield laws

Why is the press unofficially called the fourth estate? A.Television and radio are the fifth estate. B.The media formally make up a fourth branch of government. C.The press is regulated by the Fourth Amendment. D.The press serves as a critical watchdog of government. E.It's a fancy title that beats that of muckraker.

D.The press serves as a critical watchdog of government.

Benjamin Franklin wrote a famous list of thirteen virtues and vowed to focus on a different virtue ____________. He kept a notebook and charted his successes and failures until he realized that he could not maintain his log successfully. A.once a month B.twice a day C.every two weeks D.every week E.once a day

D.every week

The U.S. government has extended full First Amendment protection only to __________. A.telecommunications media B.movies C.public broadcasting stations D.print media E.broadcast media

D.print media

The movie industry was criticized for its depictions of explicit nudity and sexuality in some early films of the 1920s. In response the industry created the Hays Office, which served to _____________. A.encourage positive film reviews B.manipulate journalists C.pave the way for federal regulation D.self-regulate the movie industry E.transition to the Television Age

D.self-regulate the movie industry

How do advertisers establish a brand's uniqueness? A. Color and shape B. Star appeal C. Montage techniques D. Gender identity E. A catchy slogan and distinctive visual identity

E. A catchy slogan and distinctive visual identity

Commercial developments have continued to reshape the TV landscape since the 1950s. By 1971, TV networks had managed to increase the profitability of the advertising business by instituting which change? A. The demise of the system of Hollywood studios controlling stars through contracts B. Acceptance of car commercials using female models C. Unrestricted acceptance of infomercials D. The incorporation of children into advertising E. A cut in commercial length to thirty seconds

E. A cut in commercial length to thirty seconds

Which process of name recognition, created by advertising executives to create an image in the consumer's mind, is intertwined with the growth of advertising? A. Brainwashing B. Tweeting C. Bannering D. Spamming E. Branding

E. Branding

This mass-communication model assumes that the media can influence the public in specific ways. It claims that media have direct and measurable effects on audiences, such as encouraging consumer behavior. A. Mastermind model B. Indirect persuasion model C. Withdrawal-symptom model D. Media-pioneering model E. Direct effects model

E. Direct effects model

Why did newspapers begin to suffer in the 1920s with the ascent of radio? A. Radio offered the same news as newspapers, with the addition of lively commentators. B. Radio offered the same news as newspapers, and mostly for a reduced fee. C. Radio offered much shorter news reports in the form of news bulletins. D. Radio offered alternative news that was more sensationalist. E. Radio offered news more quickly than newspapers, and for "free."

E. Radio offered news more quickly than newspapers, and for "free."

Even in a changing media landscape, what remains the most important factor in successful persuasion ? A. Facebook and Twitter B. Interpersonal communication C. Advertising campaigns D. Social media platforms E. The audience

E. The audience

How do media organizations ensure that news coverage is not influenced by business decisions or advertisers? A. They give equal and just consideration to all topics. B. They limit the amount of advertising space in their publications by adding more news. C. They operate separate editorial and business offices, divisions, or departments. D. They report on a broad range of news events. E. They prohibit interaction between reporters and the business office and advertisers.

E. They prohibit interaction between reporters and the business office and advertisers.

In its current code of ethics, the Society of Professional Journalists urges journalists to "seek truth and report it" and charges them to be these three things in gathering the news. A.Modest, tenacious, and willful B.Opinionated, open-minded, and manipulative C.Discreet, deceptive, and subservient D.Reliable, believable, and truthful E. honest, fair, and courageous

E. honest, fair, and courageous

What organization spurred the news industry to become more impartial and objective? A. The Hutchins Commission B. United Press International C. The Radio-Television News Directors Association D. The Hearst Foundation E. The Associated Press

E. the associated press

What are the principle duties of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)? A.Raising funds for smaller broadcasters B.Taking stations off the air when indecent speech is involved C.Maintaining good relations with broadcasters worldwide D.Regulating the Internet in the digital age E.Allocating new broadcast radio and television stations and renewing licenses of existing stations

E.Allocating new broadcast radio and television stations and renewing licenses of existing stations

Ethical dilemmas can often be difficult to resolve because there are no easy "right" or "wrong" answers to conflicts. However, several guiding character traits can help individuals develop a moral compass for behavior. In their book Communicating Ethically, William Neher and Paul Sandin use an ethical classification scheme that relies on which of the following? A.Companionship and justice B.Truth and education C.Moral conviction D.Virtue and professionalism E.Character, duties, consequences, and relationships

E.Character, duties, consequences, and relationships

What term has been coined to help researchers understand the world and its overall framework? A.Pragmatism B.Spiral of silence C.Positivism D.Media ecology E.Epistemology

E.Epistemology

Society today is embracing healthier lifestyles by changing eating behaviors and workout routines. The media are filled with tips for a better work-life balance. What term refers to consumer buying behavior that is based on products that are grown, produced, or manufactured in accordance with high ethical standards? A.Sustainability B.Health foodism C.Daoism D.Green thumb theory E.Ethical consumerism

E.Ethical consumerism

What key issue highlights the digital divide? A.Creating online courses for high school students B.Finding ways to purchase computers for schools C.Ensuring that no child goes without a tablet D.Encouraging girls to learn coding E.Finding ways to provide Internet access to economically disadvantaged groups across the United States

E.Finding ways to provide Internet access to economically disadvantaged groups across the United States

One of the foundations of the Judeo-Christian belief system is the so-called ____________. This rule dominates most of Western society and thinking and is linked to the Bible's command to "love thy neighbor as thyself." This approach may help investigative journalists stay on an ethical course and avoid sensationalism when, for example, conducting interviews with family members of a crime victim. A.Tenth Commandment B.Sensitivity Rule C.Compassion Compass D.ethical radar E.Golden Rule

E.Golden Rule

How does slander differ from libel? A.Slander is a type of defamation that is broadcast. B.Slander is an attack on a person's heritage. C.Slander is an attack on a person's character. D.Libel damages property. E.Slander is a type of defamation that is spoken.

E.Slander is a type of defamation that is spoken.

Which studies were conducted in the United States in the late 1920s and 1930s and concluded that the same film would influence children differently depending on such factors as age, sex, life experience, predispositions, and social environment? A.The hypodermic-needle studies B.The Bobo doll studies C.The media-result studies D.TV violence studies E.The Payne Fund studies

E.The Payne Fund studies

In the spirit of Jefferson, it is fair to say that the press is still __________ government and other powerful institutions in society. A.a political authority over B.an anti-defamation force overseeing C.protected domain of D.a regulator of E.a critical watchdog of

E.a critical watchdog of

Senior citizens who watch more television are more inclined to stay at home because they are more fearful of perceived dangers in the real world. This phenomenon was observed by the American researcher George Gerbner through his work with _____________. A.uses-and-gratifications analysis B.semiotics C.the third-person effect D.the spiral-of-silence hypothesis E.cultivation analysis

E.cultivation analysis

Crime victims can feel doubly victimized when their names are made public by the media, especially regarding crimes such as rape that still carry a social stigma. Most newspapers and television stations ____________. Critics of this practice argue that it stigmatizes rape even further. A.talk openly to perpetrators B.refuse to investigate rapists C.do not search sexual predator lists D.do not want to report abuse E.do not make rape victims' names public

E.do not make rape victims' names public

The Children's Television Act (CTA) placed limits on the amount of commercial content permitted in children's TV programming. Television stations must meet four standards, including ________________. A.programs can be broadcast only on Saturday mornings B.programs must incorporate relevant science materials C.programs must feature Spanish-language (or other multilingual) components D.programs may run all day Saturday E.programs must meet children's educational and information needs

E.programs must meet children's educational and information needs

Media organizations often do not show the same vigor in reporting about their own business practices and mistakes as they do in reporting about those of other businesses. This is a clear violation of ____________. A.institutional integrity B.the Murdoch doctrine C.attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D.FCC rules of ethics E.the categorical imperative

E.the categorical imperative