Master HOSA Quizlet

What does the Varicella vaccine protect against?

Chickenpox

new vaccine?

DNA vaccines that use genes

What does the DTaP vaccine protect against?

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis

When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the Flu Vaccine?

Every Year

What to organizations monitor the vaccines?

FDA and CDC

What is the FDA?

Federal Drug Administration

__________________________ is used to prevent contamination by bacteria during the vaccine manufacturing process. Resides in body naturally

Formaldehyde

you ........ to be ........ before attending/ starting school

HAVE, vaccincated

What does the Hib vaccine protect against?

Haemophilus influenzae type b.

What does the Hep A vaccine protect you from?

Hepatitis A

What does the Hep B Vaccine protect you from?

Hepatitis B

which Ig is used to diagnose neonatal infections?

IgM

_______________________ is the body's way of preventing disease.

Immunity

What does the flu vaccine protect against?

Influenza

What does the IPV vaccine protect against?

Polio

What are the routinely recommended vaccines?

Polio,mumps, rubella, tetanus,

what is given to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn?

RhoGam administered during 3rd trimester and again postpartum

___________________ help keep vaccine effective after manufactured

Stabilizers

memory cells

T cells and B cells that remain in the body for years, ready to launch an attack if that disease attacks again

Community immunity

The idea that one person getting a vaccine will help the whole community.

How do vaccines work?

They spike the immune response and help the immune system fight off the infection and remember it for next time(made of small amount of weak or dead cells)

__________________ is also used during the manufacturing process but is no longer an ingredient in any vaccine except multi-dose vials of the flu vaccine.

Thimerosol

Inactivated vaccines

Use the killed version of the germ

According to the CDC, ________________ reduce your children's risk of infection by working with his/her body's natural defenses to help safely develop immunity to disease.

Vaccines

infectious disease

a disease that can spread from contact with an infected person

herd immunity

a high number of people are vaccinated so pathogens cant reproduce enough to cause disease

what is a vaccine?

a preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen

virus

a small, infectious agent that only can replicate inside the cells of a living organisms. It has a core DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and is not itself a living cell

what is Immune globulin (IG)?

a sterile solution for intramuscular administration containing antibodies from human/equine blood

lymphocytes

a white blood cell that includes natural killer cells, T cells and B cells

what is immunization/vaccination?

act of inoculating an individual with a vaccine (active) or providing protective antibodies (passive)

Live (attenuated)

alive and weak, can cause people with an weak immune system to get sick, must be refrigerated (ex. smallpox)

how vaccines work - step 1

an antigen ¨tags¨ a pathogen as foreign

what is the way of naturally acquiring passive immunity?

antibodies from mother to fetus =IgG antibodies from mother to nursing child= IgA --> transient protection

Vaccines use very small amounts of __________________ to help a child's immune system recognize and learn to fight serious diseases.

antigens

____________________ are parts of germs that cause the body's immune system to go to work.

antigens

what is the way of naturally acquiring active immunity?

antigens enter body naturally--> produce antibodies and specialized lymphocytes --> long term protection

culture

antigens frown in large vats of cells (bioreactors)

what is the way of artificially acquiring active specific immunity?

antigens in vaccines--> body makes antibodies and specialized lymphocytes--> long term protection

after getting a vaccine you....

aquire immunity (the body becomes resistant to the disease)

bacteria

are a large group of microorganisms. They are less complex than eukaryotes, they usually are unicellular, their DNA is not contained in the nucleu and they do not have membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. WHile some bacteria cause disease, the majority are harmless, and many are essential to life

people arent getting vaccines because of the fear it causes....

autism

T cells

cells that attack infected cells, mature in the thymus

B cells

cells that make antibodies or proteins shaped to attach to the antigens, bond to antigen to mark it for destruction; produced in the bone marrow

when do the b cells in the peyer's patches with mother's immunological memory migrate via the blood circulation and come to rest in the mammary gland?

during lactation, probably under the influence of the hormone prolactin

eradicated

eliminated (ex. smallpox)

what are examples of Immune Globulins available?

1. HDNB= Rhogam 2.. HAV- IG 3. Measles- IG 4. HBV- HBIG 5. Rabies- RIG, human or equine 6. varicella zoster- VZIG 7. Tetanus- TIG antitoxin 8. Botulism equine antitoxin 9. Diphtheria equine antitoxin 10. Respiratory syncytial virus- Palivizumab

what are the sources of artificial passive immunity?

1. Ig from pooled plasma from blood donors is shown to protect against major pathogens 2. Ig from pooled plasma from sero-positive humans to provide protection against specific pathogens= homologous hyperimmune sera 3. Ig derived from immunized lab animals like equine antitoxin sera = heterologous hyperimmune sera 4. monoclonal antibody

what are the steps of natural transfer of passive immunity in the enteromammary system?

1. ingest pathogen 2. activate B cells in peyer's patches 3. migrate to breast become plasma cells 4. secrete IgA into milk

what are the uses of artificial passive transfer of immunity?

1. pre and post exposure prophylaxis 2. reduce symptoms in ongoing diseases - assists innate immune response - neutralize/block action of toxins and/or organisms 3. protection in immunosuppressed, neonates

what are the most effective ways to prevent infectious disease?

1. prevent transmission by sanitation and vector control 2. prevent infection or disease with immunization when possible

what are the disadvantages of artificial passive immunity?

1. serum sickness - immune response against antigenic determinants of the foreign antibody when from a non human source 2. transmission of blood borne pathogens - contaminated blood from donors, escaped screening at time of donation 3. immuno-suppression - blocks progression to an active adaptive response by blocking/neutralizing pathogens

When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the HPV Vaccine?

11-12 years

When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the TDap Vaccine?

11-12 years

When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the MEN AWY Vaccine?

11-12 years, and 16-18 years

When is HPV vaccine recommended for children ages 7-18 who are at higher risk of developing Human Papillomavirus?

9-10 years

many diseases ....... easily prevented

ARENT- pathogens muate rapidly and change their antigens (ex. cold and flu)

____________________ help boost the body's response to vaccine.

Adjuvants

What are the 4 ingredients in vaccines?

Adjuvants, Stabilizers, Formaldehyde, Thimerosal

It is recommended for people that are at higher risk of developing pneumococcus and Hepatitis A, the PCV13 and Hep A Vaccine should be given what years between 7-18?

All Years 7-18

HPV (abbreviation)

human pavilloma virus

When a baby is born, his/her _______________system is not fully developed, which can put him/her at greater risk for infections.

immune

According to the CDC, on-time vaccination throughout childhood is essential because it helps provide _________________ before children are exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases.

immunity

If a parent chooses not to vaccinate their children, what are some of their responsibilities?

inform their child's school, Notify doctor and nurses wherever you go, isolate their child during disease outbreak, Look up diseases in country's they travel to

pathogen

is a disease causing agent. it usually refers to a virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoan parasite

what does the IgA in breast milk do for the infant?

it is scarcely absorbed by the baby, but remains in the gut lumen, where it can prevent organisms attaching to the gut wall and causing inflammation

why do neonates have few infections in first few months?

maternal IgG

What does the MMR vaccine protect against?

measles, mumps, rubella

how vaccines work - step 2

memory cells are present (they see pathogen)

What is the MenACWY Vaccine?

meningococcal conjugate vaccine

what is palivizumab?

monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus

lymph nodes

oval shaped organ of lymphatic system distributed widely throughout the body. Major site of B cells, t cells, and other immune cells. Acts as a filter

Killed (inactivated)

pathogen killed with heat or radiation, doesnt cause the actual diease, cheaper/ no refrigeration, BUT weaker immune response

herd immunity protects....

people who arent vaccinated and people with a low immune system

What three things do companies test for in a vaccine?

potent, pure, and sterile

what is the way of a artificially acquiring passive specific immunity?

preformed antibody in immune serum by injection --> transient protection

the goal of vaccine?

prevent disease

what is IG made of?

primarily IgG trace IgA, IgM and other serum proteins may be present

gardasil vaccine

protects from HPV (most common STD)

immune system

protects the body from disease with a layered defense from the skin as a barrier to specific attacks on organisms

What is the MenB Vaccine?

serogroup B meningococcal

cell

smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

antibodies

special proteins produced by the body to attack foreign invaders such as pathogens

vaccination

stimulate immune response

antigens

substances, usually proteins or polysaccharides, that cause the body to produce antibodies

what are examples of passive immunization?

tetanus, botulism, rabies

vaccination

the introduction into the body of a weakened killed or piece of a disease causing agent to prevent disease

immunization

the process by which the body becomes immune to a disease. A person can become immune by getting the disease or from a vaccination

what happens to a mother's immunological memory B cells once they reach the mammary glands?

they transform into plasma cells which secrete IgA into the breast milk in enormous quantities

According to the CDC, __________________ are tested to ensure that they are safe and effective for children to receive at the recommended ages.

vaccines

Live-Attenuated vaccines

weakened (attenuated) form of the germ

pandemic

when a disease outbreak is global or over large areas of the world

how vaccines work - step 3

when exposed to pathogen again the immune system responds quicker

when do children with immunodeficiencies become ill?

when maternal IgG becomes low

epidemic

when more people in a particular population get a disease than typically expected

epidemic

when more people in a population get a disease than expected

immunization

when the body becomes immune to a disease

macrophages

white blood cells that surrounds and engulfs invaders setting off an immune response

pandemic

worldwide outbreak of diease (ex. flu - 1918)