Master HOSA Quizlet
What does the Varicella vaccine protect against?
Chickenpox
new vaccine?
DNA vaccines that use genes
What does the DTaP vaccine protect against?
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the Flu Vaccine?
Every Year
What to organizations monitor the vaccines?
FDA and CDC
What is the FDA?
Federal Drug Administration
__________________________ is used to prevent contamination by bacteria during the vaccine manufacturing process. Resides in body naturally
Formaldehyde
you ........ to be ........ before attending/ starting school
HAVE, vaccincated
What does the Hib vaccine protect against?
Haemophilus influenzae type b.
What does the Hep A vaccine protect you from?
Hepatitis A
What does the Hep B Vaccine protect you from?
Hepatitis B
which Ig is used to diagnose neonatal infections?
IgM
_______________________ is the body's way of preventing disease.
Immunity
What does the flu vaccine protect against?
Influenza
What does the IPV vaccine protect against?
Polio
What are the routinely recommended vaccines?
Polio,mumps, rubella, tetanus,
what is given to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn?
RhoGam administered during 3rd trimester and again postpartum
___________________ help keep vaccine effective after manufactured
Stabilizers
memory cells
T cells and B cells that remain in the body for years, ready to launch an attack if that disease attacks again
Community immunity
The idea that one person getting a vaccine will help the whole community.
How do vaccines work?
They spike the immune response and help the immune system fight off the infection and remember it for next time(made of small amount of weak or dead cells)
__________________ is also used during the manufacturing process but is no longer an ingredient in any vaccine except multi-dose vials of the flu vaccine.
Thimerosol
Inactivated vaccines
Use the killed version of the germ
According to the CDC, ________________ reduce your children's risk of infection by working with his/her body's natural defenses to help safely develop immunity to disease.
Vaccines
infectious disease
a disease that can spread from contact with an infected person
herd immunity
a high number of people are vaccinated so pathogens cant reproduce enough to cause disease
what is a vaccine?
a preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen
virus
a small, infectious agent that only can replicate inside the cells of a living organisms. It has a core DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and is not itself a living cell
what is Immune globulin (IG)?
a sterile solution for intramuscular administration containing antibodies from human/equine blood
lymphocytes
a white blood cell that includes natural killer cells, T cells and B cells
what is immunization/vaccination?
act of inoculating an individual with a vaccine (active) or providing protective antibodies (passive)
Live (attenuated)
alive and weak, can cause people with an weak immune system to get sick, must be refrigerated (ex. smallpox)
how vaccines work - step 1
an antigen ¨tags¨ a pathogen as foreign
what is the way of naturally acquiring passive immunity?
antibodies from mother to fetus =IgG antibodies from mother to nursing child= IgA --> transient protection
Vaccines use very small amounts of __________________ to help a child's immune system recognize and learn to fight serious diseases.
antigens
____________________ are parts of germs that cause the body's immune system to go to work.
antigens
what is the way of naturally acquiring active immunity?
antigens enter body naturally--> produce antibodies and specialized lymphocytes --> long term protection
culture
antigens frown in large vats of cells (bioreactors)
what is the way of artificially acquiring active specific immunity?
antigens in vaccines--> body makes antibodies and specialized lymphocytes--> long term protection
after getting a vaccine you....
aquire immunity (the body becomes resistant to the disease)
bacteria
are a large group of microorganisms. They are less complex than eukaryotes, they usually are unicellular, their DNA is not contained in the nucleu and they do not have membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. WHile some bacteria cause disease, the majority are harmless, and many are essential to life
people arent getting vaccines because of the fear it causes....
autism
T cells
cells that attack infected cells, mature in the thymus
B cells
cells that make antibodies or proteins shaped to attach to the antigens, bond to antigen to mark it for destruction; produced in the bone marrow
when do the b cells in the peyer's patches with mother's immunological memory migrate via the blood circulation and come to rest in the mammary gland?
during lactation, probably under the influence of the hormone prolactin
eradicated
eliminated (ex. smallpox)
what are examples of Immune Globulins available?
1. HDNB= Rhogam 2.. HAV- IG 3. Measles- IG 4. HBV- HBIG 5. Rabies- RIG, human or equine 6. varicella zoster- VZIG 7. Tetanus- TIG antitoxin 8. Botulism equine antitoxin 9. Diphtheria equine antitoxin 10. Respiratory syncytial virus- Palivizumab
what are the sources of artificial passive immunity?
1. Ig from pooled plasma from blood donors is shown to protect against major pathogens 2. Ig from pooled plasma from sero-positive humans to provide protection against specific pathogens= homologous hyperimmune sera 3. Ig derived from immunized lab animals like equine antitoxin sera = heterologous hyperimmune sera 4. monoclonal antibody
what are the steps of natural transfer of passive immunity in the enteromammary system?
1. ingest pathogen 2. activate B cells in peyer's patches 3. migrate to breast become plasma cells 4. secrete IgA into milk
what are the uses of artificial passive transfer of immunity?
1. pre and post exposure prophylaxis 2. reduce symptoms in ongoing diseases - assists innate immune response - neutralize/block action of toxins and/or organisms 3. protection in immunosuppressed, neonates
what are the most effective ways to prevent infectious disease?
1. prevent transmission by sanitation and vector control 2. prevent infection or disease with immunization when possible
what are the disadvantages of artificial passive immunity?
1. serum sickness - immune response against antigenic determinants of the foreign antibody when from a non human source 2. transmission of blood borne pathogens - contaminated blood from donors, escaped screening at time of donation 3. immuno-suppression - blocks progression to an active adaptive response by blocking/neutralizing pathogens
When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the HPV Vaccine?
11-12 years
When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the TDap Vaccine?
11-12 years
When is the recommended times for children ages 7-18 to get the MEN AWY Vaccine?
11-12 years, and 16-18 years
When is HPV vaccine recommended for children ages 7-18 who are at higher risk of developing Human Papillomavirus?
9-10 years
many diseases ....... easily prevented
ARENT- pathogens muate rapidly and change their antigens (ex. cold and flu)
____________________ help boost the body's response to vaccine.
Adjuvants
What are the 4 ingredients in vaccines?
Adjuvants, Stabilizers, Formaldehyde, Thimerosal
It is recommended for people that are at higher risk of developing pneumococcus and Hepatitis A, the PCV13 and Hep A Vaccine should be given what years between 7-18?
All Years 7-18
HPV (abbreviation)
human pavilloma virus
When a baby is born, his/her _______________system is not fully developed, which can put him/her at greater risk for infections.
immune
According to the CDC, on-time vaccination throughout childhood is essential because it helps provide _________________ before children are exposed to potentially life-threatening diseases.
immunity
If a parent chooses not to vaccinate their children, what are some of their responsibilities?
inform their child's school, Notify doctor and nurses wherever you go, isolate their child during disease outbreak, Look up diseases in country's they travel to
pathogen
is a disease causing agent. it usually refers to a virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoan parasite
what does the IgA in breast milk do for the infant?
it is scarcely absorbed by the baby, but remains in the gut lumen, where it can prevent organisms attaching to the gut wall and causing inflammation
why do neonates have few infections in first few months?
maternal IgG
What does the MMR vaccine protect against?
measles, mumps, rubella
how vaccines work - step 2
memory cells are present (they see pathogen)
What is the MenACWY Vaccine?
meningococcal conjugate vaccine
what is palivizumab?
monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus
lymph nodes
oval shaped organ of lymphatic system distributed widely throughout the body. Major site of B cells, t cells, and other immune cells. Acts as a filter
Killed (inactivated)
pathogen killed with heat or radiation, doesnt cause the actual diease, cheaper/ no refrigeration, BUT weaker immune response
herd immunity protects....
people who arent vaccinated and people with a low immune system
What three things do companies test for in a vaccine?
potent, pure, and sterile
what is the way of a artificially acquiring passive specific immunity?
preformed antibody in immune serum by injection --> transient protection
the goal of vaccine?
prevent disease
what is IG made of?
primarily IgG trace IgA, IgM and other serum proteins may be present
gardasil vaccine
protects from HPV (most common STD)
immune system
protects the body from disease with a layered defense from the skin as a barrier to specific attacks on organisms
What is the MenB Vaccine?
serogroup B meningococcal
cell
smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
antibodies
special proteins produced by the body to attack foreign invaders such as pathogens
vaccination
stimulate immune response
antigens
substances, usually proteins or polysaccharides, that cause the body to produce antibodies
what are examples of passive immunization?
tetanus, botulism, rabies
vaccination
the introduction into the body of a weakened killed or piece of a disease causing agent to prevent disease
immunization
the process by which the body becomes immune to a disease. A person can become immune by getting the disease or from a vaccination
what happens to a mother's immunological memory B cells once they reach the mammary glands?
they transform into plasma cells which secrete IgA into the breast milk in enormous quantities
According to the CDC, __________________ are tested to ensure that they are safe and effective for children to receive at the recommended ages.
vaccines
Live-Attenuated vaccines
weakened (attenuated) form of the germ
pandemic
when a disease outbreak is global or over large areas of the world
how vaccines work - step 3
when exposed to pathogen again the immune system responds quicker
when do children with immunodeficiencies become ill?
when maternal IgG becomes low
epidemic
when more people in a particular population get a disease than typically expected
epidemic
when more people in a population get a disease than expected
immunization
when the body becomes immune to a disease
macrophages
white blood cells that surrounds and engulfs invaders setting off an immune response
pandemic
worldwide outbreak of diease (ex. flu - 1918)