Mastering A and P Chapter 12 Part 1

The ventral rami form four major plexuses, including all of the following except the ________ plexus. brachial sacral nuchal lumbar cervical

nuchal

Compared to the vertebral column, the spinal cord is shorter. longer. the same length.

shorter

The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly autonomic motor nuclei. nerve tracts. sympathetic nuclei. sensory nuclei. somatic motor nuclei.

somatic motor nuclei

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a cervical enlargement. spinal nerve. spinal meninx. lumbar enlargement. spinal ganglion.

spinal nerve

The dorsal ramus: monitors specific bilateral regions of the skin surface. innervates structures in the lateral and anterior trunk as well as the limbs. is present in the thoracic and superior lumbar segments of the spinal cord. innervates the muscles, joints, and skin of the back.

innervates the muscles joints and skin of the back

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will block autonomic regulation. mainly interfere with crude touch and temperature sense. interfere with communication from one side of the spinal cord to the other. lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. interfere with position sense.

lead to muscle weakness or paralysis

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect? problems with moving his legs loss of sensation in his torso problems with moving his arms inability to breathe uncontrollable sweating of his feet

loss of sensation in his torso

The white matter of the spinal cord is/are nodes of Ranvier. Schwann cells. myelinated axons and unmyelinated axons. neuroglia.

myelinated axons and unmyelinated axons

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the epineurium. perineurium. epimysium. endosteum. endoneurium.

perineurium

The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the arachnoid mater. dura mater. pia mater. subarachnoid space. choroid plexus.

pia mater

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly nerve tracts. sensory nuclei. autonomic motor nuclei. somatic motor nuclei. sympathetic nuclei.

sensory nuclei

In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes. neuronal damage myasthenia gravis Hodgkin's disease chickenpox shingles

shingles

The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the cranial mater. spinal meninges. epidural membranes. spinal mater. cranial meninges.

spinal meninges

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the dura mater. arachnoid mater. filum terminale. pia mater. subarachnoid space.

subarachnoid space

Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the epidural space. dura mater. arachnoid mater. cerebral ventricles. subarachnoid space.

subarachnoid space

What is the function of denticulate ligaments? They provide longitudinal support to the spinal cord as a component of the coccygeal ligament. They act as a shock absorber and a diffusion medium for dissolved gases, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products. They prevent lateral movement of the spinal cord. They supply nerves to the shoulder and upper limbs.

they prevent lateral movement of the spinal cord

The ________ innervate(s) the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. ventral ramus dermatomes dorsal ramus white rami communicantes gray rami communicantes

ventral ramus

Which is the middle meningeal layer that includes a simple squamous epithelium and a network of collagen and elastic fibers, creating a space between it and the inner meningeal layer? dura mater pia mater denticulate ligament arachnoid mater

arachnoid mater

The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains axons of sensory neurons. axons of motor neurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. interneurons. cell bodies of sensory neurons.

axons of sensory neurons

The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the pia mater. dura mater. epidural space. arachnoid mater. periosteum.

dura mater

The ________ space separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal. epidural epiarachnoid subarachnoid subpial subdural

epidural

The ________ is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament. filum terminale cauda equina ventral root dorsal root conus medullaris

filum terminate

Which of the following associations is incorrect? 11 thoracic spinal nerves 1 coccygeal spinal nerve 8 cervical spinal nerves 5 lumbar spinal nerves 5 sacral spinal nerves

11 thoracic spinal nerves

Which spinal cord structure contains somatic motor nuclei? lateral gray horn anterior gray horn gray commissure posterior gray horn

anterior gray horn

Spinal nerves are purely sensory. both sensory and motor. interneuronal. purely motor. involuntary.

both sensory and motor

The white matter of the spinal cord contains bundles of axons with common origins, destinations, and functions. both axons and dendrites. sensory and motor nuclei. interneurons. bundles of dendrites with common origins, destinations, and functions.

bundles of axons with common origins destinations and functions

The dorsal and ventral roots of spinal segments L2 to S5 and the filum terminale together form a complex called the: cauda equina. spinal nerve. lumbar enlargement. conus medullaris.

cauda equina

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain axons of motor neurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. synapses. axons of sensory neurons. cell bodies of sensory neurons.

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Motor commands are conveyed to the spinal cord by which of the following? posterior white column dorsal root ascending tracts descending tracts

descending tracts

The spinal cord consists of five regions and ________ segments. 25 12 31 5 The number varies widely among individuals.

31

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains axons of motor neurons. cell bodies of sensory neurons. cell bodies of motor neurons. interneurons. axons of sensory neurons.

axons of motor neurons

Which is the innermost connective tissue layer of the spinal nerve that surrounds each axon? endoneurium fascicle epineurium perineurium

endoneurium

Define gray matter in the spinal cord. It is neural tissue that is dominated by the cell bodies of neurons, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons, and it surrounds the narrow central canal. It is neural tissue that contains large numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. It contains the axons of motor neurons that extend into the periphery. It is neural tissue that contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons carry information to the spinal cord.

it is neural tissue that is dominated by the cell bodies of neurons neuroglia and unmyelinated axons and it surrounds the narrow central canal

Reflexes controlled by the spinal cord involve motor output over spinal nerves to effectors. sensory input to reflex centers in the brain. sensory output over cranial nerves to effectors. sensory input over cranial nerves to the spinal cord. motor input to reflex centers in the spinal cord.

motor output over spinal nerves to effectors

A complex, interwoven network of nerves is called a nerve plexus. nerve ganglion. spinal cord. spinal plexus. ramus.

nerve plexus

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly nerve tracts. columns. cerebrospinal fluid. meninges. neuron cell bodies.

neuron cell bodies