Mastering A&P 12

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________ A) visual association area B) calcarine cortex C) lateral geniculate body D) primary visual cortex

A

Broca's area ________. A) is considered a motor speech area B) serves the recognition of complex objects C) controls voluntary movements of the eyes D) is usually found only in the right hemisphere

A

The ________ is the main switch station for memory; if the right and left areas are destroyed, the result is widespread amnesia. A) hippocampus B) hypothalamus C) Wernicke's area D) thalamus

A

Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus? A) visceral control center of the body B) somatic motor control center C) relay station for the special senses D) gateway to the cerebellum

A

During meningitis, which of the following is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid mater C) dura mater D) arachnoid villi

A meningeal layer closest to the brain.

Which of these statements is NOT correct regarding our limbic system? A) Sights often create strong emotional responses. B) The cingulate helps you express your emotional state. C) Emotional states can alter our blood pressure. D) Your amygdala judges facial expressions for danger.

A Your sense of smell is more directly attached to your limbic system and is, therefore, more likely to cause emotional responses

At age 79, Mrs. X is diagnosed with a disorder that severely impairs her logical judgment. Medical imaging techniques show that this has been most likely caused by brain damage in a ______. A) parietal lobe B) frontal lobe C) temporal lobe D) premotor cortex

B

Sleepwalking may occur during ________. A) REM B) NREM stage 4 C) NREM stage 2 D) NREM stage 1

B

Vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) midbrain D) cerebrum

B

What statement about coma is true? A) Coma is neurologically identical to syncope. B) Coma may be caused by widespread cerebral or brain stem trauma. C) Coma is a form of deep sleep. D) During coma, brain oxygen consumption resembles that of a waking state.

B

Why would imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) be recommended for a patient experiencing sudden aphasia? A) to assess limb movement response B) to rule out other causes of brain injury C) to determine whether the patient's sight is also affected D) to ensure that the patient is not deaf

B Aphasia is difficulty with language

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality? A) posterior association area B) prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) C) limbic association area D) combined primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association cortex

B)

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ________. A) gustatory cortex B) vestibular cortex C) visceral sensory area D) olfactory cortex

C

The light of dawn and the buzz of an alarm clock lead to wakefulness through the ________. A) cerebellar peduncles B) limbic system C) reticular activating system D) basal nuclei

C

What is the largest danger associated with a blood clot that's lodged in a cerebral artery? A) brain hemorrhage B) increased intracranial pressure C) lack of oxygen D) inadequate nutrients

C

Which of the following is not a site where a tumor is likely to cause hydrocephalus? A) fourth ventricle B) cerebral aqueduct C) pia mater D) subarachnoid space

C

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury? A) hemorrhage B) contusion C) concussion D) swelling

C

A patient is admitted to the rehabilitation unit five days after having a stroke. The nurse assesses his muscle strength and determines that he has right-sided weakness. Based on this assessment data, what part of the brain was injured? A) There was damage to localized areas of the prefrontal cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. B) There was damage to localized areas of the primary motor cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. C) There was damage to localized areas of the premotor cortex in the right cerebral hemisphere. D) There was damage to localized areas of the primary motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere. E) There was damage to localized areas of the premotor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere.

C) If the stroke is in the left hemisphere, the right side of the body will be paralyzed.

A patient reports that she has become completely deaf—she can't hear anything. Thorough tests on her ears indicate that her ears have not been damaged. Additional tests reveal that her deafness has been caused by damage to her ______. A) primary somatosensory cortex B) auditory association area C) somatosensory association cortex D) None of the listed responses is correct

D

After Joe has a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin—but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that ______. A) the stroke caused damage to Joe's frontal eye field which interfered with his effort to touch his chin B) the stroke caused damage to Joe's right primary motor cortex C) the stroke caused damage to Joe's right premotor cortex D) based on the doctor's observations, none of the listed answers are correct conclusions

D

An individual accidentally transected (cut across) the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ________. A) hemiplegia B) quadriplegia C) spinal shock only D) paraplegia

D

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________. A) nutrients such as glucose B) alcohol C) anesthetics D) metabolic waste such as urea

D

You are working in the ER when a young man in his twenties comes in. He has a normal build and seems confused and disoriented. When you ask whether anyone is with him, he does not seem to know, but nobody else speaks up, so he seems to be there alone. He cannot say why he is there. He says he is not in any pain and his neck is not stiff. There is no alcohol on his breath, and he denies having taken anything. A) The young man's disorientation may indicate a brain problem, so he should be seen right away, before anybody else. B) Emergency room treatment is not appropriate for this patient. He should sleep it off and see his family doctor if he still feels bad in the morning. C) You should wait until the person who brought him there arrives and gives you more information. He or she is probably just parking the car. D) The young man's disorientation may indicate a brain problem, but he is not dying. So he should be seen soon, but anyone with a life-threatening situation will take precedence.

D As a triage nurse, you would class a patient whose main complaint is nausea and disorientation as class 2 because the confusion may indicate some kind of brain injury. He would be seen after the people who are obviously at risk of dying have been dealt with

What lobe is the Motor speech (Broca's) area.

Frontal Lobe

What lobe is the Primary (somatic) motor cortex.

Frontal Lobe

What lobe is the premotor cortex.

Frontal Lobe

What lobe is the seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning.

Frontal Lobe

What lobe is the Gustatory (taste) area.

Insula

What lobe is the visual area.

Occipital lobe

What lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex.

Parietal Lobe

What lobe is the auditory area?

Temporal Lobe