Mastering A&P Chapter 9
Nick mentioned to his doctor at his annual physical that his skin color was darkening. After tests, the doctor diagnosed Nick with an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal cortex, resulting in insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disorder does Nick have?
Addison's disease
How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?
It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.
Body cells that respond to insulin include
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells.
Why don't all body cells respond to a particular hormone?
Only cells that have receptors for the hormone can respond.
A liver cell responds to insulin by
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
When blood glucose levels are low
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
When blood glucose levels are high
The pancreas releases insulin.
Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range?
The pancreas secretes glucagon.
The efficiency of the endocrine system as a whole gradually declines in old age. Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the endocrine system and body homeostasis?
decreased mental abilities
How do lipid-soluble hormones carry out their actions at their target cells?
directly activate genes and stimulate protein synthesis
Which of these is characteristic of an endocrine gland?
ductless
Which hormone is released by nerve impulses?
epinephrine
Which hormone stimulates acid production in the stomach?
gastrin
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
homeostasis
Where are receptors for steroid hormones found?
in the nucleus of target cells
Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released?
insulin
Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and helps suppress your appetite?
leptin
Which of the following is a common age-associated condition?
menopause
What is the main mechanism for regulating hormone secretion?
negative feedback
Which of these is linked to the decline in estrogen in menopausal females?
osteoporosis
Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood?
parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin
What organ secretes erythropoietin?
the kidney
Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms?
thyroxine
Which of the following is a sign of hypoparathyroidism?
uncontrollable muscle spasms
What is the functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?
Hypothalamus synthesizes the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
Hypersecretion of growth hormone could lead to which of the following conditions?
acromegaly
Darlene is a 67-year-old woman who has been admitted to the hospital with rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, sweating, and irritability. Her doctor brings the result of diagnostic scans that show an abdominal tumor. What gland is involved?
adrenal gland
Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney?
adrenal gland
Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
adrenocorticotropic hormon (ACTH)
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water as urine is being formed?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
