Mastering A&P Questions

What is the function of the serous acinar cells in the pancreas?

They produce, store, and secrete about 22 different types of pancreatic enzymes.

Which hormone stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicle?

FSH from the pituitary

The function of the collecting duct is to

determine the final volume and concentration of urine.

Cryptorchidism

is a congenital condition in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum.

Which organ is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

kidney

The correct sequence of layers in the wall of the alimentary canal, from internal to external, is

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

Layer of the GI tract responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

muscularis externa

This layer of the uterus contracts during parturition to expel the baby.

myometrium

The female uterine cycle begins

on the first day of menstruation.

Which of the following cells produce intrinsic factor?

parietal cells

__________ produce the stomach's hydrochloric acid (HCl)

parietal cells

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.

parietal pleura

Chief cells of the gastric glands secrete

pepsinogen

Which of the purely endocrine organs contain modified neurons that produce and secrete neurohormones?

posterior lobe of the pituitary and adrenal medullae

Which section of the renal tubule is most active in secretion and resorption? What type of epithelium is located in this region?

proximal convoluted tubule; simple cuboidal epithelium with long microvilli

What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A cell does not respond to the presence of a hormone if it lacks specific__________ molecules either on the plasma membrane or intracellularly.

receptor

The region of the kidney where the renal vessels and the ureter enter and exit the kidney is called the ________________.

renal hilum

Before it enters the ureter, urine collects in the

renal pelvis

What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the respiratory tube

simple cuboidal epithelium

The luminal surface of the epithelium in the duct of the epididymis bears long microvilli called .

stereocilia

The fibrous capsule of the testis, also referred to as "white coat," is referred to as the __________

tunica albuginea

A chronic respiratory disease that leads to an expanded "barrel chest" is

emphysema.

Which hormone stimulates the development of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine?

estrogen

What is the function of type I alveolar cells in the alveolar walls?

external gas exchange in the lungs

By undergoing meiosis, each primary spermatocyte ultimately gives rise to how many sperm cells?

four

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

glucocorticoids

Which cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete the hormone renin?

granular cells

The function of the pampiniform plexus of veins is to

help cool blood.

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the

hypothalamus

What stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?

TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary

The scalene muscles are involved in

deep inspiration.

Infants born before 26 weeks gestation are threatened by respiratory distress syndrome resulting from inadequate production of__________ .

surfactant

The ability to vary the pitch of the voice results from varying

the tension in the vocal folds

The epithelium lining the urinary bladder that permits distension is

transitional

Which of the following conditions is most often seen in elderly males with prostatic hyperplasia?

urinary retention

Production and secretion of testosterone by interstitial cells is hormonally regulated by __________.

uteinizing hormone (LH)

The layer of podocytes is the same as the

visceral layer of glomerular capsule

Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle?

efferent arteriole

What is the function of glucagon?

It increases blood glucose (sugar) concentration.

The external intercostal muscles are involved in

active inspiration

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

beta cell

At which level of the respiratory tree is there no cartilage, where smooth muscle takes on an important role in regulating the amount of airflow through the tubule?

bronchioles

The action of the parathyroid hormone is counteracted by

calcitonin

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

the epidermis.

Addison's disease is _______

the major hyposecretory disease of the adrenal cortex, involving deficiencies of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

The primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system is located in

the median eminence.

In a positive feedback loop, if concentrations of a specific hormone increase, what is the response of the effector organ?

More of that hormone is secreted, which prompts further secretion of that hormone.

What happens in tubular resorption?

Most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood renal capillaries.

The external urethral sphincter is located

at the urogenital diaphragm.

blood levels of which substance are regulated by secretion from the parathyroid glands

calcium

A cancer that is often caused by a human papilloma virus is __________.

cervical cancer

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule _________

clings to the glomerulus, consists of branching cells call podocytes, and plays an important role in the formation of filtrate

Which vessels in the nephron function in filtration?

glomerular capillaries

The cells that secrete estrogens in females are

granulosa cells.

Oogenesis and spermatogenesis both involve the chromosomal-reduction divisions of meiosis, which takes the gametes from the full complement of chromosomes to the__________ number of chromosomes.

haploid

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

hormonal.

The presence of this hormone in the urine of a pregnant woman serves as a confirmation of implantation in home pregnancy tests

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which muscle contracts during forced expiration?

internal oblique

The phases of the uterine cycle occur in the following order.

menstrual phase (days 1-5); proliferative phase (days 6-14); secretory phase (days 15-28)

An episiotomy during childbirth is performed to

minimize tearing of the central tendon and muscles of the pelvic floor.

The pars nervosa and infundibular stalk are both part of the__________ .

neurohypophysis

Urine passes through the

renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder to the urethra.

The epithelium lining the vagina is

stratified squamous.