Mastering Biology 3
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus
Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?
Mitochondrion.
Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?
Storing compounds produced by the cell
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
In what ways are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria?
The functions of both chloroplasts and mitochondria depend on deeply folded membranes that form fluid filled spaces.
If you are going to bake potatoes, and your potatoes are soft and dehydrated, they can be soaked in __________ to make them more firm before baking.
a hypotonic solution such as tap water
Where do scientists obtain adult stem cells?
bone marrow
What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?
chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.
chloroplasts; mitochondria
The structural framework in a cell is the
cytoskeleton.
The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of
endocytosis.
Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome
The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.
endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome
Ideally, the best scaffold for growing a replacement tissue or organ would be made of what?
extracellular matrix
A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of
facilitated diffusion.
The plant cell wall
is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.
A human cell placed into a hypertonic solution is likely to
lose water by osmosis.
Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?
lysosomes
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
In active transport,
molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
nucleus
What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?
plasma membrane
Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .
plasma membrane; cell wall
Which of these sub-cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
ribosomes
One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by
ribosomes.
When a person is dehydrated, his or her IV fluids
should be isotonic, because either a hypertonic or hypotonic IV would damage red blood cells.
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A human cell placed in a hypotonic environment would
take up water through osmosis.
In order to best eliminate the chance for rejection, a tissue or organ should be made from cells obtained from which of the following?
the patient
Which of the following is most likely to receive a fabricated organ made from his own cells?
bladder cancer patient
The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of
active transport.
Which types of cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane made of two layers of phospholipids and integrated membrane proteins?
all cells
A cell that neither gains nor loses water while sitting in a solution is probably sitting in
an isotonic environment.
If a fabricated windpipe is not receiving proper oxygen and nutrients, which of the following failed to properly regenerate?
blood vessels
Paramecium is a genus of protists that lives in water. It has organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate the excess water gained through osmosis. Knowing that Paramecia gain water through osmosis, we can deduce that they normally live in
freshwater lakes and ponds.
Many bacteria and fungi have a difficult time surviving on our food if the food is very salty. The best explanation for this is
that the salt in the food creates a hypertonic environment for the bacteria and fungi.
Plants, fungi, and some prokaryotic cells have rigid cell walls that help maintain the shape of the cell. What structure provides this function in animal cells?
the cytoskeleton
Water crosses the plasma membrane
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.
Certain molecules, such as RNA, are able to leave the nucleus while DNA is not.
true
