Mastering Biology 3

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_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

In what ways are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria?

The functions of both chloroplasts and mitochondria depend on deeply folded membranes that form fluid filled spaces.

If you are going to bake potatoes, and your potatoes are soft and dehydrated, they can be soaked in __________ to make them more firm before baking.

a hypotonic solution such as tap water

Where do scientists obtain adult stem cells?

bone marrow

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.

chloroplasts; mitochondria

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton.

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

endocytosis.

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

Ideally, the best scaffold for growing a replacement tissue or organ would be made of what?

extracellular matrix

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

facilitated diffusion.

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

A human cell placed into a hypertonic solution is likely to

lose water by osmosis.

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

In active transport,

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .

plasma membrane; cell wall

Which of these sub-cellular structures is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

ribosomes

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes.

When a person is dehydrated, his or her IV fluids

should be isotonic, because either a hypertonic or hypotonic IV would damage red blood cells.

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A human cell placed in a hypotonic environment would

take up water through osmosis.

In order to best eliminate the chance for rejection, a tissue or organ should be made from cells obtained from which of the following?

the patient

Which of the following is most likely to receive a fabricated organ made from his own cells?

bladder cancer patient

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of

active transport.

Which types of cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane made of two layers of phospholipids and integrated membrane proteins?

all cells

A cell that neither gains nor loses water while sitting in a solution is probably sitting in

an isotonic environment.

If a fabricated windpipe is not receiving proper oxygen and nutrients, which of the following failed to properly regenerate?

blood vessels

Paramecium is a genus of protists that lives in water. It has organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate the excess water gained through osmosis. Knowing that Paramecia gain water through osmosis, we can deduce that they normally live in

freshwater lakes and ponds.

Many bacteria and fungi have a difficult time surviving on our food if the food is very salty. The best explanation for this is

that the salt in the food creates a hypertonic environment for the bacteria and fungi.

Plants, fungi, and some prokaryotic cells have rigid cell walls that help maintain the shape of the cell. What structure provides this function in animal cells?

the cytoskeleton

Water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.

Certain molecules, such as RNA, are able to leave the nucleus while DNA is not.

true


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