Mastering Biology Ch 5 HW
What is another name for a condensation reaction?
dehydration
Identify three possible components of a DNA nucleotide.
deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
What is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken?
hydrolysis
What holds phospholipids together in a bilayer formation?
hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions with water
How many fatty acids are in a phospholipid?
two
Scan along the standard sequences (O. kisutch, O. keta, and S. salar), base by base, identifying any bases that do not match the sequence from your fish sample. How many nucleotide bases differ between your sample (labeled as O. kisutch) and the standard sequence for O. kisutch?Sample labeled as O. kisutch5'-CGGCACCGCCCTAAGTCTCT-3'O. kisutch (coho salmon) standard5'-AGGCACCGCCCTAAGTCTAC-3'
3
What percentage of the bases in the standard sequence for O. kisutch are identical to your sample? This value is called the "percent identity."
85%
Which molecule is less soluble in water--a fat or a phospholipid? Wh
A fat molecule is less soluble in water because it has three non-polar fatty acids and no polar or charged head like a phospholipid has.
Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.
A monosaccharide cannot be hydrolyzed any further. A carbohydrate that yields many monosaccharides when hydrolyzed is a polysaccharide . A simple sugar is composed of equal parts carbon and water, which gave rise to the general name of any sugar as a carbohydrate . Lactose, the sugar in milk, is a disaccharide, because it can be split into two monosaccharides.
Select the statement that is incorrect.
All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)nCn(H2O)n.
Drag each item to the appropriate bin.
Basic- arginine neutral polar- glutamine, asparagine neutral nonpolar- alanine
Which of these images shows the correct orientation of phospholipids in a biological membrane?
Biological membranes are made of phospholipids that have assembled with the polar heads facing out to interact with the water, and the non-polar tails pushed together in the interior of the membrane.
Now do the same analysis for the other two standards. Sample labeled as O. kisutchCGGCACCGCCCTAAGTCTCTSample labeled as O. kisutchCGGCACCGCCCTAAGTCTCTO. keta (chum salmon) standardAGGCACCGCCCTGAGCCTACSalmo salar (Atlantic salmon) standardCGGCACCGCCCTAAGTCTCT Drag the values to fill in the table. Values may be used more than once. Not all values will be used.
Group 1- 5 and 0 Group 2- 75% and 100%
Which of these is a phospholipid?
Phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, a glycerol, and fatty acids.
Which of these is NOT a lipid?
RNA: which is a nucleic acid
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
When two amino acid monomers are positioned so that the carboxyl group of one is adjacent to the amino group of the other, they can be joined through a dehydration reaction. This reaction forms a(n) peptide bond.
Glycogen is _____.
a polysaccharide found in animals
Drag each item to the appropriate bin.
acidic- glutamic neutral polar- threonine, tyrosine neutral nonpolar- valine, tryptophan
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____.
as a component of animal cell membranes
Drag each item to the appropriate bin.
basic- lysine neutral polar- serine neural nonpolar- proline, methionine, Phenylalanine
Which of these is a polysaccharide?
cellulose
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
cellulose
Sort the items into the appropriate bin.
*The tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins—how they fold into their overall three-dimensional shapes, and how different protein subunits come together to interact—both ultimately depend on the primary structure, the sequence of amino acids in the proteins. A different sequence of amino acids will lead to different secondary structures and a different shape of the overall protein.
As a researcher in a protein lab, you analyze two different proteins for their shape and the amino acids they contain. Your results show that the two proteins have exactly the same numbers and types of amino acids, but they have different shapes. What is the best explanation for these results?
Each protein has a unique linear sequence of amino acids.
Proteins perform a variety of functions in living organisms. The protein lysozyme (shown in the figure) is found in tears and saliva where it prevents infection by catalyzing the destruction of specific molecules on the surface of many kinds of bacteria. To which functional class of proteins does lysozyme belong?
Enzymatic protein
Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
If you wanted to show the 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including all of the atoms composing it, you should use a space-filling model. If you wanted to show the general shape of a protein, along with some important functional details such as folds and coils, you should use a simplified diagram. If you wanted to show the 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the backbone structure, folds, and coils, you should use a ribbon model. If you wanted to show a generalized protein in which the focus is on the protein's function rather than its structure, you should use a simple shape. If you wanted to show the 3-dimensional shape of a protein by showing the amino acid side chains and their interactions, you should use a wireframe model.
The simplified diagram of rhodopsin shows the protein embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. Portions of the protein extend into the intracellular and extracellular spaces. Which characteristics best describe the side chains in the part of the protein in contact with the phospholipid tails of the membrane?
Non-polar; hydrophobic
Match the monomers with their polymers.
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of nucleotide monomers. Carbohydrate polymers are made up of simple sugar monomers Protein polymers are made up of amino acid monomers.
Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.
Tertiary structure is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids. Quaternary structure is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex. Secondary structure describes the alpha-helices and beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain. Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Based on these data alone, identify the best hypothesis for the species identity of your sample.
The sample is most likely S. salar (Atlantic salmon) because the 20-base nucleotide sequence is an exact match to the S. salar standard.
glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____.
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
Which of these is a source of lactose?
milk
What functional feature(s) does the phosphate group contribute to the structure of a phospholipid?
negative charge to interact with water and place to attach another small charged molecule
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?
olive oil
This figure is an example of a(n) _____.
saturated fat
