mastering biology : chapter 3

carbohydrate polymers are made up of ___ monomers.

simple sugar

tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on ___. a. hydrogen bonds b. bonds between sulfur atoms c. ionic bonds d. peptide bonds e. hydrophobic interactions

(d) - peptide bonds link together the amino acids of a protein's primary structure -

what type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? a. ionic b. hydrophobic c. hydrogen d. peptide c. S--S

(d) - the amino acids of a protein are linked by peptide bonds -

if a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? a. 3'-TUUUCG-5' b. 3'-ATTTGC-5' c. 3'-UAAACG-5' d. 3'-GCAAAT-5' e. 3'-TAAACG-5'

(e) - adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine -

what is another name for a condensation reaction? a. hydrolysis b. monomerization c. catabolism d. water formation e. dehydration

(e) - condensation, also called dehydration, refers to removal of a water molecule during the linking of monomers -

why is the linking of two monomers called "dehydration synthesis"? a. because water is used to split them apart later. b. because the process requires water from the organism performing the linkage. c. because the linkage of the monomers destroys water in the process. d. because the process requires the organism to drink more water. e. because the atoms removed from the monomers combine to form water.

(e) - the atoms used to form a water molecule are removed from the monomers, "dehydrating" them -

a nucleotide is composed of a(n)___. a. amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar b. sulfhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar c. glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar d. phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon e. phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

(e) - these are the components of a nucleotide -

protein polymers are made up of ___ monomers.

amino acid

nucleic acid polymers are made up of ___ monomers.

nucleotide

which of these is a polysaccharide? a. cellulose b. galactose c. glucose d. sucrose e. lactose

(a) - cellulose is a carbohydrate composed of many monomers -

___ is the most abundant organic compound on earth. a. cellulose b. starch c. glucose d. glycogen e. lactose

(a) - cellulose, a component of plant cell walls, is the most abundant organic compound found on earth -

the secondary structure of a protein results from ___. a. hydrogen bonds b. bonds between sulfur atoms c. ionic bonds d. hydrophobic interactions e. peptide bonds

(a) - electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms leave hydrogen atoms with partial positive charges -

why would food manufacturer wish to use hydrogenated vegetable oils (trans fats) in food products like potato chips? a. they are solid at room temperature, like saturated animal fats, and contain no cholesterol. b. they are trans, like animal fats, and contain HDL cholesterol. c. they are solid at room temperature, like unsaturated animal fats. d. they are solid at room temperature, like saturated animal fats, but contain HDL instead of LDL. e. they are liquid at room temperature, like saturated animal fats, and contain HDL cholesterol.

(a) - if the manufacturer used regular unsaturated vegetable oils in potato chips, they would have liquid oils on them, making a mushy mess. if the manufacturer used regular saturated animal fats, the potato chips would have cholesterol -

which of these is a source of lactose? a. milk b. sugar cane c. potatoes d. starch c. sugar beefs

(a) - lactose is the sugar found in milk -

glucose + glucose ---> ___ by ___. a. maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis b. cellulose + water ... hydrolysis c. lactose + water ... hydrolysis d. sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis e. starch + water ... dehydration synthesis

(a) - maltose is the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis -

the two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ___ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. a. hydrogen bonds b. hydrophilic interactions c. ionic bonds d. S--S bonds e. covalent bonds

(a) - nitrogenous base pairs are joined by hydrogen bonds -

proteins are polymers of ___. a. glycerol b. amino acids c. nucleotides d. CH20 units e. hydrocarbons

(a) - proteins are polymers of amino acids

which of these is NOT a lipid? a. rna b. wax c. phospholipid d. steroids e. cholesterol

(a) - rna is a nucleic acid -

if a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? a. 75 b. 200 c. 50 d. 25 e. 150

(a) - 100 nucleotide pairs are a total of 200 nucleotides. because of base pairing, if there are 25 adenine there must also be 25 thymine. this leaves 200-50 = 150 nucleotides to be divided evenly between guanine and cytosine -

a function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role ___. a. in calcium and phosphate metabolism. b. as a component of animal cell membranes. c. the most abundant male sex hormone. d. as the primary female sex hormone. e. all of the cholesterol's effects cause the body harm.

(b) - cholesterol is an important component of the animal cell membranes -

what is the most common type of bond in a lipid? a. polar covalent bonds b. nonpolar covalent bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. ionic bonds

(b) - lipids are made almost entirely of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, which are nonpolar -

what is the monomer of a carbohydrate polymer? a. glucose b. monosaccharide c. fat d. sucrose e. starch

(b) - monosaccharides, which are also called simple sugars, are strung together to make carbohydate polymers -

which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? a. lard b. olive oil c. butter d. beef fat e. a fat that is solid at room temperature

(b) - olive oil is a plant oil, and most plant oils are rich in unsaturated fats -

glycogen is ___. a. a transport protein that carries oxygen. b. the form in which plants store sugars. c. a polysaccharide found in animals. d. a source of saturated fat. e. a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

(c) - animals store energy in the form of glycogen -

what is the name of the process during which a bond between two monomers is broken? a. combustion b. dehydration c. condensation d. hydrolysis

(d) - hydrolysis is the opposite of a condensation reaction. during hydrolysis, a water molecule is used up in the breaking of a bond between two monomers. an H is added to one monomer, and an OH is added to another -