Mastering Biology- Chapter 6
Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions?
A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron.
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other?
Anion and Cation
In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.
pyruvate ... NADH
How would anaerobic conditions (when no O2 is present) affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation? (Note that you should not consider the effect on ATP synthesis in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.)
Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop.
Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.
What molecules belong in spaces E and F?
Carbon dioxide and water
Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons?
Electronegativity
NADH and FADH2 are both electron carriers that donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons ultimately reduce O2 to water in the final step of electron transport. However, the amount of ATP made by electrons from an NADH molecule is greater than the amount made by electrons from an FADH2 molecule.
Fewer protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane when FADH2 is the electron donor than when NADH is the electron donor.
What molecules long and space A and B?
Glucose and oxygen
Each of the four stages of cellular respiration occurs in a specific location inside or outside the mitochondria. These locations permit precise regulation and partitioning of cellular resources to optimize the utilization of cellular energy.
Glycolysis - Cytosol Acetyl CoA - Mitochondrial matrix Citric acid cycle - Mitochondrial matrix Oxidative phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane
Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water:2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energyWhich molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed?
Hydrogen, Polar
What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride?
Ionic
What organelle is indicated by the C?
Mitochondrion
Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?
NADH and FADH2
The reactions of cellular respiration can be broken down into four stages: glycolysis acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) formation citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport and chemiosmotic ATP synthesis) In this tutorial, you will identify the inputs and outputs of each stage of cellular respiration, and identify the cellular compartments where these stages occur. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the Cellular Respiration animation. Pay close attention to the carbon atoms, electron carriers, and ATP formation. You can review relevant parts of the animation at any point in the tutorial. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of glycolysis.
Net Input: ADP, NAD⁺, Glucose Net Output: ATP, NADH and Pyruvate, Not Input or Output: O₂, CO₂, coenzyme A and acetyl CoA
In the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), acetyl CoA is completely oxidized. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of the citric acid cycle.
Net Input: Acetyl CoA, NAD⁺, ADP Net Output: Coenzyme A, CO₂, NADH, ATP Not Input or Output: Pyruvate, Glucose, O₂
In the last stage of cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, all of the reduced electron carriers produced in the previous stages are oxidized by oxygen via the electron transport chain. The energy from this oxidation is stored in a form that is used by most other energy-requiring reactions in cells. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of oxidative phosphorylation.
Net Input: NADH, ADP, O₂ Net Output: NAD⁺, ATP, and Water Not Input or Output: Pyruvate, Glucose, Acetyl CoA, Coenzyme A and CO₂.
In acetyl CoA formation, the carbon-containing compound from glycolysis is oxidized to produce acetyl CoA. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of acetyl CoA formation.
Net Input: NAD⁺, coenzyme A, pyruvate Net Output: NADH, acetyl CoA, CO₂ Not input or output: O₂, ADP, glucose and ATP
Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule?
Oxygen holds electrons more tightly then hydrogen does, And the net charge is zero.
What process occurs in structure H?
Photosynthesis
In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O2?
To function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.
lactate and NAD+
Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondrial intermembrane space
When the protein gramicidin is integrated into a membrane, an H+ channel forms and the membrane becomes very permeable to protons (H+ ions). If gramicidin is added to an actively respiring muscle cell, how would it affect the rates of electron transport, proton pumping, and ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation? (Assume that gramicidin does not affect the production of NADH and FADH2 during the early stages of cellular respiration.)
remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake. decreases or goes to zero: rate of ATP synthesis, size of protein gradient increases: none
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration?
transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work