Mastering Biology Chapter 8

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelop breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

Prophase

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

interphase.

Gametes are produced by __________.

meiosis

The above figure shows that

meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells

During __________ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

metaphase II

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

A benign tumor is a condition in which tumor cells ____________.

remain confined to their original site

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ____________.

sister chromatids

A typical body cell with 23 pairs for chromosomes is called a ______________.

somatic cell

At the end of __________ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

telophase I

At the end of _________ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

telophase II

Anaphase II is essentially the same as mitotic anaphase except that in anaphase II _________ and in mitotic anaphase ______________.

the cells are haploid and sister chromatids separate... the cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell and sister chromatids separate

The mitotic cell cycle results in the production of ____________.

two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

What chromosomes belong to a typical human female?

44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

_____________ reproduction, in contrast, generates genetically unique offspring.

Sexual

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

What name is given to this process?

asexual reproduction

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called __________.

autosomes

Homologous chromosomes _____________.

carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its ______________.

chromosomes

Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT

production of sperm and eggs.

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

prophase I

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

Normal human gametes carry __________ chromosomes.

23

Can you identify the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis?

a. Mitosis b. Prophase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase, Telophase, & Cytokinesis e. Meiosis f. Prophase I g. Metaphase I h. Anaphase I, Telophase I, & Cytokinesis i. Meiosis II

Can you label the events and stages of mitosis?

a. Mitotic spindle forming b. Sister chromatids centered c. Chromosomes separating d. Nuclear envelopes forming e. Interphase f. Prophase g. Metaphase h. Anaphase i. Telophase and cytokenesis

Can you correctly label these images of chromosomes?

a. homologous chromosomes b. centromere c. sister chromatids d. autosomes e. sex chromosomes f. karyotype

Meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ___________.

four haploid cells

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is _________.

mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ___________.

nucleus

As shown in the following figures, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because _____________.

plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not

Synapsis occurs during ___________.

prophase I

____________ reproduction is a means of creating new individuals solely by __________, the form of cell division that creates genetically identical daughter cells.

Asexual... mitosis

Which of these cells is (are) haploid?

C and D

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated.

Can you identify the structures of a chromosome?

a. Pair of homologous chromosomes b. Centromere c. Sister chromatids

Can you correctly label this diagram of the human life cycle?

a. gametes b. haploid c. meiosis d. fertilization e. diploid f. zygote g. mitosis

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during __________.

anaphase I

During ___________ sister chromatids separate.

anaphase II

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

four haploid cells

Meiosis II typically produces ___________ cells, each of which is __________.

four... haploid

To accomplish this, an organism must produce _________ -- sperm and egg -- through the process of ____________.

gametes... meiosis

Crossing over during prophase I results in ___________.

genetic recombination

Such cells are produced only in the ___________.

gonads

The cells produced this way will be ___________, meaning that they contain a single set of chromosomes.

haploid

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would _____________.

have two nuclei

During prophase I of meiosis,

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

The correct order of events during meiosis is

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

During ____________ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

prophase II

Meiosis I produces ___________ cells, each of which is __________.

two... haploid

Can you label the stages of the cell cycle? Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the stages of the cell cycle.

1. Most of the cell's life is spent in interphase, when growth occurs. Cells that are about to divide replicate their DNA. 2. In prophase microtubules form the mitotic spindle, and the nuclear envelope breaks up. 3. At metaphase, the mitotic spindle is fully formed and chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell. 4. In anaphase, sister chromatids separate and become full-fledged chromosomes that move to opposite poles. 5. In telophase chromosomes become less condensed and new nuclear envelopes form. In cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides.

A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing ___________ chromosomes.

16

What chromosomes belong to a typical human male?

44 autosomes, one X chromosome, and one Y chromosome

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains __________ chromosomes.

46

Which of the following is a function of the cell cycle that, in eukaryotes, involves mitosis?

cell replacement

Sister chromatids are joined at the _____________.

centromere

During metaphase _____________.

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called ___________.

cytokinesis