Mastering Geology Ch. 11

Imagine a fold has been eroded to a flat surface. In general, how would you know whether this fold is plunging?

Nonplunging folds look like straight lines at the surface, and plunging folds look like wavy lines.

Which of the following orogenies helped to create the Appalachian Mountains?

Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghanian

_____ is the principle that explains why materials uplift to a certain elevation.

isostasy

What geologic features were created in the Eurasian Plate when India underthrust beneath it?

thrust faults thicker continental crust

Which of the following scenarios could result in the development of a compressional mountain belt?

two landmasses collide

Batholiths, such as those that make up the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, form at great depth in the crust. How could they have been exposed at the surface?

uplift and erosion

Which of the following scenarios best describes the deformation that will occur in different parts of the crust?

Brittle deformation is dominant in the shallow crust; ductile deformation is dominant in the deep crust.

What kind of tectonic boundary is currently responsible for creating the Himalayas?

Continent-Continent Convergent Boundary

which of the following statements regarding joints is true?

Joints are fractures in rocks where very little to no movement has occurred.

__________ faults combine elements of strike-slip and dip-slip motions.

Oblique-slip

Imagine a syncline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?

Rocks would be oldest on the edges and youngest in the middle.

Imagine an anticline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?

Rocks would be youngest on the edges and oldest in the middle.

Which event marked the creation of the supercontinent Pangaea?

The Iapetus Ocean closed during the Alleghanian Orogeny.

What produces plunging folds?

a combination of folding and tilting

What is a syncline?

a fold shaped like a right-side-up U

What is an anticline?

a fold shaped like an upside-down U

What does the term plunging fold mean?

a fold that is tilted down into Earth

Which type of fold has rocks folding up in the middle?

anticline or upfold

Which of the following geographic provinces is the newest addition to the North American continent?

coastal plain

Which type of force causes folding?

compressional force

_____ are shown in the photo above. They are characterized by _____ sedimentary rock layers.

faults, discontinuous

Which geologic features would be present in compressional mountain belts? (Note: There may be more than one answer.)

folds intrusive igneous rocks thrust faults

What is a fault?

fractures along which rocks move

Which mountain range marks the boundary between the Indian and Eurasian Plates?

himalayas

Which fault will see the hanging wall move down relative to the footwall?

normal fault

which fold orientation is visible in figure 2?

overturned

Which of the following is an example of how rocks will respond to compressional stress? (Note: there may be more than one correct answer.)

reverse faulting folding

Which of the following rocks are characteristic of compressional mountain building?

schist

Which type of force is responsible for normal strike-slip formation?

shear force

Which type of fault has NO vertical motion of rocks associated with it?

strike-slip fault

As India moves northward, China and Southeast Asia are being relocated to the east and southeast because of "escape tectonics." What feature is allowing them to "escape"?

strike-slip faults

which of the following terms best describes the orientation of the fold in figure 1?

symmetrical

Which tectonic stress will result in a lengthening of the crust?

tension

What type of force is responsible for normal fault formation?

tensional force

Using what you know about isostasy, how would the crust behave if a large glacier were removed?

the crust would move up in elevation

What are rocks below and above a fault called?

the footwall below and the hanging wall above

When the Indian Plate collided with Eurasian Plate, why didn't it subduct?

the indian plate is too buoyant and too thick

If the Rocky Mountains were eroded, what would happen to the roots of the mountains?

the roots would rebound upward

Which type of force is responsible for reverse fault formation?

Compressional force