Maternity Final

The nurse is teaching the nursing student about semen analysis. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?

"A cold environment or low temperature is suitable for storing the semen sample."

An adolescent client who experiences primary dysmenorrhea complains of pain and lower abdominal cramps. What is the nurse's best response?

"A hot bath or heating pad may help the problem."

A 13-year-old client who recently began menstruating tells the nurse that she has had irregular bleeding since her cycle began. What does the nurse tell the client?

"Bleeding may be irregular for the first 2 years."

A female client tells the nurse that her male partner prefers not to use condoms during intercourse. The client is worried that if she requests that he use a condom, her partner may be offended, and so she complies with his preference. What does the nurse advise the client?

"Discuss the importance of using condoms at a time when you are not having sex."

Which vaccinations can be used as preventive measures for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Select all that apply.

Hepatitis B Human papillomavirus (HPV)

The provider recommends surgical intervention to a client with endometriosis. The client is worried that her reproductive capacity will be harmed by the procedure. What is the most appropriate treatment option for this client?

Laparoscopic surgery

Which aromatase inhibitor is contraindicated in premenopausal clients?

Letrozole (Femara)

When teaching self-care prevention of genital tract infections, the nurse should instruct the woman to:

Limit time spent in damp exercise clothes and limit exposure to bath salts or bubble bath

What are surgical approaches for the treatment of breast cancer? Select all that apply.

Lumpectomy Mastectomy Segmental mastectomy Total simple mastectomy

Which drug prevents the risk of cerebral palsy in the fetus?

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts)

Which physical changes should the nurse instruct a female client to watch for that can (yet unreliably) signal the fertile period? Select all that apply.

Mittelschmerz Midcycle spotting

Which medications are likely to be prescribed for a client with endometriosis? Select all that apply.

Nafarelin (Synarel) Leuprolide (Lupron) Goserelin (Zoladex)

The nurse administers magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) to stop labor in a pregnant client. Which symptoms should the nurse monitor to ensure the client's safety?

Respiratory rate

A pregnant client is on tocolytic therapy with magnesium sulfate. Under which client circumstance would the nurse suggest discontinuing the therapy?

Respiratory rate is 10 breaths per minute.

What is a symptom of macrocalcifications?

White dashes on the breast

With regard to the diagnosis and management of amenorrhea, nurses should be aware that:

It may be caused by stress or excessive exercise or both.

A 23-year-old client reports having severe pain in her breasts during and up to a week after menstruation." What does the nurse infer from the client's condition?

The client has fibrocystic changes.

Which instructions are given to a client with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection? Select all that apply.

"Take warm sitz baths with baking soda." "Take 400 mg of acyclovir orally three times daily for a week." "Dry the lesions with cool air from a hair dryer."

What does the nurse tell a pregnant client with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection about the risk or adverse effect on her pregnancy?

"The infant may have neonatal herpes after birth."

A client with dysmenorrhea has been prescribed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The client reports passing dark-colored stools 1 week after the therapy. What can the nurse interpret from this?

The client has gastrointestinal bleeding.

The nurse reviews the medical reports of a client and finds that the client has a low sperm count. What should the nurse understand about the client?

The client has retrograde ejaculation.

The nurse teaches a client how to detect ovulation and suggests that the client have intercourse the day before and on the day of ovulation. Which patient need is the nurse addressing?

The client is looking for methods to increase the probability of conception.

A client who had stimulated ovulation is given hormonal therapy to maintain the uterine lining. The client, however, has a spontaneous abortion while resting at home. What could be the probable reason for the spontaneous abortion?

The client was administered exogenous progesterone as the main therapy.

A client has been prescribed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Which instruction is important for this client?

"Report dark-colored stools immediately."

In planning for an expected cesarean birth for a woman who has given birth by cesarean previously and who has a fetus in the transverse presentation, the nurse includes which information?

"Even though this is your second cesarean birth, you may wish to review the preoperative and postoperative procedures."

A woman undergoing evaluation of infertility states, "At least when we're through with all of these tests and we will know what is wrong." What is the nurse's best response?

"Even with diagnostic testing, infertility remains unexplained in about 20% of couples."

Which statement by a client indicates a risk of genital tract infection?

"I take a bubble bath once in a day."

A 36-year-old client is taking ovulation-inducing drugs to conceive after having had one child previously. The client says, "I've been using ovulation-inducing drugs for a month now and still haven't ovulated." How does the nurse respond?

"When did you have your last menstrual cycle?"

When does a client develop a viremic influenza-like response after being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

6-12 week after infection

A pregnant client comes to the clinic 24 hours after being treated with penicillin for syphilis with a headache, myalgia, and arthralgia. The nurse recognizes that the client is having which reaction?

A Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

A 25-year-old client complains that she has not had her period for 2 months following the discontinuation of oral contraceptives. What instruction does the nurse expect from the primary health care provider?

Do not administer menstruation-inducing medication to the client for the next 4 months.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended medication for the treatment of chlamydia is what?

Doxycycline

The rate of fertility declines dramatically after the age of 35. While explaining the cause of this rapid decline in fertility to the client, the nurse is aware that the primary reason for this is related to what?

Abnormalities of oocytes

The nurse suspects that a client has syphilis and assesses the client's nontreponemal antibody test results. The test results are negative. What action does the nurse take?

Administers the test again after 2 months

What complications are increased in pregnant clients with gonococcal infection?

Amniotic infection syndrome

A client who is breastfeeding has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which treatment plan should be instituted?

Amoxicillin 500 mg three times a day for 7 days and ceftriaxone 250 mg IM injection

The nurse is assessing a female adolescent who is experiencing amenorrhea. Which nursing action is a priority in this case?

Assess the client's pregnancy status.

The standard mammogram film of a client reveals the presence of microcalcifications that are clustered together and have irregular edges. Which diagnostic intervention would help to confirm the cause of the client's condition?

Biopsy of the calcified tissue

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo a hysterosalpingogram. What possible abnormalities can be detected through the procedure?

Blockage in the fallopian tubes

Which potential side effects does the nurse discuss with a client receiving clomiphene citrate (Clomid)? Select all that apply.

Breast tenderness Nausea and vomiting Abdominal discomfort

Which medication can be prescribed for a client with excessive prolactin levels?

Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

What symptoms are seen in a client who experiences secondary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply.

Heavy menstrual flow Lower abdominal aching Feelings of bloating

What should the nurse stress in teaching a woman to deal with the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Decrease her consumption of caffeine.

What is an effective relief measure for primary dysmenorrhea?

Decrease intake of salt and refined sugar about 1 week before menstruation is about to occur.

A client with endometriosis is planning to start danazol (Danocrine) therapy. On assessment, the nurse finds that the client is 3 weeks pregnant. What instructions does the nurse expect from the primary health care provider?

Discontinue the drug prescription.

A client experiences a single episode of heavy bleeding with abdominal pain. On assessment, the nurse finds that the period was also delayed. Which other factor does the nurse need to evaluate to determine the possible cause of this episode?

Evaluate serum β-hCG pregnancy test results.

Which of the following, if found in both the male and female of a couple, could present an issue with regard to the couple's fertility?

History of endocrine problems.

Which infection is prevented with the Cervarix and Gardasil vaccines?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

A 15-year-old female client experiences extreme stress due to schoolwork, which has led to an eating disorder and significant weight loss. Which condition is likely to be seen in the client?

Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea

The nurse is monitoring a pregnant client after amniotomy. Which observation would indicate a likelihood of umbilical cord compression?

The fetal heart rate (FHR) has variable decelerations.

What laboratory finding would indicate that the nurse should inform the client about egg donation?

The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level is high.

The nurse is counseling a client who has had multiple miscarriages. The nurse explains to the client that she has developed endometriosis. In which category would this be placed as a cause of infertility?

Tubal factors

A young adolescent has been prescribed continuous combined hormone therapy for endometriosis. What advice should the nurse give to the patient to minimize the drug-related adverse effects?

"Have bone mineral density tested regularly."

A nursing student is reviewing information relative to cultural beliefs about infertility. Which statement if made by a client would require intervention?

"I have to take full responsibility for my failure to conceive."

After interacting with a client, the nurse infers that the client has a low, but still significant risk of sexually transmitted infections. Which statement by the client supports the nurse's opinion?

"I perform oral sex when my partner wears a condom."

A male client has been diagnosed with subfertility. Which instructions by the nurse are the most appropriate? Select all that apply.

"Include antioxidants in your diet." "Avoid keeping your cell phone on your belt." "Wear loose, comfortable pants."

An adolescent reports to the nurse, "I feel severe pain in my stomach and nausea during the first two days of my menstrual cycle." What does the nurse suggest to help relieve the client's symptoms? Select all that apply.

"Reduce salt intake." "Eat plenty of watermelon."

The nurse is assessing a 40-year-old female client with fibrocystic changes in her breast. After reviewing the breast ultrasonography report, the nurse finds that the lump is a solid mass. What does the nurse tell the client?

"You may need to get a mammogram."

A woman inquires about herbal alternative methods for improving fertility. Which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate when instructing the woman in which herbal preparations to avoid while trying to conceive?

"You may want to avoid licorice root, lavender, fennel, sage, and thyme while you are trying to conceive."

A woman states, "I'm sure that I am suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). How can I get my doctor to take this seriously?" What is the nurse's best response?

"You should keep a daily record of the occurrence and severity of your symptoms for six months."

A client reports yellowish, frothy, and malodorous vaginal discharge. During the assessment the nurse observes strawberry spots in the cervix and inflammation of the vaginal walls and cervix. What will the nurse suggest that the client do in order to provide effective treatment?

"Your partner should also receive treatment for the infection."

Which of these are the lowest-risk sexual practices? Select all that apply.

Abstinence Dry kissing Hugging, massaging, touching (assuming no break in skin)

A client who has undergone several failed attempts at in vitro fertilization discusses her feelings with the nurse. If the client says that her inability to conceive does not affect her worth as a human being, what behavioral characteristic is the client showing?

Acceptance

The nurse is performing a physical examination of the vulva, the perineum, the anus, the vagina, and the cervix of a client with human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions. What is an important nursing action during the examination?

Change gloves between vaginal and rectal examinations.

Which sexually transmitted infections are caused by bacteria? Select all that apply.

Chlamydia Gonorrhea Lymphogranuloma venereum

Which finding is associated with endometriosis?

Chocolate cyst

After checking the laboratory report of a client, the nurse reports to the primary health care provider findings that the client has developed insulin resistance and anovulation. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the client?

Clomiphene (Clomid) and metformin (Glucophage)

A client is diagnosed with polycystic ovaries following laparoscopy. The client is diagnosed to have anovulation. What strategies included in the treatment would help the client conceive? Select all that apply.

Clomiphene (Clomid) and metformin (Glucophage) Clomiphene (Clomid) and dexamethasone (Decadron)

A client with abnormal uterine bleeding and a hemoglobin level of less than 8 g/dl is hospitalized. The client is given conjugated estrogens, and the nurse monitors the client for the next 24 hours. Which condition in the client indicates a need for dilation and curettage?

Continuous bleeding

What nursing intervention would help identify the barriers to effective coping in a client with infertility?

Evaluate the client's support systems.

The nurse is counselling a client who is at risk for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). What does the nurse include in her STI prevention teaching? Select all that apply.

Explains in detail how STIs are transmitted Instructs the client on how to use a condom Explains how to identify physical signs of STI

While interviewing a group of women belonging to different communities, the nurse finds that the Hispanic women are at greater risk of contracting sexually transmitted infection. What does the nurse specifically teach the Hispanic women in order to reduce the risk?

Feel free to speak about the use of condoms with their partners.

The nurse is assessing a 37-year-old client with secondary infertility. While reviewing the client's laboratory reports, the nurse finds that the patient has a reduced ovarian reserve. Which laboratory report would the nurse have reviewed?

Follicle-stimulating hormone levels

Which symptoms indicate syphilis? Select all that apply.

Generalized lymphadenopathy Wartlike infectious lesions on the vulva The presence of rash on the palms and soles

A pregnant woman is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a viral load of more than 400 copies/ml. It is therefore recommended that she have a caesarean birth at 38 weeks of gestation. On assessment at 36 weeks, the nurse finds that the patient has a viral load of 800 copies/ml and ruptured membranes, and the labor is progressing rapidly. What is the primary health care provider likely to order?

Immediate vaginal birth

Which condition has a high possibility of occurrence in a client with endometriosis?

Impaired fertility

What is the procedure in which ova are removed by laparoscopy, mixed with sperm, and the embryo(s) returned to the woman's uterus?

In vitro fertilization

A 25-year-old client has been unable to conceive after being diagnosed with chlamydia. What infertility treatment would help the client conceive?

In vitro fertilization therapy (IVF)

A client diagnosed with endometriosis expresses the desire to conceive. Which reproductive therapy would help the client to conceive?

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

The nurse is assessing a client with menstrual cycle irregularity. While speaking with the client, the nurse learns the client is an athlete. What should the nurse suggest to the client to promote a regular menstrual cycle?

Increase intake of food and water

What should nurses be aware of regarding infertility?

Infertility is perceived differently by women and men.

What type of breast cancer is characterized by rash and reddish skin on the breast?

Inflammatory cancer

A client comes to the clinic with a sexually transmitted infection. What should the nurse teach the client about self-management of sexually transmitted infections? Select all that apply.

Inform your sexual partner(s) of the need to be tested and treated, if necessary. Use comfort measures for symptom relief as suggested by your health care provider. Keep your appointment for repeat cultures or checkups after your treatment to make sure your infection is cured.

An infertile woman is about to begin pharmacologic treatment. As part of the regimen, she will take purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (urofollitropin [Metrodin]). The nurse instructs her that this medication is administered in the form of what?

Intramuscular injection

The nurse is caring for a 32-year-old pregnant client who had an onset of labor at 40 weeks' gestation. Following the labor, the nurse finds that the newborn has a low birth weight (LBW). What explanation will the nurse give to the client as to the etiology of the newborn's LBW?

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Which statement is true with regard to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

It can present with similar symptoms to panic disorders.

With regard to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), the nurse should be aware of what?

It is most commonly caused by anovulation.

A client who is the mother of two children experiences menorrhagia due to uterine leiomyomata. The client's condition is severe, and therefore surgical removal of fibroids is recommended. After discussing the surgical options, the client decides to undergo uterine artery embolization. Which surgical side effect should the nurse verify that the client understands before her surgery?

Loss of fertility

A pregnant client experienced preterm labor at 30 weeks gestation. Upon assessing the client the nurse finds that the newborn is at risk of having cerebral palsy. Which medication administration should the nurse perform to prevent cerebral palsy in the newborn?

Magnesium sulfate.

A pregnant client who is in preterm labor has been prescribed dexamethasone (Decadron). What benefit of the drug would the nurse identify in the client?

Maturation of fetal lungs

A client is prescribed oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for 6 months for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. After 6 months, the client's condition improves, and she wishes to discontinue the oral contraceptive pills. However, nine weeks later, the client is instructed to start a progestin regimen. Which assessment finding is the reason for this prescription?

Menstruation did not resume.

What condition may be seen in a female client who takes oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)?

Midcycle bleeding

For a woman at 42 weeks of gestation, which finding requires more assessment by the nurse?

One fetal movement noted in 1 hour of assessment by the mother

In providing health promotion education to reduce the likelihood of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, which actions would still have a low increased risk? Select all that apply.

Oral sex with female or male wearing condom Vaginal intercourse with condom

Which examination is useful in detecting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge 12 to 36 hours prior to ovulation?

Ovulation detection kit

A client comes to the clinic and the nurse uses the Five Ps approach for obtaining information about her sexual history. Which of these are included in the Five Ps approach? Select all that apply.

Partners Practices Past history of STIs Prevention of pregnancy Protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A 45-year-old woman reports, "I can feel lumps in my breast tissue, which get tender during my period." Further assessment shows the presence of solid lumps of 2.5 cm in the woman's right breast, with nominal symptoms. What instructions does the nurse anticipate from the primary health care provider?

Perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) periodically.

What Standard Precautions should be applied during the delivery of health care to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from known and unknown sources of infection? Select all that apply.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette Safe injection practices Gloves and hand hygiene

Which medication would be helpful for a client with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection?

Podofilox (Condylox) 0.5% solution

Group B streptococci (GBS) are part of the normal vaginal flora in 20% to 30% of healthy pregnant women. GBS has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes and is an important factor in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for neonatal GBS infection?

Positive prenatal culture Preterm birth less than 37 weeks Maternal fever of 38° C or greater

The nurse is assessing a client who reports no menses for the past 6 months. Which test should the nurse ask the client to take?

Pregnancy test

A client reports mood disturbances, emotional breakdowns, and irritation just before the beginning of menses for the last three cycles. After assessment, the nurse finds that the client follows a good diet and exercise regimen. Based on the symptoms, what does the nurse conclude that the client has?

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

What are the maternal effects of Chlamydia? Select all that apply.

Preterm labor Postpartum endometritis

What is the most effective way to reduce the adverse consequences of STIs for women and for society?

Preventing infection (primary prevention)

The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?

Radiation

A female client is receiving treatment for gonorrhea. What does the nurse tell the client while providing care? Select all that apply.

Recommend that the client be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Reinforce teaching of correct condom use during sexual activity. Encourage the client to notify her partners about the infection.

A client is scheduled for a skin punch biopsy of the breast. Which condition is the client likely to have?

Reddish skin with rash

The nurse is speaking to a client with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) who has been prescribed a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). What should the nurse state as the reason for prescribing this medication to the client?

Reduces breast tenderness

Although remarkable developments have occurred in reproductive medicine, assisted reproductive therapies are associated with a number of legal and ethical issues. Nurses can provide accurate information about the risks and benefits of treatment alternatives so couples can make informed decisions about their choice of treatment. Which issues would need to be addressed by an infertile couple before treatment? Select all that apply.

Risk of multiple gestation Whether or how to disclose the facts of conception to offspring Freezing embryos for later use Stress management techniques and couple counseling

Which method is used to determine the presence of varicoceles in the testes?

Scrotal ultrasound

A couple arrives for their first appointment at an infertility center. A noninvasive test done during initial diagnostic testing is called what?

Semen analysis

A man and a woman who have not achieved a successful pregnancy are scheduled to meet with a fertility specialist. Which simple evaluation is usually the first test to be performed?

Semen analysis

The nurse assessing a client with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and finds a 4-cm tumor in the mammography report. What further diagnostic procedure would the client need for confirmation of the diagnosis?

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Arrange in order the steps that a client should take when performing a shoulder blade squeeze exercise:

Sit on a chair facing the mirror with eyes focused straight ahead. Keep arms at your side with the elbows slightly bent. Bring elbows behind you and squeeze shoulder blades. Repeat exercise from the starting position.

The nurse should refer a 55-year-old woman for further testing if it is noted on inspection her breasts:

Small dimple located in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast

A client has a TNM status of T1-N0-M0 following a mammography. Which stage of breast cancer is the client likely to have?

Stage I

What are some known triggers that cause an outbreak of genital herpes? Select all that apply.

Stress Menstruation Ultraviolet light

During a prenatal visit, the nurse finds that the client has decreased mobility and symptoms of preterm labor. Which nursing intervention is to be followed to prevent thrombophlebitis?

Teach gentle lower extremity exercises to the client.

Which is a true statement about the TNM system for clinical staging of breast cancer?

The TNM system sorts stage by size of tumor, lymph node involvement, and whether metastasis is involved.

A client is being treated with oral metronidazole (Flagyl) for bacterial vaginosis. After a few days, the client experiences abdominal distress, nausea, vomiting, and headache. What can the nurse conclude from these problems in the client?

The client consumed alcohol with the drug.

A 35-year-old client with one child does not respond to ovulation-inducing drugs. On assessing the client's medical history, the nurse suspects early menopause. What could be the reason for the nurse's suspicion?

The client had undergone chemotherapy.

A pregnant client has painful lower abdominal cramps and a mucoid vaginal discharge. Upon further examination, the nurse concludes that the client may have a low risk of having a preterm delivery. What finding led the nurse to this conclusion?

The client has a cervical length of 40 mm.

The nurse is assessing a 36-year-old client who is planning for a second pregnancy. After reviewing the client's medical record, the nurse provides information about the egg donation process to the client. What would be the reason for providing this information to the client?

The client has age-related infertility.

A 13-year-old female expresses her wish to undergo breast augmentation surgery. After consulting with the nurse, the client decides not to undergo this surgery. What factor would most likely lead to this decision?

The client's breasts are not fully developed.

The nurse is conducting a follow-up assessment of a client with endometriosis who is taking danazol (Danocrine). The client tells the nurse that she is unwilling to take danazol (Danocrine) in the future. What could be the most likely reason for the client's unwillingness to use this medication?

The medication caused masculinizing traits in the client.

The nurse is preparing to speak to a group of women who are at risk of developing dysmenorrhea. Which patients should be included in the teaching session? Select all that apply.

Those who smoke Those who have high stress due to work

What factors should the nurse assess in the client with anovoluation? Select all that apply.

Thyroid disorders Pituitary gland disorders

The nurse is assessing a pregnant woman who is complaining of milky, sticky discharge from her breasts. The laboratory reports of the client show elevated prolactin levels. What laboratory test does the nurse perform based on the primary health care provider's advice?

Thyroid profile

What is the significance of the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT)?

To assess follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels

A client diagnosed with breast cancer is prescribed trastuzumab (Herceptin). What does the nurse inform the client to ensure safe drug administration?

To be aware of the signs and symptoms of gastric ulceration

After reviewing the mammogram reports of a client, the primary health care provider refers the client for a positron emission tomography scan. What is the purpose of positron emission tomography in this scenario?

To determine whether the patient's tumor has metastasized

The nurse is administering glucocorticoids to a pregnant woman in preterm labor. When explaining the purpose of this medication to the client, which response by the nurse is accurate?

To prevent fetal respiratory distress syndrome

The nurse is caring for a client with breast cellulitis and suggests heat therapy. What is the reason for this suggestion?

To reduce pain in the breasts

Which infections are collectively known as TORCH infections? Select all that apply.

Toxoplasmosis German measles Cytomegalovirus Herpes genitalis

A client tested negative on a clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT). Which technique would be included in the treatment plan to assist reproduction in the client?

Transferring embryos, formed by inseminating donated eggs, into the uterus

A client is diagnosed with adhesions in the uterine lining. Which assisted reproductive therapy may be beneficial to the client?

Use of a surrogate mother

The nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant as a surrogate mother. Which condition would the biologic mother have to need to use a gestational surrogate?

Uterine myoma

The nurse is assessing a pregnant client with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, who is having labor pains. The nurse finds that the client was prescribed antiviral medications. Which assessment finding will determine that a vaginal birth is possible?

Visible lesions are not present at onset of labor.

The recommended treatment for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to the fetus during pregnancy is what?

Zidovudine